The book covers various issues related to machinery condition monitoring, signal processing and conditioning, instrumentation and measurements, faults for induction motors failures, new trends in condition monitoring, and the fault identification process using motor currents electrical signature analysis. It aims to present a new non-invasive and non-intrusive condition monitoring system, which has the capability to detect various defects in induction motor at incipient stages within an arbitrary noise conditions. The performance of the developed system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally under various loading conditions of the motor. Covers current and new approaches applied to fault diagnosis and condition monitoring. Integrates concepts and practical implementation of electrical signature analysis. Utilizes LabVIEW tool for condition monitoring problems. Incorporates real-world case studies. Paves way a technology potentially for prescriptive maintenance via IIoT.

The reliability of induction motors is a major requirement in many industrial applications. It is especially important where an unexpected breakdown might result in the interruption of critical services such as military operations, transportation, aviation, and medical applications. Advanced Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Electric Machines is a collection of innovative research on various issues related to machinery condition monitoring, signal processing and conditioning, instrumentation and measurements, and new trends in condition monitoring. It also pays special attention to the fault identification process. While highlighting topics including spectral analysis, electrical engineering, and bearing faults, this book is an ideal reference source for electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, researchers, and graduate-level students seeking current research on various methods of maintaining machinery.

The reliability of induction motors is a major requirement in many industrial applications. It is especially important where an unexpected breakdown might result in the interruption of critical services such as military operations, transportation, aviation, and medical applications. Advanced Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Electric Machines is a collection of innovative research on various issues related to machinery condition monitoring, signal processing and conditioning, instrumentation and measurements, and new trends in condition monitoring. It also pays special attention to the fault identification process. While highlighting topics including spectral analysis, electrical engineering, and bearing faults, this book is an ideal reference source for electrical engineers, mechanical engineers, researchers, and graduate-level students seeking current research on various methods of maintaining machinery.

Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral infection worldwide. Over half of the world's population live in areas at risk of dengue infection. The disease is transmitted principally by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Dengue Outbreaks were recorded in all countries of the Indian Subcontinent with Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka resulting in huge number of cases and deaths. It is a disease caused by four serotypes of a same virus i.e. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4. In all major outbreaks, DENV2 and DENV3 were recorded as dominating and disastrous serotypes in the region. Climate is a vital factor influencing DF outbreaks; temperature, humidity, rainfall and flood play a fundamental role in DF outbreaks, as providing optimum conditions for vector population growth.Presently, prime prevention of dengue is possible only with vector control and personal protection from the bites of infected mosquitoes.

One hundred cases of various types of angina pectoris in two hospitals of Narowal during September 2008 to January 2009 had been analyzed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of angina pectoris, and effects of various risk factors. The analysis shows that silent angina pectoris were more prevalent (79%, n=79/100), and painful angina pectoris were less prevalent (21%, n=21/100). About 56% cases reported, belong to the age class 41-60 years with a higher incidence of silent angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is more prevalent in females (65.00%) as compared to males (35.00%). In relation to various risk factors, silent angina pectoris is the most prevalent. The mortality rate in this sample due to angina pectoris is 12.00%.

Pakistan is in the race of economic development like other developing countries, and has consumed a lot amount of energy to run her economic cycle. Almost 54% out of total primary energy consumption depends on oil and gas, which contributes more CO2 emission after coal in environment. Therefore, energy consumption is the major cause of environmental pollution. The government of Pakistan like that of other developing countries would never think to mitigate the climate change at the expense of its economic growth. This issue is more sensitive in nature that is going to explore the relationship between climate change, energy consumption and economic growth in case of Pakistan. The EKC curve hypothesis which does not exist in case of Pakistan, tells us that the pollutants are increasing with increasing trend but no yet turning point exists. The government should have to put some efforts in order to reduce and control the air pollution by identification and evaluation of GHG emissions by area and their types of GHG pollutants. The internal emission targets and devises strategies should be met the Kyoto Protocol mitigation goals.

The design of bridges is a unique art as they are expected to carry moving loads compared to the statically loaded structures. Mere training in code procedures and special design skills are inadequate for successful professional practice. Thorough understanding of basic concepts and response characteristics of various structural elements is necessary for professional bridge designers. This book encompasses the manual and computer aided design of prestressed concrete bridges. Besides explaining the detailed design procedures for designing various components of prestressed concrete girder bridge; this book also focuses on the basic concepts and definitions of various bridge components. The theory of prestressing with its merits and demerits is also discussed in detail. The manual design procedure of different members of prestressed concrete bridges is explained in a comprehensive and step-by-step manner. Illustrations are used to explain the computer aided design method. The design and analysis results are compared in the end and discussions are made in order to explain the reasons for possible discrepancies.

This book provides a compact knowledge about practical applications of bioinformatic approaches to understand the structure and function of a protein- Rhodesian which is found in visual pigment of eye and responsible for controlling night vision. Its structure has been predicted by comparative homology modelling and model evaluation through various tools. The electron density maps of retinal isomers and structure of rhodopsin intermediates were analyzed by structure superimposition. On the basis of structural analysis of thirteen mutations for Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa, one of the missense mutation has been targeted to propose a drug to cure night blindness. The molecular docking technique has also been used to predict ligand interactions with rhodopsin. It is hoped that this will provide new insights into structural and functional exploration of proteins which will be helpful in understanding various vital phenomena like protein activation and inhibition, drug interactions and protein signaling.

Xylanases (endo-1, 4- -D-xylan xylanohydrolse; EC 3.2.1.8) is a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, the major constituent of hemicellulose, which is second to cellulose in abundance in plant cell wall. Xylanases are produced by a variety of microorganism such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and yeast which are cultivated in solid and submerged fermentations. Fungi are the most common sources of xylanases which can produce thermophilic enzyme in fermentation process. Xylanases have potential applications in various fields like bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry (brightening of the pulp to avoid the chlorine free bleaching operations), hydrolyzed the xylan component from wood which facilitate in removal of lignin, in baking industries and in animal feed industry. This enzyme produced can be utilized in saccharification for ethanol production. This study is focused on optimization of cultural and nutritional parameters on xylanase production by Trichoderma viride in solid state fermentation using agricultural wastes as a substrate.

Cellulases are a group of enzymes which can effectively degrade the cellulose, thus converting into glucose units which are further fermented by Sacchromyces cervisae into ethanol. These cellulases are produced by a variety of organisms like insects, bacteria and fungi. Fungi are the most potent producers of cellulases in both submerged and solid state fermentation processes. Generaly, cllulase production from fungi is time taking process i.e. their single batch is mostly completed in six to seven days of fermentation period. To overcome this long time span an attempt was made to produce cellulase from bacterial species. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify the cellulose degrading bacteria from soil samples.

Enzymes are biological catalysts which accelerate the chemical reactions in living things without being consumed. A catalyst is a material which builds a chemical reaction goes faster, without itself being altered. A catalyst can be utilized again and again in a chemical reaction: it is available again for same function. Enzymes are exceptionally the same apart from that they are simply denatured by heating. This book discussed about the history of enzymes, Production criteria, biotechnology, classification, Kinetics and Enzyme applications. Enzyme biotechnology involves the utilization of microorganisms such as yeast, mold or bacteria, and enzymes to make goods and services is a promising field in modern biotechnology. I am looking forward to work in a professional and competitive environment where It can put my best efforts, hard work and skills to bring up the organization and myself too. I am also a life long learner and am determined to become a knowledge professional for keeping abreast with changing technology.

This book explores the interaction of Eugene O' Neill's characters with their living space which includes their interaction with the audience, the world outside that they envision through the opening of a window or a door; and their interaction with every object that is present on stage. This interaction does have a psychological and metaphysical impact on the characters. Even the costumes they wear and the books that they possess have a specific purpose. These unleash the mood and the psychological outlook of the characters. A mere change in costume often tells us about the change in psychological outlook. The objective of this book is to explore this psychological and metaphysical outlook of the characters in selected plays of O' Neill. The first chapter gives a detailed introduction of the research work. In second chapter, O'Neill's use of dramatic space is explored. The third chapter focuses on metaphysical interaction of characters with their space and the fourth chapter entails psychological impact.

Self organization is a natural way of arranging the things. All the forces in nature have a tendency to arrange the things in a well patterned and ordered way. The devices fabricated by self organization of nanoparticles show very interesting electrical and optical characteristics which can be controlled by precisely changing the structure of layer stacks and properties of the materials used. In this book the multilayer devices fabricated by layer-by-layer self assembly process using colloidal Au( 20nm) and ZnS( 30nm) nanoparticles are discussed. A remarkable improvement in the electrical and optical properties of deposited layers can be brought by controlling the pH of the colloidal solutions and deposited films using buffer solutions during the assembly process. This book also covers the complex conduction phenomena in these devices by discussing the similarities between the onset voltage and current values of different sized array structures. The experimental results in this book may act a guideline for engineers and scientists in the field of Microelectronics for exploring future fabrication techniques of electronic circuits and devices.

In this challenging economical era of Internet and Globalization, the need for more and more data distribution to different users on various types of networks in short time and at a nominal cost has also been amplified drastically. The widespread growth of the World Wide Web has made information easy to disseminate and distribute over a network of computer networks i-e Internet. Content Distribution Network (CDN) is a system of computers holding copies of data, placed at different nodes in a network in order to maximize bandwidth for access to the data from clients throughout the network. A client accesses a copy of the data near to the client, as opposed to all clients accessing the same central server, so as to avoid bottleneck near that server. Content Distribution Networks encompass so many benefits such as dynamic routing and efficient distribution of content to reduce user delay. CDN provides users their requested content from the fastest point of presence no matter where in the world they are located.