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In the nineteenth and early-twentieth century it was assumed that nearly all agricultural labourers in medieval Europe were serfs. Serfdom was distinct from slavery in that serfs were recognized as something more than chattels. They could contract legitimate marriages, hold personal property and they could not be moved around at will. The fact that serfs were in many regions a minority of the peasant population, and the increasing importance given to social and economic circumstances over legal definitions led historians to move away from examining servile condition and its implications during much of the late twentieth century. Attention has instead focused on the seigneurial regime and village society with little regard for the influence of status. In the Middle Ages and indeed in all pre-industrial societies, the vast majority of the population tilled the land. We are still not in a good position to evaluate how noble and ecclesiastical landlords received revenues from lands they were only indirectly engaged in farming, thus there are important gaps in our knowledge of the basic factors that governed medieval society. What kind of agricultural system provided the impetus for economic growth that so dramatically increased the number of cities and volume of trade? There is no modern, synthetic book on medieval serfdom that compares regions or draws general conclusions about it. This work attempts such a synthesis and also shows avenues of future research, but most importantly it is intended to reorient attention to the importance of serfdom in the structure of medieval society.
Dieser Band enthalt Beitrage zu wichtigen Teildisziplinen der Namenforschung. Der Gewichtung zwischen Sprachforschung und Geschichtswissenschaften kommt in jungster Zeit grosse Bedeutung zu. Die Sektion bot die Moglichkeit des Dialogs, im Zentrum stand der Vergleich der Zielsetzungen und der Arbeitsmethoden. In den letzten Jahren hat die literarische Namenforschung einen beachtlichen Aufschwung erlebt. In dieser Sektion wurde anhand exemplarischer Untersuchungen ein Uberblick uber den Forschungsstand gegeben. Die Namenforschung war lange Zeit auf die Geschichte und die Theorie der Eigennamen konzentriert, das Thema Namenrecht blieb dabei weitgehend unbeachtet. Erst eine sozio- und pragmalinguistisch ausgerichtete Namenforschung lenkte den Blick auf den Zusammenhang Namenpraxis und Namenrecht. Diese Sektion Namenrecht bot erstmals ein Forum fur den Austausch zwischen beiden Disziplinen. Im Anhang sind einige ausgewahlte Beitrage des ICOS-Kongresses in Ann Arbor (1981), dessen Akten nie veroffentlicht wurden, abgedruckt."
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