Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide time synchronized measurements of phase angles of voltages or currents. These synchrophasors are used in electricity grids to support planning and operation. In the past decade, transmission network planners and grid operators have been using PMUs for monitoring applications. Improvements are still needed to realise the full potential of PMU data for more complex power systems with distributed renewables and increased loads. Challenges related to noise and higher frequency components from various dynamic behaviours of grid components, including electric vehicles, are prevalent. This book conveys the technology of PMUs and the application of synchrophasors to wide-area networks and interconnected grids. The chapters cover synchrophasor-based applications and technologies, including monitoring of power oscillation, wide area control and predictive protection, congestion management in transmission networks, synchrophasor-based fault location for multi-terminal transmission systems, system integrity protection, and application of synchrophasor technology to microgrids. This book is important reading for researchers and engineers in academia and industry, and grid operators involved with power systems and renewable energy generation, networks and communication.

Hydropower is a mature and cost-competitive renewable energy source, contributing the bulk of global renewable electricity. Over the past decades, computer technology has led to significant possible improvements in monitoring, diagnostics, protection and control through retrofitting of large plants, and there is potential for additional large plants as well as for smaller installations. This book presents a systematic approach to mathematical modeling of different configurations of hydropower plants over four sections - modeling and simulation approaches; control of hydropower plants; operation and scheduling of hydropower plants, including pumped storage; and special features of small hydropower plants. The chapters address the fundamentals and the latest concepts, providing the most appropriate solutions for cost-effective and reliable operation, and include several real-world case studies of hydropower plants in operation. Modeling and Dynamic Behaviour of Hydropower Plants is essential reading for researchers involved with hydropower, as well as for advanced students in power engineering.

Development of cancer, a dreadful disease of mankind, is a multi-stage process involving numerous molecular alterations at both genomic and proteomic levels. Immense research for the past several decades in the field of cancer identified many such mutations and their role in carcinogenesis. Concept of 'fusion genes' seeded way back in 20th century has now grown into a new field of cancer research. However, there is a lack of knowledge among scientists about these fusion genes and their importance in cancer, which can be mainly attributed to unavailability of a comprehensive book on this topic. Therefore, this book is first of its kind and aims at giving a detailed idea on the formation of gene fusions and their importance in the development and progression of cancer; techniques to identify novel gene fusions; and therapeutics available to target various fusion proteins and their impact in cancer therapy by compiling the information from the literature available till date.

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a cleaner mode of personal transportation and a new way to store energy, but also present challenges to the grid due to additional distributed storage and load. With rising numbers of EVs on the streets, problems can include voltage limits violation or line congestion, mainly at the distribution level. All those operating devices in the grid, from network operators/managers to EVs owners, need fast communication with low latency, high security and reliability. The book addresses EVs as a driving source for realizing smart grid operation. It provides chapters from multidisciplinary academic and industry communities related to EVs charging schemes and technologies, and its associated communication, networking and information architectures. This book for researchers and practitioners provides a basis for full integration of EVs into the grid through extensive use of ICT tools in: (i) transport as energy storage system (TES) modelling, simulation and optimisation processes; (ii) vehicle on-line optimal control, estimation and prediction; (iii) energy system strategic planning with renewables; and (iv) supporting services such as those related to smart grid via smart charging.

Skin is one of most sensitive organ which plays an important role in health, disease as well as beauty. Even a small lesion on superficial skin can cause a lot of anxiety and depression in several people. Vitiligo is one of the most common skin disorder in many parts of the world and has become a problem for the human being. The patient suffering from vitiligo which are hated and despised in the hands of the society. Although except cosmetics defect, vitiligo is an absolutely harmless disease. But patients suffering from vitiligo one generally not respected in society and even in family which ultimately lead to a lot of psychological problems. Vitiligo means loss of pigment with white patches of varied sizes often symmetrically distributed. The skin bordering the affected sites is usually hyper-pigmented and hair in affected area is usually but not always white. In modern medicine, several drugs and modern methods, techniques are searching today but the treatment is not satisfactory in total eradication of the disease but there are various drugs described in the Ayurvedic (Indian System of Medicine) texts claimed as useful in the treatment of vitiligo.