The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) is functional ingredients of a drug that acts against diseases. In other words, the active ingredient(s) in a drug or medicine are the substances that produce intended pharmacologic effects which might be positive or negative. The quality and safety of the drugs depends on API and new chemical entity development entirely depends on it. Most of the pharmaceutical industries buy API from other manufacturing units. Therefore, it becomes mandatory to check quality of APIs and other raw materials. In the present study, assessment of the level of APIs in local drugs and microbial quality of water used in Pakistani pharmaceutics were studied. The present study found that twelve (n=12) drugs being analyzed for their APIs concentration were within acceptable level. These drugs include mefenamic acid, pyrental pamoate, lignocaine hydrochlorid, ephedrine hydrochloride, cimetidine, aspirin, metronidazole, salbutamol, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, benzyl benzoate and dexamethasone.The obtained results were statistical different for different drugs (P 0.05). However, no significant differences were found within drugs groups."

Apolipoproteins B/A1 are protein components of antherogenic and non antherogenicparticles. At the moment, measurement of LDL and HDL in various combinations is in practice for diagnosis of atherosclerotic CAD. But studies have proved that measurement of their protein components is much better, cost effective, error free and standardize. the current cross sectional analytical study has confirmed that Apo B/A1 ratio is much better biochemical indicator and people with obesity, high hip to waist ratio and other known risk factors for CAD can be better identified for future risk of CAD by measuring their Apo B/A1 ratio specially in men, however value 1.8 rather than 0.9 can be more useful. Therefore all old age men with known risk factor must immediately be monitored and given lipid lowering drugs for prevention of developing CAD.

The story in this book is about a biologically potent new ligand monobutylphthalate which has been synthesized by the ring opening reaction of phthalic anhydride with butanol using dean stalk trap. Eight transition metal complexes have been synthesized from this novel ligand in 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometry. The geometry of the resulting complexes was proposed through IR spectroscopy. Ligand and complexes were than subjected to various bacteria and fungi in order to establish their biological activity. Results reveal that the ligand and complexes exhibit significant to promising activity against all type of bacteria and fungi. This monograph is equally beneficial for both beginners and also ideal for experts