The District Railway was designed by a committee with impractical aspirations. A banking crisis and collapse of one of its contractors during construction created long term financial difficulties. It was complicit in completing the long hoped for `inner circle' railway that was a financial disaster and very difficult to operate. Its directors were for many years ineffectual and its managing director, though getting off to a good start, became complacent and distracted and failed to pursue with vigour the policies that were needed. Even the American entrepreneurs, who arrived with the twentieth century, had their work cut out trying to make something of a line that rarely paid dividends and had never been far from bankruptcy. In all this, the railway and its operational staff provided good and useful services to important parts of London or the suburbs it helped to shape. Why a railway like this found itself in such a sorry state is part of the story covered in this definitive volume. Well illustrated in colour and black and white.

This volume of London's District Railway covers the period that saw a useful but old fashioned steam-operated railway take its first tentative steps towards electrification and improvement. Modernisation was essential in order to match the modern electric trams and deep level tube railways that were being promoted, but the impoverished District hardly knew how to proceed and could not bear the cost. In the end, it was an American syndicate that came to the rescue, bringing finance, know how and drive to the task and by 1905 transforming the District into a thoroughly modern electric railway. This book explains how all this came about and how the District then developed into an important part of an integrated transport system, culminating in 1933 in the formation of London Transport.

This is the story of a now-disused branch of the Underground between Holborn and Aldwych. Although just a quarter of a mile long, it was a hopeless enterprise from the early 20th century beginnings and never covered its costs. For such a small stretch of railway, it has a surprisingly colourful history, especially during wartime and when its lengthy disused spaces have been used for experimental design work and film jobs. In an attempt to make something more of it, extension of the branch frequently beckoned but never came. The station at Aldwych and the running line to Holborn remain today, but not for passengers.

In August 2002, Mike Horn set out on a mission that bordered on the impossible: to travel 12,000 miles around the globe at the Arctic Circle - alone, against all prevailing winds and currents, and without motorized transportation. This is the gripping account of Horn's gruelling 27-month expedition by sail and by foot through extreme Arctic conditions that nearly cost him his life on numerous occasions. Enduring temperatures that ranged to as low as -95 degrees Fahrenheit, Horn battled hazards including shifting and unstable ice that gave way and plunged him into frigid waters, encounters with polar bears so close that he felt their breath on his face, severe frostbite in his fingers, and a fire that destroyed all of his equipment and nearly burned him alive. Complementing the sheer adrenaline of Horn's narrative are the isolated but touching human encounters the adventurer has with the hardy individuals who inhabit one of the remotest corners of the earth. From an Inuit who teaches him how to build an igloo to an elderly Russian left behind when the Soviets evacuated his remote Arctic town, Horn finds comaraderie, kindness, and assistance to help him survive the most unforgiving conditions. This awe-inspiring account is a page-turner in the vein of Jon Krakauer and a Arctic survival tale rivaling Jack London. Most of all, it's a testament to one man's unrelenting desire to push the boundaries of human endurance. MIKE HORN is a modern-day adventurer whose previous expeditions included traversing the Amazon river from source to sea, as well as circumnavigating the globe at the equator. Last winter, he and Borge Ousland, his expedition partner, became the first two people ever to completea solo journey to the North Pole entirely in winter. Mike is currently planning an expedition called "Seven Wonders," in which he will traverse each continent on foot and climb its highest peak. Born in South Africa, he is 39 years old and lives with his family in Switzerland.

This book examines perhaps the most contentious election in modern US history-the 2016 United States presidential election. It is unique in its discussion of a wide range of issues affecting the news media coverage of the election, coming from an equally diverse range of intellectual perspectives including the rhetorical, social-scientific, communication studies, and media studies. With eleven chapters grounded in hard evidence and communication theory, The 2016 American Presidential Campaign and the News: Implications for American Democracy and the Republic examines significant topics such as fake news, media construction of Hillary Clinton's and Donald Trump's campaign personalities, media bias, visual meme depictions of the candidates, identity politics in the news, Trump's Twitter use, entertainment news, and social media as news. These chapters individually and collectively provide a direct commentary on the implications of the 2016 campaign news coverage for the future of the American Republic and political communication in the media.

This book examines perhaps the most contentious election in modern US history-the 2016 United States presidential election. It is unique in its discussion of a wide range of issues affecting the news media coverage of the election, coming from an equally diverse range of intellectual perspectives including the rhetorical, social-scientific, communication studies, and media studies. With eleven chapters grounded in hard evidence and communication theory, The 2016 American Presidential Campaign and the News: Implications for American Democracy and the Republic examines significant topics such as fake news, media construction of Hillary Clinton's and Donald Trump's campaign personalities, media bias, visual meme depictions of the candidates, identity politics in the news, Trump's Twitter use, entertainment news, and social media as news. These chapters individually and collectively provide a direct commentary on the implications of the 2016 campaign news coverage for the future of the American Republic and political communication in the media.