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The circle method, pioneered by Ramanujan and Hardy in the early
20th century, has over the past 100 years become part of the
standard tool chest of analytic number theory. Its scope of
applications is ever-expanding, and the subject continues to see
important breakthroughs. This book provides an introduction to the
circle method that is accessible to undergraduate students with no
background in number theory. The authors' goal is to show the
students the elegance of the circle method and at the same time
give a complete solution of the famous Waring problem as an
illustration of the method. The first half of this book is a
curated introduction to elementary number theory with an emphasis
on topics needed for the second half. The second half showcases the
two most ""classic"" applications of the circle method, to Waring's
problem (following Hardy-Littlewood-Hua) and to Goldbach's
conjectures (following Vinogradov, with improvements by Vaughan).
This text is suitable for a one-semester undergraduate course or
for independent study and will be a great entry point into this
fascinating area of research.
Originally published in 1955. The Madhyamika philosophy is, in the
author's view, the philosophy which created a revolution in
Buddhism and through that in the whole range of Indian philosophy.
This volume is a study of the Madhyamika philosophy in all its
important aspects and is divided into three parts: Historical: this
traces the origin and development of the Madhyamika philosophy. The
second part concentrates on a full and critical exposition of the
Madhyamika philosophy, the structure of its dialectic, its
conception of the Absolute and its ethics and religion. The last
part of the book compares the Madhyamika with some of the
well-known dialectical systems of the West (Kant, Hegel and
Bradley) and undertakes a short study of the different absolutisms
(Madhyamika, Vijnanavada and the Vedanta).
Light water reactors (LWRs) are the predominant class of nuclear
power reactors in operation today; however, ageing and degradation
can influence both their performance and lifetime. Knowledge of
these factors is therefore critical to safe, continuous operation.
Materials ageing and degradation in light water reactors provides a
comprehensive guide to prevalent deterioration mechanisms, and the
approaches used to handle their effects.
Part one introduces fundamental ageing issues and degradation
mechanisms. Beginning with an overview of ageing and degradation
issues in LWRs, the book goes on to discuss corrosion in
pressurized water reactors and creep deformation of materials in
LWRs. Part two then considers materials ageing and degradation in
specific LWR components. Applications of zirconium alloys in LWRs
are discussed, along with the ageing of electric cables. Materials
management strategies for LWRs are then the focus of part three.
Materials management strategies for pressurized water reactors and
VVER reactors are considered before the book concludes with a
discussion of materials-related problems faced by LWR operators and
corresponding research needs.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert
contributors, Materials ageing and degradation in light water
reactors is an authoritative review for anyone requiring an
understanding of the performance and durability of this type of
nuclear power plant, including plant operators and managers,
nuclear metallurgists, governmental and regulatory safety bodies,
and researchers, scientists and academics working in this area.
Introduces the fundamental ageing issues and degradation mechanisms
associated with this class of nuclear power reactorsConsiders
materials ageing and degradation in specific light water reactor
components, including properties, performance and
inspectionChapters also focus on material management strategies"
The world's largest archipelago, Indonesia is home to hundreds of
ethnic groups with diverse cultures and languages. Focusing on the
rich heritage of the country, this latest addition to the highly
acclaimed World Folklore Series presents 29 stories from across
Indonesia, most of which have never been published in the English
language. Build your multicultural collection or expand your
repertoire with tales that provide a moving and colorful image of
the diversity and richness of the people and lands of Indonesia.
Six thematic groups are presented: Jealous and Envious Brothers and
Sisters; Stories of Independent Princesses; Stories of Ungrateful
Children; Stories about Rice; Stories of Place Legends; and Stories
of How Things Come to Be. Stories include: Tattadu (South Sulawesi)
The Three Brothers (Lampung) Princess Kemang (Bengkulu) The Legend
of Malin Kundang (West Sumatera) The Origin of Rice in Java Island
(Central Java) Why Shrimps Are Crooked (Central Kalimantan) The
Origin of the Banyan Tree (Central Java) The Legend of a
River--Sembra River (Papua) All Levels
Current literature on Nonlinear Optics varies widely in terms of
content, style, and coverage of specific topics, relative emphasis
of areas and the depth of treatment. While most of these books are
excellent resources for the researchers, there is a strong need for
books appropriate for presenting the subject at the undergraduate
or postgraduate levels in Universities. The need for such a book to
serve as a textbook at the level of the bachelors and masters
courses was felt by the authors while teaching courses on nonlinear
optics to students of both science and engineering during the past
two decades. This book has emerged from an attempt to address the
requirement of presenting the subject at college level. A
one-semester course covering the essentials can effectively be
designed based on this.
Asceptic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing II explores the sophisticated
technology, developments, and applications that allow aseptic
processing to approach the sterility levels achieved with terminal
sterilization. Written by experts in sterile manufacturing, this
book covers aseptic technology, developments, and applications and
makes a valuable contribution to understanding the issues involved
in aseptic manufacture. Topics include the processing of
biopharmaceuticals, lyophilization, personnel training,
radiopharmaceuticals, hydrogen peroxide vapor sterilization,
regulatory requirements, validation, and quality systems.
The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 2004 is considered to have
been one of the worst natural disasters in history, affecting
twelve countries, from Indonesia to Somalia. 175,000 people are
believed to have lost their lives, almost 50,000 were registered as
missing and 1.7 million people were displaced. As well as this
horrendous toll on human life, the tsunami destroyed property worth
billions of dollars and ruined many local economies. Based on their
experience and analysis of this tsunami, the authors have developed
methodologies for predicting and preparing for tsunamis. A basis is
provided for a cost-effective warning and preparedness strategy,
drawing on the example of existing systems used in earthquake
disaster management and tidal wave warning, from genesis to impact.
The book comprehensively addresses the fundamentals of tsunami
science, identifying potential areas where tsunamis might be
generated, predicting the anticipated course of tsunamis and
considering how the geophysical, ecological and socioeconomic
location of a community may determine the severity of tsunami
damage. The authors suggest how precursors can be used to enhance
the advance warning time, how tsunamis can be detected at the time
of their occurrence, and the manner in which warnings should be
communicated to the populations likely to be affected. Finally,
improvement in eco-sociological resilience through the application
of dual-use technologies is identified as a pivotal aid in allowing
coastal communities to be better prepared. The book will be of
interest to a global audience of professionals and academics active
in seismology, ocean science, meteorology, coastal management,
earthquake engineering and disaster management.
The present work is the first major attempt at reviewing
comprehensively all the available information about the
environmental fate and behaviour of the xenobiotic chemicals.
The present work is the first major attempt at reviewing
comprehensively all the available information about the
environmental fate and behaviour of the xenobiotic chemicals.
Asceptic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing II explores the sophisticated
technology, developments, and applications that allow aseptic
processing to approach the sterility levels achieved with terminal
sterilization. Written by experts in sterile manufacturing, this
book covers aseptic technology, developments, and applications and
makes a valuable contribution to understanding the issues involved
in aseptic manufacture. Topics include the processing of
biopharmaceuticals, lyophilization, personnel training,
radiopharmaceuticals, hydrogen peroxide vapor sterilization,
regulatory requirements, validation, and quality systems.
Covering both fundamental and advanced aspects in an accessible
way, this textbook begins with an overview of nuclear reactor
systems, helping readers to familiarize themselves with the varied
designs. Then the readers are introduced to different possibilities
for materials applications in the various sections of nuclear
energy systems. Materials selection and life prediction
methodologies for nuclear reactors are also presented in relation
to creep, corrosion and other degradation mechanisms. An appendix
compiles useful property data relevant for nuclear reactor
applications.
Throughout the book, there is a thorough coverage of various
materials science principles, such as physical and mechanical
metallurgy, defects and diffusion and radiation effects on
materials, with serious efforts made to establish
structure-property correlations wherever possible. With its
emphasis on the latest developments and outstanding problems in the
field, this is both a valuable introduction and a ready reference
for beginners and experienced practitioners alike.
Who can resist a good story, especially when it's being told by
Grandma? From her bag emerges tales of kings and cheats, monkeys
and mice, bears and gods. Here comes the bear who ate some really
bad dessert and got very angry; a lazy man who would not put out a
fire till it reached his beard; a princess who got turned into an
onion; a queen who discovered silk, and many more weird and
wonderful people and animals. Grandma tells the stories over long
summer days and nights, as seven children enjoy life in her little
town. The stories entertain, educate and provide hours of enjoyment
to them. So come, why don't you too join in the fun?
This book considers the problem of determining how many barrels of
crude oil an oil-producing and exporting country should produce
annually for export along with several other important problems
that decision-makers in the crude oil industry face and discusses
procedures for finding optimum solutions for them. It considers the
important Objective Functions they need in making these critical
decisions, and discusses procedures to find the best solutions.
Outputs from the treatment units, in an oil refinery are only
semi-finished products; these are blended into finished products
like gasoline, diesel oil, etc., meeting various specifications
that the marketplace demands. The book discusses models for solving
these problems optimally with examples.
This book features high-quality papers presented at the
International Conference on Computational Intelligence and
Informatics (ICCII 2018), which was held on 28-29 December 2018 at
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JNTUH College
of Engineering, Hyderabad, India. The papers focus on topics such
as data mining, wireless sensor networks, parallel computing, image
processing, network security, MANETS, natural language processing
and Internet of things.
This book considers the problem of determining how many barrels of
crude oil an oil-producing and exporting country should produce
annually for export along with several other important problems
that decision-makers in the crude oil industry face and discusses
procedures for finding optimum solutions for them. It considers the
important Objective Functions they need in making these critical
decisions, and discusses procedures to find the best solutions.
Outputs from the treatment units, in an oil refinery are only
semi-finished products; these are blended into finished products
like gasoline, diesel oil, etc., meeting various specifications
that the marketplace demands. The book discusses models for solving
these problems optimally with examples.
The concepts of centrality and diversity are highly important in
search algorithms, and play central roles in applications of
artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), social
networks, and pattern recognition. This work examines the
significance of centrality and diversity in representation,
regression, ranking, clustering, optimization, and classification.
The text is designed to be accessible to a broad readership.
Requiring only a basic background in undergraduate-level
mathematics, the work is suitable for senior undergraduate and
graduate students, as well as researchers working in machine
learning, data mining, social networks, and pattern recognition.
So often, it's the simplest acts of courage that touch the lives of
others. Sudha Murty-through the exceptional work of the Infosys
Foundation as well as through her own youth, family life and
travels-encounters many such stories... And she tells them here in
her characteristically clear-eyed, warm-hearted way. She talks
candidly about the meaningful impact of her work in the devadasi
community, her trials and tribulations as the only female student
in her engineering college and the unexpected and inspiring
consequences of her father's kindness. From the quiet joy of
discovering the reach of Indian cinema and the origins of Indian
vegetables to the shallowness of judging others based on
appearances, these are everyday struggles and victories, large and
small. Unmasking both the beauty and ugliness of human nature, each
of the real-life stories in this collection is reflective of a life
lived with grace.
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the nanocrystalline
Al based alloys as prepared using high-energy ball milling (HEBM).
It discusses the influence of HEBM parameters on grain refinement
and examines methods for the consolidation of nanocrystalline Al
powders; further, it reviews the effects of various processing
parameters on the final microstructure and the impact of
microstructure on corrosion and mechanical properties. The book
also provides guidelines for choosing appropriate HEBM parameters
for the production of nanocrystalline Al powders and methods for
consolidating them in net-shaped components. Future challenges and
possible applications of high-energy ball milled Al alloys are also
discussed. The book is intended for researchers and professionals
interested in aluminium alloy development, manufacturing
technologies, light metals and nanocrystalline metallic materials.
This textbook is comprised of detailed case studies covering
challenging real world applications of OR techniques. Among the
overall goals of the book is to provide readers with descriptions
of the history and other background information on a variety of
industries, service or other organizations in which decision making
is an important component of their daily operations. The book
considers all methods of optimum decision making in order to
improve performances. It also compares possible solutions obtained
by different approaches, concluding with a recommendation of the
best among them for implementation. By exposing students to a
variety of applications in a variety of areas and explaining how
they can be modeled and solved, the book helps students develop the
skills needed for modeling and solving problems that they may face
in the workplace. Each chapter of "Case Studies in Operations
Research: Applications of Optimal Decision Making" also includes
additional data provided on the book's website on Springer.com.
These files contain a brief description of the area of application,
the problem and the required outputs. Also provided are links to
access all the data in the problem. Finally there are project
exercises for students to practice what they have learnt in the
chapter, which can also be used by instructors as project
assignments in their courses.
This book addresses the challenges of data abstraction generation
using a least number of database scans, compressing data through
novel lossy and non-lossy schemes, and carrying out clustering and
classification directly in the compressed domain. Schemes are
presented which are shown to be efficient both in terms of space
and time, while simultaneously providing the same or better
classification accuracy. Features:Â describes a non-lossy
compression scheme based on run-length encoding of patterns with
binary valued features; proposes a lossy compression scheme that
recognizes a pattern as a sequence of features and identifying
subsequences; examines whether the identification of prototypes and
features can be achieved simultaneously through lossy compression
and efficient clustering; discusses ways to make use of domain
knowledge in generating abstraction; reviews optimal prototype
selection using genetic algorithms; suggests possible ways of
dealing with big data problems using multiagent systems.
This book is meant to serve as a textbook for beginners in the
field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It can also be used as
additional reading in this multifaceted area. It covers the entire
spectrum of nanoscience and technology: introduction, terminology,
historical perspectives of this domain of science, unique and
widely differing properties, advances in the various synthesis,
consolidation and characterization techniques, applications of
nanoscience and technology and emerging materials and technologies.
This work reviews the state of the art in SVM and perceptron
classifiers. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) is easily the most
popular tool for dealing with a variety of machine-learning tasks,
including classification. SVMs are associated with maximizing the
margin between two classes. The concerned optimization problem is a
convex optimization guaranteeing a globally optimal solution. The
weight vector associated with SVM is obtained by a linear
combination of some of the boundary and noisy vectors. Further,
when the data are not linearly separable, tuning the coefficient of
the regularization term becomes crucial. Even though SVMs have
popularized the kernel trick, in most of the practical applications
that are high-dimensional, linear SVMs are popularly used. The text
examines applications to social and information networks. The work
also discusses another popular linear classifier, the perceptron,
and compares its performance with that of the SVM in different
application areas.>
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