Offering a nuanced examination of the complex landscape that international scholars who publish their research in English must navigate, this edited volume details 17 perspectives on scholarly writing for publication across seven geolinguistic regions. This innovative volume includes first-hand accounts and analyses written by local scholars and pedagogues living and working outside Anglophone centres of global knowledge production. The book provides an in-depth look into the deeply contextualized pedagogical activities that support English-language publishing. It also brings much-needed insight to discussions of policies and practices of global scholarly research writing. Bookended by the editors' introductory overview of this burgeoning field and an envoi by the eminent applied linguist John M. Swales, the diverse contributions in this volume will appeal to scholars who use English as an additional language, as well as to researchers, instructors, and policymakers involved in the production, support, and adjudication of global scholars' research writing.

Arising no doubt from its pre-eminence as a natural liquid, water has always been considered by chemists as the original solvent in which very varied chemical reactions can take place, both for preparational and for analytical purposes. This explains the very long-standing interest shown in the study of aqueous solutions. In this con nection, it must be stressed that the theory of Arrhenius and Ostwald (1887-1894) on electrolytic dissociation, was originally devised solely for solutions in water and that the first true concept of acidity resulting from this is linked to the use of this solvent. The more recent development of numerous physico-chemical measurement methods has made possible an increase of knowledge in this area up to an extremely advanced degree of systematization. Thus today we have available both a very large amount of experimental data, together with very refined methods of deduction and of quantitative treatment of chemical reactions in solution which enable us to make the fullest use of this data. Nevertheless, . it appears quite evident at present that there are numerous chemical processes which cannot take place in water, and that its use as a solvent imposes 2 INTRODUCTION limitations. In order to overcome these limitations, it was natural that interest should be attracted to solvents other than water and that the new possibilities thus opened up should be explored."

Technical progress has for a very long time been directly dependent on progress in metallurgy, which is itself connected with improvements in the technology of alloys. Metals are most frequently used in the form of alloys for several reasons: the quantity of pure metal in its native state in the earth's crust is very limited; pure metals must be extracted from ores which are themselves impure. Finally, the methods of treatment used lead more easily to alloys than to pure metals. The most typical case is that of iron, where a pure ore may be found, but which is the starting point for cast iron or steel, alloys of iron and carbon. In addition, the properties of alloys are in general superior to those of pure metals and modem metallurgy consists of controlling these properties so as to make them conform to the requirements of the design office. Whilst the engineer was formerly compelled to adapt his designs and constructions to the materials available, such as wood, stone, bronze, iron, cast iron and ordinary steels, he can now expect, due to metallurgical research, the creation of special alloys meeting specific requirements. These requirements must of course be reasonable, but VIII INTRODUCTION must be sufficiently imperative for them to become the motive for progress.

Arising no doubt from its pre-eminence as a natural liquid, water has always been considered by chemists as the original solvent in which very varied chemical reactions can take place, both for preparational and for analytical purposes. This explains the very long-standing interest shown in the study of aqueous solutions. In this con nection, it must be stressed that the theory of Arrhenius and Ostwald (1887-1894) on electrolytic dissociation, was originally devised solely for solutions in water and that the first true concept of acidity resulting from this is linked to the use of this solvent. The more recent development of numerous physico-chemical measurement methods has made possible an increase of knowledge in this area up to an extremely advanced degree of systematization. Thus today we have available both a very large amount of experimental data, together with very refined methods of deduction and of quantitative treatment of chemical reactions in solution which enable us to make the fullest use of this data. Nevertheless, . it appears quite evident at present that there are numerous chemical processes which cannot take place in water, and that its use as a solvent imposes 2 INTRODUCTION limitations. In order to overcome these limitations, it was natural that interest should be attracted to solvents other than water and that the new possibilities thus opened up should be explored."

Offering a nuanced examination of the complex landscape that international scholars who publish their research in English must navigate, this edited volume details 17 perspectives on scholarly writing for publication across seven geolinguistic regions. This innovative volume includes first-hand accounts and analyses written by local scholars and pedagogues living and working outside Anglophone centres of global knowledge production. The book provides an in-depth look into the deeply contextualized pedagogical activities that support English-language publishing. It also brings much-needed insight to discussions of policies and practices of global scholarly research writing. Bookended by the editors' introductory overview of this burgeoning field and an envoi by the eminent applied linguist John M. Swales, the diverse contributions in this volume will appeal to scholars who use English as an additional language, as well as to researchers, instructors, and policymakers involved in the production, support, and adjudication of global scholars' research writing.