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This title was first published in 2001. Focusing on the distinctive
ways in which rural social, economic and political life is
experienced in developed societies in late modernity, this striking
volume draws on empirical material from a wide range of countries
within and outside the EU. It also incorporates comparative case
studies from South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
This title was first published in 2001. Focusing on the distinctive
ways in which rural social, economic and political life is
experienced in developed societies in late modernity, this striking
volume draws on empirical material from a wide range of countries
within and outside the EU. It also incorporates comparative case
studies from South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to the evolution of
terrestrial planets, addressing the topic from the perspectives of
planetary sciences, geochemistry, geophysics and biology, and solar
and astrophysics. The review papers analyze the chemical, isotopic
and elemental evolution of the early Solar System, with specific
emphasis on Venus, Earth, and Mars. They discuss how these factors
contribute to our understanding of accretion timescales, volatile
delivery, the origin of the Moon and the evolution of atmospheres
and water inventories of terrestrial planets. Also explored are
plate tectonic formation, the origin of nitrogen atmospheres and
the prospects for exoplanet habitability.The papers are
forward-looking as well, considering the importance of future space
missions for understanding terrestrial planet evolution in the
Solar System and beyond. Overall, this volume shall be useful for
academic and professional audiences across a range of scientific
disciplines. Previously published in Space Science Reviews in the
Topical Collection "Reading Terrestrial Planet Evolution in
Isotopes and Element Measurements"
Over the last fifteen years, space-based exploration of the solar
system has increased dramatically, with more and more sophisticated
orbiters and landers being sent to Mars. This intense period, rich
in unprecedented scientific results, has led to immense progress in
our perception of Mars and of its evolution over geological time.
In parallel, advances in numerical simulations and laboratory
experiments also shed new light on the geochemical evolution of the
planet Mars. The ISSI-Europlanet Workshop entitled "Quantifying the
Martian Geochemical Reservoirs" was held in Bern in April 2011 with
the objective to create a diverse interdisciplinary forum composed
of scientists directly involved in space-based exploration of the
Martian surface, meteoriticists studying SNC meteorites, and
planetary and/or Earth scientists simulating, numerically or
experimentally, the physical and chemical processes occurring on or
within Mars. The chapters of this book provide an overview of
current knowledge of the past and present Martian geochemical
reservoirs, from the accretionary history to the secondary
alteration processes at the surface. In addition to the detailed
description of data from Mars and the methods used to obtain them,
the contributions also emphasize comparison with features on Earth,
providing a perspective on the extent to which our knowledge of
terrestrial systems influences interpretation of data from Mars.
Areas that would benefit from future work and measurements are also
identified, providing a view of the short-term and long-term future
of the study of Mars. This collection of chapters constitutes a
timely perspective on current knowledge and thinking concerning the
geochemical evolution of Mars, providing context and a valuable
reference point for even more exciting future discoveries. It is
aimed at graduate students and researchers active in geochemistry
and space science. Previously published in Space Science Reviews,
Vol. 174/1-4, 2013.
Over the last fifteen years, space-based exploration of the solar
system has increased dramatically, with more and more sophisticated
orbiters and landers being sent to Mars. This intense period, rich
in unprecedented scientific results, has led to immense progress in
our perception of Mars and of its evolution over geological time.
In parallel, advances in numerical simulations and laboratory
experiments also shed new light on the geochemical evolution of the
planet Mars. The ISSI-Europlanet Workshop entitled "Quantifying the
Martian Geochemical Reservoirs" was held in Bern in April 2011 with
the objective to create a diverse interdisciplinary forum composed
of scientists directly involved in space-based exploration of the
Martian surface, meteoriticists studying SNC meteorites, and
planetary and/or Earth scientists simulating, numerically or
experimentally, the physical and chemical processes occurring on or
within Mars. The chapters of this book provide an overview of
current knowledge of the past and present Martian geochemical
reservoirs, from the accretionary history to the secondary
alteration processes at the surface. In addition to the detailed
description of data from Mars and the methods used to obtain them,
the contributions also emphasize comparison with features on Earth,
providing a perspective on the extent to which our knowledge of
terrestrial systems influences interpretation of data from Mars.
Areas that would benefit from future work and measurements are also
identified, providing a view of the short-term and long-term future
of the study of Mars. This collection of chapters constitutes a
timely perspective on current knowledge and thinking concerning the
geochemical evolution of Mars, providing context and a valuable
reference point for even more exciting future discoveries. It is
aimed at graduate students and researchers active in geochemistry
and space science. Previously published in Space Science Reviews,
Vol. 174/1-4, 2013.
Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061: A Long-Term Perspective for
Planetary Exploration synthesizes all the material elaborated and
discussed during three workshops devoted to the Horizon 2061
foresight exercise. Sections cover the science of planetary
systems, space missions to solar system objects, technologies for
exploration, and infrastructures and services to support the
missions and to maximize their science return. The editors follow
the path of the implementation of a planetary mission, from the
needed support in terms of navigation and communication, through
the handling of samples returned to Earth, to the development of
more permanent infrastructures for scientific human outposts on the
Moon and Mars. This book also includes a special chapter entirely
devoted to contributions from students and early-career scientists:
the "Horizon 2061 generation" and a final chapter on important
avenues for the actual implementation of the planetary missions
coming out of our "Dreams for Horizon 2061": International
cooperation, and the growing role and initiatives of private
enterprise in planetary exploration.
Thanks to the observation of a growing number of planetary
atmospheres, we are at the dawn of a major scientific revolution in
atmospheric and climate sciences. But are we ready to understand
what will be discovered around other stars? This book brings
together 15 review chapters that study and provide up-to-date
information on the physical and chemical processes that control the
nature of atmospheres. It identifies commonalities between various
solar system atmospheres, analyzes the dynamic processes behind
different atmospheric circulation regimes, and outlines key
questions remaining in solar system science. Through this
comprehensive overview, the volume will help researchers understand
the possible nature of the exo-atmospheres to be discovered in the
coming decades thanks to upcoming new generations of telescopes.
Previously published in Space Science Reviews in the Topical
Collection "Understanding the Diversity of Planetary Atmospheres"
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
This volume discusses the evolutionary paths linking planets and
their atmospheres to their origin within circumstellar disks. It
reviews the main phases of this evolution, summarizes what we
understand and what are the important open questions, and suggests
ways towards solutions. Dust accretion within disks generates
planet cores, while gas accretion on these cores leads to the
diversity of their fluid envelopes. The formation of planetary
proto-atmospheres and oceans is an essential product of planet
formation. A fraction of the planets retain their primary
proto-atmosphere, while others lose it and may form a "secondary"
atmosphere. When the disk finally dissipates, it leaves us with the
combination of a planetary system and a debris disk. Using the next
generation of observing facilities, we will be able to reconstruct
more accurately the evolutionary paths linking stellar genesis to
the possible emergence of habitable worlds. Originally published in
Space Science Reviews, Volume 205, Issue 1-4, December 2016
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