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PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science provides a comprehensive
account of the latest trends and developments of omics technologies
or approaches and their applications in plant science. Thirty
chapters written by 90 experts from 15 countries are included in
this state-of-the-art book. Each chapter describes one topic/omics
such as: omics in model plants, spectroscopy for plants, next
generation sequencing, functional genomics, cyto-metagenomics,
epigenomics, miRNAomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics,
lipidomics, secretomics, phenomics, cytomics, physiomics,
signalomics, thiolomics, organelle omics, micro morphomics,
microbiomics, cryobionomics, nanotechnology, pharmacogenomics, and
computational systems biology for plants. It provides up to date
information, technologies, and their applications that can be
adopted and applied easily for deeper understanding plant biology
and therefore will be helpful in developing the strategy for
generating cost-effective superior plants for various purposes. In
the last chapter, the editors have proposed several new areas in
plant omics that may be explored in order to develop an integrated
meta-omics strategy to ensure the world and earth's health and
related issues. This book will be a valuable resource to students
and researchers in the field of cutting-edge plant omics.
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy and development of
Pakistan providing food to consumers, raw materials to industries,
and a market for industrial goods. Unfortunately, agricultural
production is stagnant due to several barriers including a fixed
cropping pattern, reliance on a few major crops, a narrow genetic
pool, poor seed quality, and a changing climate. In addition, the
high cost of production, weak phytosanitary compliance mechanisms,
and a lack of cold chain facilities makes Pakistan agriculturally
uncompetitive in export markets. Despite all these issues,
agriculture is the primary industry in Pakistan and small farmers
continue to dominate the business. Small farmers grow crops for
subsistence under a fixed cropping pattern and a holistic approach
is required to develop agriculture to improve the livelihoods of
the rural populace. This book presents an exhaustive look at
agriculture in Pakistan. Chapters provide critical analyses of
present trends, inadequacies in agriculture, strategic planning,
improvement programs and policies while keeping in view the natural
resources, plant- and animal-related agricultural production
technologies, input supplies, population planning, migration and
poverty, and balanced policies on finance, credit, marketing, and
trade.
Applied Molecular Biotechnology: The Next Generation of Genetic
Engineering explains state-of-the-art advances in the rapidly
developing area of molecular biotechnology, the technology of the
new millennium. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts
in their respective fields, this authoritative reference text:
Highlights the latest omics-based tools and approaches used in
modern biotechnology Explains how various molecular biology
technologies can be used to develop transgenic plants and how those
plants can meet growing food and plant-derived product demands
Discusses chloroplast gene expression systems, mitochondrial omics,
plant functional genomics, and whole-genome resequencing for crop
improvement Explores plant-microbe and plant-insect interactions
affecting plant protection and productivity Covers animal models,
pharmacogenomics, human tissue banking, and the molecular diagnosis
of diseases such as cervical cancer, obesity, and diabetes Examines
the molecular aspects of viral diseases, production of industrial
commodities using viral biotechnology, and biotechnological uses of
magnetic nanoparticles Describes the use of biotechnology in the
food, chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental conservation, and
renewable energy sectors Applied Molecular Biotechnology: The Next
Generation of Genetic Engineering serves as a springboard for new
discoveries in molecular biology and its applications. Thus, this
book is an invaluable resource for students and researchers of
molecular biotechnology.
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy and development of
Pakistan providing food to consumers, raw materials to industries,
and a market for industrial goods. Unfortunately, agricultural
production is stagnant due to several barriers including a fixed
cropping pattern, reliance on a few major crops, a narrow genetic
pool, poor seed quality, and a changing climate. In addition, the
high cost of production, weak phytosanitary compliance mechanisms,
and a lack of cold chain facilities makes Pakistan agriculturally
uncompetitive in export markets. Despite all these issues,
agriculture is the primary industry in Pakistan and small farmers
continue to dominate the business. Small farmers grow crops for
subsistence under a fixed cropping pattern and a holistic approach
is required to develop agriculture to improve the livelihoods of
the rural populace. This book presents an exhaustive look at
agriculture in Pakistan. Chapters provide critical analyses of
present trends, inadequacies in agriculture, strategic planning,
improvement programs and policies while keeping in view the natural
resources, plant- and animal-related agricultural production
technologies, input supplies, population planning, migration and
poverty, and balanced policies on finance, credit, marketing, and
trade.
Livestock has a great significance in the development of economic
conditions of a country. In Pakistan the share of Livestock sector
is approximately 53.2 percent in the agriculture value and 11.4
percent in national GDP during 2009-10. While other development
sector experienced saturation and decline, there is trend in
increase of livestock population in 2009-10. Total number of
buffaloes and cattle is 30.8 and 34.3 millions respectively in
Pakistan (Anonymous, 2009-10). The number of buffaloes and cattle
is 14.4 and 17.8 millions respectively in Punjab province
(Anonymous, 2006). Punjab is a home of highly specialized
tropical/subtropical buffaloes and cattle breeds. Those animals
suffer from a number of diseases. Ketosis is one of them, define as
metabolic disorder and it is managmental influenced cows disease
during the early lactation period.
Calf mortality rate in 2007 in Peshawar (Pakistan) was 17.98% (Khan
et al., 2007). Major causes of mortality of neonatal calves were
the conditions like diarrhea and pneumonia (Khan et al., 2009,
Shimizu and Nagatoma 1978). The neonatal calf mortality in the
first month of age is more than 80% of the total mortality in
calves (Jenny et al., 1981). Mortality in calves was found due to
the conditions e.g. Feeding practices, managemental practices,
weather conditions, bacterial and viral infections especially those
causing septicemia, diarrhea and enteritis (Blood et al., 1994).The
etiology of neonatal calf diarrhea involves a variety of
infectious, nutritional, immunological and environmental factors.
Many of the infectious agents have been isolated and identified
from the feces and tissues of diarrheic calves but the relative
importance of each one has not been established. Recently,
infections of individual calves and herds with multiple
enteropathogens have been described (Acres et al 1977; Moren
M.1974; Brown et al 1973).
Contribution of livestock is about % of agriculture value and 11.4
% to the national GDP ith a total number of animals of million.In
Pakistan the trend of extensive farming is common and has open
grazing in the feild. Most of the farmers have up to 6 number of
animals while sixteen percent farmers have more than 6 nimals.
Gastrointestinal parasites are very common in sheep because of
their open grazing and watering habbits. Parasites cause the
economic losses and considered one of the most common infections.
Mastitis is the inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary glands;
it is characterized by a range of physical and chemical changes in
the glandular tissues. It is an important disease of cattle and
buffaloes. In Pakistan, during the year 2005-06, Cattle population
was 25.5 millions, while buffalo's population was 28.4 million.
Within the livestock sector, milk is the largest and the single
most important commodity. Despite decades of neglect, Pakistan is
the fifth largest milk producer in the world (Anonymous, 2006).
Production of high-quality milk is a high-priority issue for dairy
farmers and milk processors. The investigation of mastitis problems
on dairy farms is an area of increasing demand and is an ideal way
for veterinary practitioners to increase involvement in production
medicine programs (Ruegg, 2003). The prevalence of mastitis was
significantly higher in the early lactation stage than in the
mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation
on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and
in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with
parity number (Dego and Tareke, 2003).
Poultry industry is an important portion of the livestock sector
contributing in the national economy and the current status of
Pakistan poultry industry is about Rs. 100 billion. There are about
25,000 poultry farms in the country. Poultry sector generates
employment & income for about twelve hundred thousand people.
Its growth rate is 10- 12% annually. Pakistan is producing 10,000
million table eggs & 750 thousand metric tons chicken meat
annually. The per capita consumption of meat is 7 kg & 60-65
eggs annually (Anonymous, 2008) but unfortunately so many threats
& fatal diseases i.e. bacterial, viral, fungal & parasitic
diseases are still disturbing the industry. Among parasitic
diseases, coccidiosis is one of the most important hazard. It is
the disease of poultry caused by an obligate microscopic protozoan
parasite, which belongs to the genus Eimeria (phylum Apicomplexa).
Seven Eimeria species have been recognized infecting chicken: E.
acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. brunette, E. necatrix, E.
mitis & E. praecox.
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Cyanide Toxicity (Paperback)
Muhammad Avais, Muhammad Sarwar Khan, Kamran Ashraf
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R1,942
Discovery Miles 19 420
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Cyanide is widely distributed in the ecosystem and has been linked
with lethal effects in animals as well as humans. Cyanide toxicity
may be the result of intake from food sources, environmental
pollution, intentional ingestion, chemical warfare, occupational
exposure, homicide, and sometimes through the use of drugs like
nitroprusside and laetrile.Cyanide intake has been linked to
central nervous system syndromes and thyroid in animals as well as
humans. This book covers the following aspects. 1) cyanogenic
potential of various sorghum species. 2) cyanide levels in blood
samples of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats feeding on cyanogenic
plants. 3)new simple, reliable and inexpensive assay to determine
CN levels in blood samples. 4)efficacy of various antidotes against
cyanide toxicity. 5) effects of cyanide toxicity on hematological
and biochemical panel. 6) postmortem lesions and histopathological
changes associated with cyanide toxicity in various organs. 6)
alterations in tissue oxygenation and metabolic variables during
acute cyanide toxicity."
Donkeys are extremely valuable animals in Pakistan because they are
increasingly used in transportation of goods, cultivation of lands
and are one of the cheapest sources of labour. Donkeys are
extremely important as their use is much more in transportation and
labour as compared to horses. Donkeys have a major socio-economic
importance in many areas. Despite the advancement in mechanization,
donkeys are still the "beasts of burden." Under smallholder farming
system, donkeys are the most precious, suitable and economical
animals, because they can be used in areas with coarse topography
and underdeveloped roads. Strongylosis is one of the most important
diseases of equines. Diarrhoea, anorexia, weight loss and marked
anaemia are the clinical signs in infected animals resulting in
huge mortality. The mixed strongyle infections are common in
donkeys with clinical signs including anaemia, diarrhea and
unthriftness.
Ovine theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease of sheep in
the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, caused by
Theileria hirci (T. lestoquardi). The disease is economically
important in small ruminants, particularly in sheep, causing
clinical illness and mortalities in Middle East, west Asia, Indian
subcontinent, parts of Africa and Mediterranean Basin. The present
study was done to determine the infection rate of theileriosis in
Lohi sheep and to investigate an economical and effective remedy
for this protozoal problem. Another object was to study the effect
of this disease on various blood parameters. A total of 400 sheep
were examined for the presence of Thieleria in blood smears.
Clinical signs were recorded and lymph node biopsy smears were also
examined. On the basis of Giemsa stained blood smears, 16.5% sheep
were found positive of which 65.1% were clinically symptomatic and
showed schizonts of thielerial parasite in their lymphocytes. For
treatment buparvaquone was found to better (90% success rate) than
oxytetracycline (30% success rate).
Applied Molecular Biotechnology: The Next Generation of Genetic
Engineering explains state-of-the-art advances in the rapidly
developing area of molecular biotechnology, the technology of the
new millennium. Comprised of chapters authored by leading experts
in their respective fields, this authoritative reference text:
Highlights the latest omics-based tools and approaches used in
modern biotechnology Explains how various molecular biology
technologies can be used to develop transgenic plants and how those
plants can meet growing food and plant-derived product demands
Discusses chloroplast gene expression systems, mitochondrial omics,
plant functional genomics, and whole-genome resequencing for crop
improvement Explores plant-microbe and plant-insect interactions
affecting plant protection and productivity Covers animal models,
pharmacogenomics, human tissue banking, and the molecular diagnosis
of diseases such as cervical cancer, obesity, and diabetes Examines
the molecular aspects of viral diseases, production of industrial
commodities using viral biotechnology, and biotechnological uses of
magnetic nanoparticles Describes the use of biotechnology in the
food, chemical, pharmaceutical, environmental conservation, and
renewable energy sectors Applied Molecular Biotechnology: The Next
Generation of Genetic Engineering serves as a springboard for new
discoveries in molecular biology and its applications. Thus, this
book is an invaluable resource for students and researchers of
molecular biotechnology.
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