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This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO-Advanced Research
Workshop (ARW) "Manipulation of atoms under high fields and
temperatures: Applications," sponsored by the NATO Scientific
Affairs Division, Special Programme on Nanoscale Science. This ARW
took place in Summer '92, in the pleasant surroundings of the Hotel
des Thermes at Charbonnieres les Bains -Lyon, France. Gathering
some fifty experts from different fields, the ARW provided an
opportunity to review the basic principles and to highlight the
progress made during the last few years on the nanosources and the
interactions between atomic-scale probes and samples. The
motivation is to use the novel properties attached to the atomic
dimensions to develop nanoscale technologies. The perception of the
atomic-scale world has greatly changed since the discovery and
development, in the early 80's, of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
(STM) by Binnig and Rohrer. Beyond the observation of individual
atoms, which is now routine, the concept of playing with atoms has
become commonplace. This has lead to the fashioning of tools at the
atomic scale, to the deposition, the displacement and the creation
of atomic structures and also to the knowledge of interactions and
contacts between atoms. Nanotips ending with a single atom are
sources of ultra-fine charged beams. They can be unique tools for
high resolution observations, for micro fabrications by
micro-machining and deposition at a scale not previously
attainable, with a working distance less stringent than with STM
devices."
Nanoscale Science and Technology summarizes six years of active
research sponsored by NATO with the participation of the leading
experts. The book provides an interdisciplinary view of several
aspects of physics at the atomic scale. It contains an overview of
the latest findings on the transport of electrons in nanowires and
nanoconstrictions, the role of forces in probe microscopy, the
control of structures and properties in the nanometer range,
aspects of magnetization in nanometric structures, and local probes
for nondestructive measurement as provided by light and metal
clusters near atomic scales.
Optics at the Nanometer Scale: Imaging and Storing with Photonic
Near Fields deals with the fundamentals of and the latest
developments and applications of near-field optical microscopy,
giving basic accounts of how and under what circumstances
superresolution beyond the half- wavelength Rayleigh limit is
achieved. Interferometric and fluorescence techniques are also
described, leading to molecular and even atomic resolution using
light. The storage of optical information at this level of
resolution is also addressed.
This book contains most of the contributions presented at the NATO
Advanced Research Workshop on Nanowires, held at La Cristalera
Residence Hall, Miraflores, Spain, from 23 through September 27,
1996. The workshop was co-directed by P. A. Serena and U. Landman.
More than forty scientists from ten countries of Europe, the United
States, and Japan attended this meeting and contributed with
brilliant talks and stimulating discusions about their recent
works. A total of thirty-three oral communications were given,
covering the main part of topics related with the subject of the
workshop. On one hand, a set of talks presented the theoretical
basis of the conductance mechanisms in low dimensional systems,
elaborated caIculations on the electronic structure and mechanical
behavior of metallic nanowires, the role of defects and geometry in
conductance, etc. On the other hand, from the experimental
perspective, the contributions included the deeply study of the
conductance quantization phenomenom, the analysis of conductance
histograms, the study of the origin of the residual resistance, the
presentation of different techniques of fabrication and
manipulation of nanowires, the study of forces appearing in
nanowires and their relation with the electronic conduction, etc.
The motivation of the present workshop was to gather together
scientists with differents ideas on these topics, to exchange
points of view, establish the future lines in their research, and
devise the role of nanowires in the future incoming nanoscale
technologies. We hope that most of these points were successfully
achieved.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Basic Concepts
and Applications of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Erice, Italy,
April 17-29, 1989
This book contains most of the contributions presented at the NATO
Advanced Research Workshop on Nanowires, held at La Cristalera
Residence Hall, Miraflores, Spain, from 23 through September 27,
1996. The workshop was co-directed by P. A. Serena and U. Landman.
More than forty scientists from ten countries of Europe, the United
States, and Japan attended this meeting and contributed with
brilliant talks and stimulating discusions about their recent
works. A total of thirty-three oral communications were given,
covering the main part of topics related with the subject of the
workshop. On one hand, a set of talks presented the theoretical
basis of the conductance mechanisms in low dimensional systems,
elaborated caIculations on the electronic structure and mechanical
behavior of metallic nanowires, the role of defects and geometry in
conductance, etc. On the other hand, from the experimental
perspective, the contributions included the deeply study of the
conductance quantization phenomenom, the analysis of conductance
histograms, the study of the origin of the residual resistance, the
presentation of different techniques of fabrication and
manipulation of nanowires, the study of forces appearing in
nanowires and their relation with the electronic conduction, etc.
The motivation of the present workshop was to gather together
scientists with differents ideas on these topics, to exchange
points of view, establish the future lines in their research, and
devise the role of nanowires in the future incoming nanoscale
technologies. We hope that most of these points were successfully
achieved.
Optics at the Nanometer Scale: Imaging and Storing with Photonic
Near Fields deals with the fundamentals of and the latest
developments and applications of near-field optical microscopy,
giving basic accounts of how and under what circumstances
superresolution beyond the half- wavelength Rayleigh limit is
achieved. Interferometric and fluorescence techniques are also
described, leading to molecular and even atomic resolution using
light. The storage of optical information at this level of
resolution is also addressed.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Basic Concepts
and Applications of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Erice, Italy,
April 17-29, 1989
This expert volume provides specialized coverage of the current
state of the art in carbon gels. Carbon gels represent a promising
class of materials with high added value applications and many
assets, like the ability to accurately tailor their structure,
porosity, and surface composition and easily dope them with
numerous species. The ability to obtain them in custom shapes, such
as powder, beads, monoliths, or impregnated scaffolds opens the way
towards numerous applications, including catalysis, adsorption, and
electrochemical energy storage, among others. Nevertheless, it
remains a crucial question as to which design synthesis and
manufacturing processes are viable from an economic and
environmental point of view. The book represents the perspectives
of renowned specialists in the field, specially invited to conduct
a one-day workshop devoted to carbon gels as part of the 19th
International Sol-Gel Conference, SOL-GEL 2017, held on September
3rd, 2017 in Liege, Belgium. Addressing properties and synthesis
through applications and industry outlook, this book represents
essential reading for advanced graduate students through practicing
researchers interested in these exciting materials.
El objetivo del presente trabajo consistio en reconstruir los
sentidos que los jovenes de nivel medio producen en torno a las
etiquetas y categorias que los/as docentes utilizan para
clasificarlos en el espacio escolar. Para ello se llevaron a cabo
observaciones directas, conversaciones cotidianas, entrevistas con
docentes y grupos de discusion con alumnos/as. Posteriormente se
construyeron categorias analiticas recurriendo a algunos aportes
del metodo investigativo conocido como "Teoria fundamentada." Se
arriba a la proposicion segun la cual la cercania observada entre
las categorias docentes y juveniles reconstruidas daria cuenta de
la existencia de un cumulo de significados compartidos referidos a
preceptos morales, al que denominaremos "Prisma Moral," que opera
como marco de referencia en la clasificacion que docentes y
alumnos/as llevan a cabo en sus practicas discursivas, e insta a
realizar en un rastreo de significados "de tiempo largo," ligados
con el origen de la institucion escolar, que lo constituyen."
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book
may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages,
poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the
original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We
believe this work is culturally important, and despite the
imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of
our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in
the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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