Medieval French, usually analyzed as a null subject language, differs considerably from modern Romance null subject languages such as Spanish in the availability of non-expressed subject pronouns; specifically, it shows characteristics reminiscent of non-null, rather than null subject languages, such as the expression of expletive subject pronouns. The central goal of this book is to put forward an account of these differences. On the basis of the analysis of an extensive, newly established data corpus, the development of the expression of both expletive and referential subject pronouns until the 17th c. is determined. Following a thorough discussion of previous approaches, an alternative approach is presented which builds on the analysis of Medieval French as a non-null subject language. The non-expression of subject pronouns, licit in specific contexts in non-null subject languages, is shown to be restricted to configurations generally involving left-peripheral focalization. These configurations - and, concomitantly, non-expressed subject pronouns - are finally argued to be eventually lost for good in the wake of the initial observation by 17th c. writers of pertinent instructions campaigned for in highly influential works of language use.

Michael Zimmermann bewertet unterschiedliche Koordinationsmechanismen einer Supply Chain in einer Monopol- und in einer Wettbewerbssituation. Er zeigt, dass sich fur konkurrierende Wertschopfungsketten gegenlaufige Koordinations- und Wettbewerbseffekte ergeben, und vergleicht die Vorteilhaftigkeit verschiedener Koordinationsmechanismen in einer Monopol- und in einer Duopolsituation.

"Berlin's Culturescape in the Twentieth Century" reflects the many facets of Berlin's unique development as a cultural metropolis. At the centre of this compilation of essays is the notion of culturescape as a concept that describes the cultural expressions and identities that occur within a given urban space. From industrialization and modernization to division and subsequent reunification, Berlin has been the flashpoint of German history and culture. This bilingual volume (five German chapters and seven English chapters) provides a discourse that examines expressions of the city's literature, film, and fashion.

One of the aims of this volume is to provide material, based on critical, unbiased research illustrating the fact that, at particular moments in their history and in certain aspects of their doctrines, the traditions of Buddhism, like other religious traditions, have actively or passively promoted - and may continue to promote - violent modes of behaviour or structural violence. The articles in this volume cover an extremely broad spectrum of the Buddhist world in term of regions and periods. They deal with aspects of violence starting in India before the Common Era and ranging to the support of Japnese militarism by Buddhist leadersand scholars far into the twentieth century.