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Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Early
detection and treatment can prevent its progression to avoid total
blindness. This book discusses and reviews current approaches for
detection and examines new approaches for diagnosing glaucoma using
CAD system. Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, Chapter 1
provides a brief introduction of the disease and current
methodology used to diagnose it today. Chapter 2 presents a review
of the medical background of the disease, followed by a theoretical
and mathematical background used in fundus image processing.
Chapter 3 is a literature review about segmentation and feature
extraction. Chapter 4 describes the formulation of the proposed
methodology. In Chapter 5, the results of optic disc and optic cup
segmentation algorithm are presented, the feature extraction and
selection method, experimental results and performance evaluations
of the classifier are given. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and
discussion of the future potential for the diagnostic system. This
book is intended for biomedical engineers, computer science
students, ophthalmologists and radiologists looking to develop a
reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for
detecting glaucoma and improve diagnosis of the disease. Key
Features Discusses a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis
system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and presents an algorithm that
detects optic disc and optic cup Assists ophthalmologists and
researchers to test a new diagnostic method that reduces the effort
and time of the doctors and cost to the patients Discusses
techniques to reduce human error and minimize the miss detection
rate and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment Presents
algorithms to detect cup and disc color, shape features and RNFL
texture features Dr. Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid is an assistant
professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sudan University
of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. Dr. Alnazier Osman
Mohammed Hamza is professor of Medical Imaging, College of
Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum,
Sudan.
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Early
detection and treatment can prevent its progression to avoid total
blindness. This book discusses and reviews current approaches for
detection and examines new approaches for diagnosing glaucoma using
CAD system. Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, Chapter 1
provides a brief introduction of the disease and current
methodology used to diagnose it today. Chapter 2 presents a review
of the medical background of the disease, followed by a theoretical
and mathematical background used in fundus image processing.
Chapter 3 is a literature review about segmentation and feature
extraction. Chapter 4 describes the formulation of the proposed
methodology. In Chapter 5, the results of optic disc and optic cup
segmentation algorithm are presented, the feature extraction and
selection method, experimental results and performance evaluations
of the classifier are given. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and
discussion of the future potential for the diagnostic system. This
book is intended for biomedical engineers, computer science
students, ophthalmologists and radiologists looking to develop a
reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for
detecting glaucoma and improve diagnosis of the disease. Key
Features Discusses a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis
system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and presents an algorithm that
detects optic disc and optic cup Assists ophthalmologists and
researchers to test a new diagnostic method that reduces the effort
and time of the doctors and cost to the patients Discusses
techniques to reduce human error and minimize the miss detection
rate and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment Presents
algorithms to detect cup and disc color, shape features and RNFL
texture features Dr. Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid is an assistant
professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sudan University
of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. Dr. Alnazier Osman
Mohammed Hamza is professor of Medical Imaging, College of
Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum,
Sudan.
Organic farming and good agricultural practices (G.A.P) intrigues
the concern of both consumers and producers of agricultural
commodities. Principally, such practices are based on the concept
of rationalizing agrochemical inputs and maximizing biological
activities in the plant-soil system. Bio-preparates (Biofertilizers
and Bio-pesticides) of various rhizobacteria are potential
candidates supporting plant nutrition and health. Their
applications are extensively experimented for prospective future
marketing and practicing. The book with its 7 chapters is providing
strong experimental evidences on the value add of using
agro-industrial effluents (Bakers' yeast, starch, sugar and olive
oil industries) and plant juices as accessible/economic substrates
for biomass production and formulation of bio-preparates of
rhizobacteria. The presented results of pot and field trials
strongly emphasize the importance of bio-preparates as a potential
practice for organic farming of field and vegetable crops under the
impoverished conditions of semi-arid deserts. The book is an
important resource for experts, researchers and students of
agriculture, biotechnology, organic farming and environment.
The rst goal of the livestock production is the delivery of safe
foods for human consumption taking into account the welfare of the
animal and respect for the environment. The poultry industry has
become an important economic activity in many countries. In
large-scale rearing facilities, where poultry are exposed to
stressful conditions, problems related to diseases and
deterioration of environmental conditions often occur and result in
serious economic losses. Prevention and control of diseases have
led during recent decades to a substantial increase in the use of
veterinary medicines. However, the utility of antimicrobial agents
as a preventive measure has been questioned, given extensive
documentation of the evolution of antimicrobial resistance among
pathogenic bacteria. So, the possibility of antibiotics ceasing to
be used as growth stimulants for poultry and the concern about the
side-effects of their use as therapeutic agents has produced a
climate in which both consumer and manufacturer are looking for
alternatives. Probiotics are being considered to fill this gap and
already some farmers are using them in preference to antibiotics.
No doubt exists concerning the economic impact of mycotoxins. The
studies evidenced that economic losses occur at all levels of food
and feed production, including crop and animal production,
processing, and distribution. Even during favorable climatic
periods, millions of dollars are lost as a consequence of crop
contamination .For all these reasons, prevention, decontamination,
and detoxification of mycotoxins have been considered issues of
great importance. Studies have never stopped to evaluate the
efficacy of the available detoxification methods and to develop
recent innovations in this field to reduce the bioavailability of
mycotoxins to poultry and farm animals. The present work is one of
these attempts which was designed to investigate;-the effectiveness
of using three anti-aflatoxic agents with different mode of
actions. When added to AF-contaminated diets singly or in
combination. The three agents investigated included; a)-Hydrated
sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSAS) as an adsorbent which
demonstrated a high affinity for aflatoxins, b)-Mannan
oligosaccharide (Bio-Mos(r)) as a biological derivative,
c)-c)-Radish extract as an antioxidant agent rich in peroxidase
enzy
Across the developing world the preceding decade or so has
witnessed a profound reconfiguration of the political economy of
urban policy. This new policy environment is driven by
globalization, the neo-liberal macro-economic package of 'market
enablement' and structural adjustment, which now form the dominant
development paradigm. The consequences of this approach for urban
development agendas and ultimately the lives and livelihoods of
millions of people across the globe are profound. Market Economy
and Urban Change explores and evaluates urban sector and
development policies in the context of market enablement, and the
associated instruments of structural adjustment, urban management
reform and 'good' governance. By articulating the linkages between
this neo-liberal development paradigm and the way different actors
in the urban sector enact policy responses, the book provides an
understanding of both the factors driving market enablement, and
its impacts on urban sector policies and programmes. With case
studies drawn from countries such as Egypt, Mexico, Kenya, Brazil,
Colombia and transitional economies, the book focuses in particular
on the implications for land, shelter and related sectoral policies
for poverty alleviation. By linking policy to practice, the book
seeks to inform policy-makers in governments, donor and
implementing agencies of the impact of shifts in the development
debate on urban sector strategies.
Across the developing world the preceding decade or so has
witnessed a profound reconfiguration of the political economy of
urban policy. This new policy environment is driven by
globalization, the neo-liberal macro-economic package of 'market
enablement' and structural adjustment, which now form the dominant
development paradigm. The consequences of this approach for urban
development agendas and ultimately the lives and livelihoods of
millions of people across the globe are profound. Market Economy
and Urban Change explores and evaluates urban sector and
development policies in the context of market enablement, and the
associated instruments of structural adjustment, urban management
reform and 'good' governance. By articulating the linkages between
this neo-liberal development paradigm and the way different actors
in the urban sector enact policy responses, the book provides an
understanding of both the factors driving market enablement, and
its impacts on urban sector policies and programmes. With case
studies drawn from countries such as Egypt, Mexico, Kenya, Brazil,
Colombia and transitional economies, the book focuses in particular
on the implications for land, shelter and related sectoral policies
for poverty alleviation. By linking policy to practice, the book
seeks to inform policy-makers in governments, donor and
implementing agencies of the impact of shifts in the development
debate on urban sector strategies.
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