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The volume focuses on novel and effective biological and
biotechnological methods for managing major plant parasitic
nematodes in economically important agricultural crops. Nematodes
develop a wide variety of interactions with soil microbes and host
plants, and cause enormous losses in crop yields equivalent to
around USD 173 billion annually. In view of growing concern for
pesticide contamination in crops, coupled with ban on several
efficacious pesticides, and increasing demand for organic foods,
the biological and biotechnological approaches offer a good
alternative to chemicals for managing nematode infestations in
agricultural crops. The book embodies twenty-two chapters which are
arranged in two groups. The first group covers different novel
methods of nematode management such as biotechnological,
biopesticides, microbial consortia, host resistance, omics
technology, transgenics, nano-nematicides, nano-diagnosis, etc. The
second groups of chapters describe important nematode problems in
major crops such as cereals, vegetables, pulses, spices, wood
yielding conifers, etc. Overall, the book collates the latest
information on above topics and offers practical solutions to the
limitations and challenges in the existing management technologies.
This book is of interest and serves up-to-date and elaborated
information to agriculture researchers, teachers, scientists,
under-graduates, post-graduates, plant nematologists, plant
pathologists, plant protectionists, agronomists, horticulturalists,
helminthologists, extension workers, and NGOs. Â
Nematode Diseases of Crops and their Sustainable Management focuses
on methods to recognize and identify nematode attackers in
agriculturally important crops, offering ecologically sustainable
and economically viable strategies and measures for the management
of nematode infestations and diseases. The book analyzes nematode
pests as major constraints in global crop production and explores
the limitations of existing nematode management technologies. It
offers comprehensive information through individually focused
chapters on major nematode problems in internationally important
food, fiber and beverage crops as well as in mushrooms, polyhouse
agriculture and forest flora with regard to distribution, and much
more. In view of the highly damaging nature of the disease
complexes and complexity in their management, independent chapters
on nematode-fungus and nematode-bacteria disease complexes and
their management are also presented.
Plant parasitic nematodes are major pests of agricultural crops and
cause huge monetary losses. There is a very high risk of spread of
plant-parasitic nematodes from one country to another, with the
movement of plants and planting materials such as seeds, bulbs,
corms, suckers, tubers, rhizomes, rooted plants, nursery stock and
cut flowers. In view of the large quantities and the wide variety
of materials being imported and exported, it is important to assess
the status of invasive nematodes and their quarantine importance in
relation to agricultural trade. This book contains information on
around 100 invasive nematodes and their potential threat in
different countries. Each nematode entry includes information on
authentic identification, geographical distribution, risk of
introduction, host ranges, symptoms, biology, ecology, planting
material liable to carry the nematode(s), nematode vectors, chance
of establishment, likely impact, and phytosanitary measures. There
are detailed accounts of diagnosis procedures including sampling,
isolation, detection and identification of nematodes based on
morphological and molecular characters. The book offers a global
perspective on invasive plant-parasitic nematodes and useful for
practitioners, professionals, scientists, researchers, students,
and government officials working in plant quarantine and
biosecurity.
This study has demonstrated that biological management of wilt,
root-knot and disease complex can be successfully achieved with the
application of the three developed biopesticides viz., Biowilt-X,
Bionem-X and Biocomp-X and gives special focus on their deployment
on a commercial scale. The used strians of biocontrol agents were
found highly tolerant to the fungicides such as carbendazim
(bavistin 50 WP), mancozeb (dithane M-45 75 WP), metalaxyl (apron
35 SD), captan (captaf 50 WP) and thiram (TMTD 75 WP) commonly used
by farmers in India. Hence pesticidal contamination in soil will
not affect their effectivenes. This has broadened the use of the
present biopesticides in conjugation with pesticides under
integrated disease management. The cost of the newly produced
biopesticides is estimated Rs. 45/500 g pack (equivalent to US $
1.0) which is much less than the cost of contemporary biopesticides
available in the Indian market. Hence application cost of
biopesticide for 1 hectare comes around Rs 100 (US $ 2.0) which is
well affordable to small and poor farmers of India and other
developing countries.
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