Pakistan is facing an intense crisis in conventional energy resources. Utilization of unlimited solar energy will help in minimizing the dependency on conventional energy resources. The purpose of the study was to develop a high performance flat plate solar collector that would be used as a solar drier for various fruits and vegetables. A small scale flat plate solar collector (1.8 x 0.9 m) connected to a drying chamber was developed at the Department of Agricultural Mechanization, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar, Pakistan. Efficiency of collector was evaluated at seven air flow rates, one natural (0.57 kg.min-1) and six forced air flow rates (2.84, 5.68, 8.52, 11.37, 14.2 and 17.05kg.min-1) under three ambient temperatures of 20, 22 and 24oC. Results showed that flow rate significantly (P

The concept of two-phase sampling was first given by Neyman (1938), later on several simple and general regression and ratio estimators have been suggested, starting from Mohanty (1967), Srivastava (1970), Chand (1975), Kiregyera (1980, 84), Mukerjee et al. (1987), Srivastava et al.(1990), Roy (2003)and Samiuddin and Hanif (2006,07). Use of multi-auxiliary information for ratio and regression estimators, were considered, by Olkin (1958), Goswami and Sukhatme (1965), Raj (1965), Rao and Mudholkar (1967), Tripathi (1970, 1976), Tripathi and Ahmed (1995), Sen (1972), Tripathi (1987), Singh and Namjoshi (1988), Tripathi and Khattree (1989), Tripahi and Chaubey (1993), Ahmed (2003), Martin and Steven (2004) and Ahmad at el. (2008). In this monograph we have provided general classes of regression and ratio estimators for two-phase and multi-phase sampling using multi-auxiliary variables for estimating single as well as multiple variables of interest.The theoretical developments provided in this monograph can be useful in multipurpose surveys in which the problem is to estimate population means of several variables simultaneously in the field like agricultural, forestry etc.

Complete diallel mating design of five parents NIAB KRISHMA, SLS-1, MNH-513, BH-162 and LA.FREGOBRACTS-3159 were used in the crosses to study the inheritance pattern and combining ability for various plant traits such as plant height, number of monopodial branches, number of sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, seed cotton yield, boll weight, GOT, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance technique which shows significant results of all characters. The characters showing significant genotypic differences were further analyzed genetically following the diallel analysis which show that the regression co-efficient for all traits deviates significantly from zero but not from unity which reveals that data of all traits is free from epistasis. Varieties MNH-513 and NIAB Krishma show better results according to yield components and fiber characters due to having more dominant genes and better combining ability comparatively other varieties.

Pakistan's domestic edible oil production doesn't meet the need of the country. Annually about $1.5 billion is spent on its import to meet the demand. In this way, edible oil stood at the top in the import of food group and on number second after petroleum group in the total import. This huge drain on our hard-earned foreign exchange resources is a great challenge for our planners, agricultural scientists and extension workers. Any attempt to help in amelioration of this worsening situation is the need of the day. Among existing oilseed crops rapeseed/mustard and sunflower have assumed special position in the agriculture economy of Pakistan. Much of the research efforts have been directed towards the improvement of these oilseed crops. The book in hand can furnish baseline information and is highly recommended for every agricultural library.

Introduction has been given in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, history of two-phase sampling and some well-known estimators along with their mean square errors and biases are given. Some regression cum ratio product estimators proposed by Hanif et al. (2009, 2010) and Hamad and Hanif (2011) in single and two-phase sampling using two auxiliary variables are discussed in chapter 3 and 4. The empirical study of those estimators is undertaken in Chapter 5.

Use of auxiliary information has been extensively used in survey sampling to increase the precision of the estimates. Ratio and Regression methods are most popular methods that utilizes information of auxiliary attributes. The auxiliary information has also been used in two-phase sampling for estimation of population characteristics. In this book use of auxiliary attributes have been proposed in two-phase sampling. Several methods have been proposed by using information on auxiliary attributes. The generalized ratio and regression families have been suggested. We have also proposed the shrinkage estimators by using information of multiple auxiliary attributes.

Unequal Probability Sampling has been efficiently used for estimation of population characteristics. Several developments have been made from time to time to increase the precision of estimates. In this book we present some new methods of estimation in unequal probability sampling. Some selection procedures have been discussed for use with the Horvitz and Thompson (1952) estimator. We have also proposed a general selection procedure which yields several selection procedures as special case. We have also discussed the method of developing the approximations for variance formulae for Horvitz and Thompson (1952) estimator. Some new estimators have been discussed alongside their design and model based study. The empirical comparison of proposed techniques has also been given with some well known estimation techniques of unequal probability sampling.

Islamic Finance is classified objectively as Sharia based (risk and reward sharing) and Sharia compliant (asset based financing). Practice of Islamic banking witnesses the focus of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) on Sharia compliant products (Murabaha, Leasing, Salam and diminishing Musharaka). Share of Sharia based financing (Musharaka and Mudaraba) in portfolios of IFIs is negligible. This study was intended to evaluate the suitability of existing business and accounting frame work for application of Sharia based financing. Findings suggest that existing business and accounting frame work is not conducive for application of equity financing. Loopholes in accounting frame work, dominance of conventional banking, weaker audit institution, riskiness of equity financing,lack of trust and confidence in Musharaka Partner, higher taxes, lack of awareness, lack of skilled human resource and profit manipulation behavior of business firms are identified as hurdles in the popularity of Sharia based financing. Prime difference of conventional and Islamic finance is risk and reward sharing hence application of Sharia based financing is vital for success of IFIs.

This book intended to cover the overview of unequal probability sampling and Generalization of Murthy's (1957) estimator. The researcher in the field of survey sampling can get benefit from this book. This book covers an overview of the unequal probability sampling, work done for Horvitz and Thompson (1952), Raj(1956) and Murthy (1957) estimators. Simulation and Empirical studies are conducted to discuss the performance of various available estimators for unequal probability sampling.

Researchers in serious games area and professionals in stroke rehabilitation, working collaboratively in explorative interdisciplinary research studies in order to develop usable and effective applications. This research study aims to investigate the role and usefulness of Video Capture Virtual Reality Technology (VCVRT) in motor impairment rehabilitation, to identify and explore the importance of this technology in healthcare, specifically in motor impairment rehabilitation. The authors concluded from the research study that video capture virtual reality technology is applicable for motor impairment rehabilitation while considering following factors, i.e. Physiotherapist centered approach, a gaming framework where a portfolio of games can be assembled for individual patients, and video capture virtual reality technology is applicable for home based rehabilitation under the supervision of physiotherapist. Furthermore, physiotherapists' concerns and importance in the intervention of serious games and healthcare area are highlighted by this research work.

The problem of sampling with probability proportonal to a size measure and with some control over the probabilities of joint selection of pair's of units has a history that goes back to about 1943.It is also well known that the problems related to sampling witout replacement with unequal probabilities have attracted and continue to attract the attention of many scholars and statisticians especially in recent years. In this monograph extensive dealing to design based and model based has been coverd. Some new estimators have been suggested to solve many problems. Most important point which has discussed is recommendation for users.