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Metals by virtue of their amount in living system are non toxic
rather helping in several physiological functions. However, when
they are accumulated at a level beyond the permissible limits are
declared toxic and injurious to health of plants and human beings.
Samples of food grains (Wheat, Rice, Maize) alongwith soil and
underground water of 12-sites were collected from six districts of
Punjab (Pakistan). The materials were tested metal concentrations
by using most advance analytical technique ICP-OES. The highest
values of metals in under-ground Water were (4.08 K), (51.59 Na),
(1.122 Li), (501.0 Ca), (13.15 Mg), (0.00 Be), (2.72Al), (0.049As),
(0.061 Co), (0.111 Pb), ( 0.019 Cd), (0.220 Ni), (0.120 Cr), (0.202
Mn), (0.202 Zn), (7.110 Fe), (0.231Cu) and (0.029 Se) ug ml . The
sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values for all water samples were
normal and within the permissible limits. The highest values of
metals in soil were (215 K), (935 Na), (0.780 Li), (6019 Ca),
(58.00 Mg), (0.00 Be), (0.760 Al), (0.012 As), (0.093 Co), (1.010
Pb), (0.921 Cd), (0.721 Ni), (0.230 Cr), (11.17 Mn), (0.990 Zn),
(239.0 Fe), (3.100 C
This Book describes the synthesis, crystal structure determination,
antibacterial, antifungal, Brine-Shrimp Cytotoxocity assay and DPPH
antioxidants studies of a range of new N- & O-Sulphonated
derivatives of tyrosine. The targeted compounds were prepared by
the reaction of Tyrosine with different sulfonyl chlorides via
different synthesis schemes from moderate to excellent yields. The
final products were extensively screened to investigate their
antibacterial and antifungal potentials. All the derivatives were
found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus
luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus broncistepica, Salmonella
typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. These Derivative did not
show any bioactivity against fungal strains such as Mucor species,
Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and
Fusarium solani. The targeted compounds were also subjected to
Brine-Shrimp cytotoxic studies. Only one compound showed good
cytotoxic activity while other derivatives exhibit no activity at
all.Antioxidant potential of these derivatives was investigated by
DPPH Assay. All compounds showed excellent antioxidant activities.
This book deals with cloning of maltase gene of Bacillus
licheniformis in Escherichia coli. During the course of study,
genomic DNA isolation from Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 14580
has been followed by the amplification of maltase gene using a pair
of specific forward and reverse primers under optimized PCR
parameters. The DNA isolated from Bacillus licheniformis was used
as a template and followed amplification, PCR product was purified
using Novagen gene kit. T4 DNA ligase was used to ligate the
purified PCR product with cloning vector pTZ57R/T. Escherichia coli
strain DH5 was used for transformation. Competent cells prepared
from Escherichia coli DH5 were then transformed with cloning vector
pTZ57R/T. Colony PCR was performed by using cloned Escherichia coli
strain as template for amplification. Recombinant plasmid was
isolated by alkaline lysis method. Each step was followed by
agarose gel electrophoresis to examine the particular nature of
genomic DNA, maltase gene and recombinant plasmid. The particular
location of bands on gel, observed in gel documentation system,
confirmed the success of each step performed."
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