This book provides course material in theoretical physics intended for undergraduate and graduate students specializing in condensed matter. The book derives from teaching activity, offering readable and mathematical treatments explained in sufficient detail to be followed easily. The main emphasis is always on the physical meaning and applicability of the results. Many examples are provided for illustration; these also serve as worked problems.

Discussion extends to atomic physics, relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary QED, electron spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and various aspects of the many-body problem. Methods such as group representation theory, Green 's functions, the Keldysh formalism and recursion techniques were also imparted.

Over the last thirty years, the European Union has created a system of environmental governance in Europe. With a large number of legislative measures, the EU's environmental policy is broad in scope, extensive in detail and often stringent in effect. Environmental governance also extends to the ways in which decision making on environmental policy has become institutionalized within Europe, both at the level of the EU itself and in the practices of the member states. This work seeks to understand this new system of environmental governance both at the European level and at the level of member states. It argues that the system is multi-level, horizontally complex, evolving and incomplete. Locating developments at the European level in theories of European integration, it goes on to examine the extent of convergence and divergence in environmental policy among six member states: Germany, Spain, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, and the UK. It then looks at the operation of the system of environmental governance through an examination of policy case studies before examining the wider political significance of these developments.

This work arises from our teaching this subject during many years. The vast majority of these exercises are the exams we gave to our students in this period. We carefully selected the subjects of the exercises to cover all the material which is most needed and which is treated in the most well known texts on these subjects. Each exercise is carefully solved in full details, explaining the theory behind the solution with particular care for those issues that, from our experience, are found most difficult from the average student. Indeed, several exercises are designed to throw light on aspects of the theory that, for one reason or another, are usually neglected with the result to make the students feel uneasy about them. In fact most students get acquainted just with the more common manipulations, which are illustrated by many examples in textbooks. Our exercises never require extensive calculations but tend to be somewhat unusual and force the solver to think about the problem starting from the principles, rather than by analogy with some previously solved exercise."

This book provides course material in theoretical physics intended for undergraduate and graduate students specializing in condensed matter. The book derives from teaching activity, offering readable and mathematical treatments explained in sufficient detail to be followed easily. The main emphasis is always on the physical meaning and applicability of the results. Many examples are provided for illustration; these also serve as worked problems.

Discussion extends to atomic physics, relativistic quantum mechanics, elementary QED, electron spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and various aspects of the many-body problem. Methods such as group representation theory, Green 's functions, the Keldysh formalism and recursion techniques were also imparted.

This book presents the basic elements of theoretical physics in a highly accessible, captivating way for university students in the third year of a degree in physics. It covers analytical mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics, special and general relativity and non-relativistic quantum theory, fully developing the necessary mathematical methods beyond standard calculus. The central theme is scientific curiosity and the main focus is on the experimental meaning of all quantities and equations. Several recent verifications of General Relativity are presented, with emphasis on the physical effects - why they were predicted to exist and what signals they were seen to produce. Similarly, the basic reasons why superconductors have zero resistance and are perfect diamagnets are pinpointed. Quantum Eraser Experiments and Delayed Choice Experiments are described. Many statements of Quantum Theory are a challenge to common sense and some crucial predictions have often been considered hard to believe and have been tested experimentally. The book examines the EPR paradox, Bell states and teleportation. To show the beauty and richness of the subject, various topics from different areas of Physics are covered. These include: discrete quantum models and lattices (periodic and not), Casimir effect, Anyons, Fano Resonances, the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, the Meitner-Auger effect, Squeezed Light, the Rabi model, neutrino oscillations, aspects of Quantum Transport, Quantum Pumping, and Berry phases, black holes and cosmological problems.

From acid rain to clean drinking water, from clean beaches to packaging waste, the operation of the environmental rules in the European Union affects all our lives. This book examines how rules for environmental protection are made in Europe. It identifies the forces that shape how rules are made and why they take the form they do.

Le idee e le tecniche della Fisica Teorica del XX secolo (meccanica analitica, meccanica statistica, relativita e meccanica quantistica non relativistica) non sono piu appannaggio esclusivo dei fisici. Ormai, specialmente con la recente introduzione di nuovi corsi di laurea, le conoscenze di base rientrano nel bagaglio culturale comune ai laureati in materie scientifiche e tecnologiche affini alla Fisica e alle sue applicazioni.

La trattazione in questo libro, e meno formale rispetto ai tradizionali corsi di Istituzioni di Fisica Teorica. Lo scopo e comunque quello di raggiungere una reale comprensione dei concetti fisici e una capacita di risolvere autonomamente problemi. Lo stile e discorsivo, con abbondanza di esempi, l esposizione di tutti i passaggi importanti e dettagliata, rispondendo in anticipo a tutte le domande che solitamente pongono gli allievi. L autore ha dato spazio a sviluppi recenti e interessanti, come il microscopio a tunnel e la criptografia quantistica. Ha cercato di spiegare sempre le motivazioni delle manipolazioni matematiche, e il significato fisico di tutte le grandezze misurabili. Soprattutto, ha sottolineato gli aspetti che fanno della Fisica Teorica una scienza piena di risvolti pratici e insieme una avventura intellettuale particolarmente affascinante.

This book is the first to examine how the European Commission has addressed concerns about its ethical standards since 1999. References to the European gravy train, to instances of nepotism or patronage, and even corruption and fraud are commonplace in the popular press. However, until now, there has been no study of the European institutions themselves to question the validity of these claims, or to explore the extent to which the European Commission has responded to and resolved such problems and/or criticism. This book considers the European Commission's administrative ethics in the context of the events leading up to the resignation of the College of Commissioners in March 1999, and the subsequent administrative reform led by Commissioner Neil Kinnock from 1999-2004. Insights from the field of administrative ethics are applied to the Commission's response to accusations of an ethics problem within its organisational borders, adding a new perspective to existing research on the EU institutions. -- .