Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Kokology, the popular Japanese pop-psych quiz game, is now an American bestseller, and Kokology 2 offers more than 50 all-new quizzes, perfect for beginners and experienced kokologists alike. Kokology, the study of kokoro ("mind" or "spirit" in Japanese), asks you to answer questions about seemingly innocent topics -- such as which is the cleanest room in an imaginary house? -- and then reveals what your answers say about you. Play it alone as a quest of self-discovery, or play with friends, if you dare!

This book discusses non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics, recently explored in an analog quantum simulator of strongly correlated ultracold atoms. The first part presents a field-theoretical analysis of the experimental observability of the Higgs amplitude mode that emerges as a relativistic collective excitation near a quantum phase transition of superfluid Bose gases in an optical lattice potential. The author presents the dynamical susceptibilities to external driving of the microscopic parameters, taking into account a leading-order perturbative correction from quantum and thermal fluctuations and shows clear signatures of the Higgs mode in these observables. This is the first result that strongly supports the stability of the Higgs mode in three-dimensional optical lattices even in the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous confinement potential and paves the way for desktop observations of the Higgs mode. In the second part, the author applies the semi-classical truncated-Wigner approximation (TWA) to far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Specifically, he considers the recent experiments on quantum-quench dynamics in a Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator. A direct comparison shows remarkable agreement between the numerical results from TWA and the experimental data. This result clearly indicates the potential of such a semi-classical approach in reliably simulating many-body systems using classical computers. The book also includes several chapters providing comprehensive reviews of the recent studies on cold-atomic quantum simulation and various theoretical methods, including the Schwinger-boson approach in strongly correlated systems and the phase-space semi-classical method for far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. These chapters are highly recommended to students and young researchers who are interested in semi-classical approaches in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.

Created by a famous Japanese psychologist, kokology is the study of kokoro ("mind" or "spirit" in Japanese). Based on sound psychological principles, Kokology asks you to answer questions about seemingly innocent topics -- such as the color of an imaginary bird that has flown in your window -- and then reveals what your answers say about you. Kokology offers a unique approach to self-discovery and, when played with others, can provide hilarious insight into the you that they never knew.

This open access book gives an overview of cutting-edge work on a new paradigm called the "sublinear computation paradigm," which was proposed in the large multiyear academic research project "Foundations of Innovative Algorithms for Big Data." That project ran from October 2014 to March 2020, in Japan. To handle the unprecedented explosion of big data sets in research, industry, and other areas of society, there is an urgent need to develop novel methods and approaches for big data analysis. To meet this need, innovative changes in algorithm theory for big data are being pursued. For example, polynomial-time algorithms have thus far been regarded as "fast," but if a quadratic-time algorithm is applied to a petabyte-scale or larger big data set, problems are encountered in terms of computational resources or running time. To deal with this critical computational and algorithmic bottleneck, linear, sublinear, and constant time algorithms are required.The sublinear computation paradigm is proposed here in order to support innovation in the big data era. A foundation of innovative algorithms has been created by developing computational procedures, data structures, and modelling techniques for big data. The project is organized into three teams that focus on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling. The work has provided high-level academic research results of strong computational and algorithmic interest, which are presented in this book. The book consists of five parts: Part I, which consists of a single chapter on the concept of the sublinear computation paradigm; Parts II, III, and IV review results on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling, respectively; Part V presents application results. The information presented here will inspire the researchers who work in the field of modern algorithms.

Focusing on students' presentations and discussions in laboratory seminars, this book presents case studies on evidence-based education using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It proposes a system to help users complete research activities, and a machine-learning method that makes the system suitable for long-term operation by performing data mining for discussions and automatically extracting essential tasks. By illustrating the complete process - proposal, implementation, and operation - of applying machine learning techniques to real-world situations, the book will inspire researchers and professionals to develop innovative new applications for education. The book is divided into six chapters, the first of which provides an overview of AI research and practice in education. In turn, Chapter 2 describes a mechanism for applying data analytics to student discussions and utilizing the results for knowledge creation activities such as research. Based on discussion data analytics, Chapter 3 describes a creative activity support system that effectively utilizes the analytical results of the discussion for subsequent activities. Chapter 4 discusses the incorporation of a gamification method to evaluate and improve discussion skills while maintaining the motivation to participate in the discussion. Chapters 5 and 6 describe an advanced learning environment for honing students' discussion and presentation skills. Two important systems proposed here are a presentation training system using virtual reality technologies, and an interactive presentation/discussion training system using a humanoid robot. In the former, the virtual space is constructed by measuring the three-dimensional shape of the actual auditorium, presentations are performed in the same way as in the real world, and the AI as audience automatically evaluates the presentation and provides feedback. In the latter, a humanoid robot makes some remarks on and asks questions about students' presentations, and the students practice responding to it.

Current Toxicology Series Series Editors Diana Anderson Tno Bibra International Ltd, Surrey, UK Michael D Waters Consultant, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Timothy C Marrs Department of Health, London, UK Food Borne Carcinogens Heterocyclic Amines Edited by Minako Nagao, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan Takashi Sugimura, National Cancer Center, Japan Food Borne Carcinogens provides a comprehensive review of the genotoxic and carcinogenic activities of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) found in cooked foods. This unique and timely publication describes the latest research and offers an insight into new developments. Key topics covered include:
* Combination effects of HCAs in carcinogenesis
* Genetic alterations in animal tumours induced by HCAs
* Adduct levels yielded in humans by ordinary exposure levels
* Genetic polymorphisms in HCA metabolic enzymes and suspected individual differences in susceptibility to HCA carcinogenesis
Written by world-renowned experts in the field, this book will be essential reading for toxicologists and cancer researchers working within industry, academia and government, particularly, food scientists, genetic toxicologists, biochemists, nutritionists and those investigating risk evaluation of HCA's and the regulation of environmental carcinogens. It will also be of interest to other scientists involved in the identification of naturally occurring antimutagens and anticarcinogens.

Animal cell technology aims to understand structures, functions, and behaviors of differentiated animal cells and to ascertain their abilities to be used in industrial and medical purposes. This volume gives readers a complete review of the present state of the art in Japan.

CD and MCD spectroscopy can provide key information about the conformations and electronic states of chromophore containing molecules. However, the theory has remained too challenging and inaccessible for many organic chemists and biochemists and only a few researchers have carried out detailed quantitative analyses of their spectral data. This is not surprising as people who excel at spectroscopic theory usually lack the skills set required to design and synthesise the molecules that would be most appropriate for describing and explaining the theory of CD and MCD spectroscopy. Most of the books that have been written on the subject have, therefore, been based on very dense sets of mathematical equations. This timely book rectifies that situation by summarizing the relationship between the different types of spectra and by describing in detail the qualitative and quantitative methods which can readily be used to analyse CD and MCD spectral data. During the last decade the authors have successfully synthesized several molecules to illustrate key points related to the theory of CD and MCD spectroscopy, resulting in this definitive book providing key practical knowledge in a readily accessible style. It is aimed primarily at organic chemists and biochemists and provides the required reading for researchers active in the field. In the introduction, the book describes the types of information that can be derived from CD and MCD spectroscopy. After a detailed explanation of the theory of electronic absorption spectroscopy, it then provides practical in depth examples of the various analytical methods that can be carried out with CD and MCD spectral data. This makes the theory of these techniques much more accessible for researchers who do not specialise in physical chemistry.

This book discusses non-equilibrium quantum many-body dynamics, recently explored in an analog quantum simulator of strongly correlated ultracold atoms. The first part presents a field-theoretical analysis of the experimental observability of the Higgs amplitude mode that emerges as a relativistic collective excitation near a quantum phase transition of superfluid Bose gases in an optical lattice potential. The author presents the dynamical susceptibilities to external driving of the microscopic parameters, taking into account a leading-order perturbative correction from quantum and thermal fluctuations and shows clear signatures of the Higgs mode in these observables. This is the first result that strongly supports the stability of the Higgs mode in three-dimensional optical lattices even in the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous confinement potential and paves the way for desktop observations of the Higgs mode. In the second part, the author applies the semi-classical truncated-Wigner approximation (TWA) to far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. Specifically, he considers the recent experiments on quantum-quench dynamics in a Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator. A direct comparison shows remarkable agreement between the numerical results from TWA and the experimental data. This result clearly indicates the potential of such a semi-classical approach in reliably simulating many-body systems using classical computers. The book also includes several chapters providing comprehensive reviews of the recent studies on cold-atomic quantum simulation and various theoretical methods, including the Schwinger-boson approach in strongly correlated systems and the phase-space semi-classical method for far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics. These chapters are highly recommended to students and young researchers who are interested in semi-classical approaches in non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.

Animal cell technology is a growing discipline of cell biology which aims not only to understand structures, functions and behaviors of differentiated animal cells, but also to ascertain their abilities to be used for industrial and medical purposes. The goal of animal cell technology includes the clonal expansion of differentiated cells, the optimization of their culture conditions, modulation of their ability to produce proteins of medical and pharmaceutical importantance, and the application of animal cells to gene therapy, artificial organs and the production of functional foods. This volume gives the readers a complete review of the present state-of-the-art and will be useful for those working in either academic environments or in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors, particularly cell biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, immunologists, biochemical engineers and all other disciplines related to animal cell culture.

It is most appropriate that the first volume to appear in the series "Advanced Applications in Pattern Recognition" should be this monograph by Nagao and Matsuyama. The work described here is a deep unification and synthesis of the two fundamental approaches to pat tern recognition: numerical (also known as "statistical") and struc tural ("linguistic," "syntactic"). The power and unity of the meth odology flow from the apparently effortless and natural use of the knowledge-base framework illuminated by the best results of artificial intelligence research. An integral part of the work is the algorithmic solution of many hitherto incompletely or clumsily treated problems. It was on the occasion of a laboratory visit in connection with the 4th IJCPR (of hich Professor Nagao was the very able Program Chairman) that I saw in operation the system described here. On the spot I expressed the desire to see the work described for the inter national technical audience in this series and the authors were kind enough to agree to contribute to a new and unknown series. With the publication of this monograph on the eve of the 5th ICPR my wish is fu1fi11 d. I want to thank here the authors and Plenum Publishing Corporation for making this volume and the series a reality."

Animal cell technology is a growing discipline of cell biology which aims not only to understand structures, functions and behaviors of differentiated animal cells but also to ascertain their abilities to be used in industrial and medical purposes. The goal of animal cell technology includes accomplishments of clonal expansion of differentiated cells with useful ability, optimization of their culture conditions, modulation of their ability to produce medically and pharmaceutically, important proteins, and the application of animal cells to gene therapy and artificial organs. This volume gives the readers a complete review of present state of the art in Japan. The Proceedings will be useful for cell biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, immunologists, biochemical engineers and other disciplines related to animal cell culture, working in either academic environments or in biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

The technology of arti?cial intelligence is increasing its importance thanks to the rapid growth of the Internet and computer technology. In Japan, the annual conference series of JSAI (The Japanese Society for Arti?cial Intelligence) has been playing a leading role in promoting AI research, and selected papers of the annual conferences have been published in the LNAI series since 2003. This book consists of award papers from the 21st annual conference of JSAI (JSAI 2007) and selected papers from the four co-located workshops. Seven papers were awarded among more than 335 presentations in the conference and 24 papers were selected from a total of 48 presentations in the co-located workshops: Logic and Engineering of Natural Language Semantics 2007 (LENLS 2007), the International Workshop on Risk Informatics (RI 2007), the 5th Wo- shop on Learning with Logics and Logics for Learning (LLLL 2007), and the 1st International Workshop on Juris-informatics (JURISIN 2007). The award papers from JSAI 2007 underwent a rigorous selection process. Firstly, recommendations were made from three people (Session Chair, session commentator and one PC member) in each session, and then recommended - pers were carefully reviewed and voted for by PC members for ?nal selection.

This book examines the impacts of radionuclides released from the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on inland aquatic environments. The focus is on the dynamics of radiocesium in inland aquatic environments. The book comprises three parts: migration behavior of radiocesium in river and lake environment, accumulation of radiocesium into organisms in freshwater, and integrated environmental analysis in a lake system and a forest-freshwater system. Many studies on the dynamics of radionuclides have been published after the FDNPP accident, especially of radiocesium (134Cs 137Cs) in land and marine environment. The key features of this book are the new data of freshwater environment including transport of radionuclides in river and lake watershed, and accumulation of radiocesium in freshwater fishes and insects. Another feature of this book is that it summarizes the dataset of a model lake, Lake Akagi-Onuma, from geochemical and biological approaches. Readers will learn the actual dispersion behavior of radionuclides released from the Fukushima accident and their impacts on freshwater environments since the accident in 2011. The book presents valuable information for assessing the impacts of the FDNPP accident on ecosystem and human health, which are also useful in developing countermeasures for similar accidents and environmental contaminations.

This open access book gives an overview of cutting-edge work on a new paradigm called the "sublinear computation paradigm," which was proposed in the large multiyear academic research project "Foundations of Innovative Algorithms for Big Data." That project ran from October 2014 to March 2020, in Japan. To handle the unprecedented explosion of big data sets in research, industry, and other areas of society, there is an urgent need to develop novel methods and approaches for big data analysis. To meet this need, innovative changes in algorithm theory for big data are being pursued. For example, polynomial-time algorithms have thus far been regarded as "fast," but if a quadratic-time algorithm is applied to a petabyte-scale or larger big data set, problems are encountered in terms of computational resources or running time. To deal with this critical computational and algorithmic bottleneck, linear, sublinear, and constant time algorithms are required.The sublinear computation paradigm is proposed here in order to support innovation in the big data era. A foundation of innovative algorithms has been created by developing computational procedures, data structures, and modelling techniques for big data. The project is organized into three teams that focus on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling. The work has provided high-level academic research results of strong computational and algorithmic interest, which are presented in this book. The book consists of five parts: Part I, which consists of a single chapter on the concept of the sublinear computation paradigm; Parts II, III, and IV review results on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling, respectively; Part V presents application results. The information presented here will inspire the researchers who work in the field of modern algorithms.

The isomonodromic deformation equations such as the Painleve and Garnier systems are an important class of nonlinear differential equations in mathematics and mathematical physics. For discrete analogs of these equations in particular, much progress has been made in recent decades. Various approaches to such isomonodromic equations are known: the Painleve test/Painleve property, reduction of integrable hierarchy, the Lax formulation, algebro-geometric methods, and others. Among them, the Pade method explained in this book provides a simple approach to those equations in both continuous and discrete cases. For a given function f(x), the Pade approximation/interpolation supplies the rational functions P(x), Q(x) as approximants such as f(x)~P(x)/Q(x). The basic idea of the Pade method is to consider the linear differential (or difference) equations satisfied by P(x) and f(x)Q(x). In choosing the suitable approximation problem, the linear differential equations give the Lax pair for some isomonodromic equations. Although this relation between the isomonodromic equations and Pade approximations has been known classically, a systematic study including discrete cases has been conducted only recently. By this simple and easy procedure, one can simultaneously obtain various results such as the nonlinear evolution equation, its Lax pair, and their special solutions. In this way, the method is a convenient means of approaching the isomonodromic deformation equations.

Wolfgang H Scholz (b. 1958) is a visual artist and film director. His work spans more than three decades and encompasses apart from painting many forms of expression, ranging from theatrical and documentary films, sculpture, photography, and installations to multimedia stage pieces. His central theme is the vision of an imaginary arrival, and his work method is a form of decoding. Other essential concepts that recur in Scholz's work include the labyrinth, time, memories or localization and the questioning of reality. The title The Void is taken from a Buddhist term for the Fifth Element: The Void. Since 2010 Scholz has worked with Japanese Butoh masters, creating several multimedia stage pieces and series of photographic works on this theme. This volume includes a conversation with Prof. Dr. Boris Groys of New York University, one of the most important scholars of the arts and humanities of the twentieth century. This dialogue is an essential text for understanding the creative processes, references, and influences of Wolfgang H Scholz concerning the philosophical and programmatic themes of The Void. This book will be published to coincide with exhibitions by the MACO - Museum of Contemporary Art Oaxaca (2019), Mexico, the Museum Ex Teresa Arte Actual (2019), the gallery Casa Galván - UAM - Universidad Autónoma metropolitana (2020) and in collaboration with the presentations of the performance THE VOID at the Butoh Festival Kyoto, Japan (July 2019) and at the Theatre CC Los Talleres, Mexico City in 2019. Text in English with a Spanish and German insert.