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If justice in the Arab world is often marked by a lack of autonomy
of the judiciary toward the executive power, one of the
characteristic features of the Egyptian judiciary lies in its
strength and activism in the defense of democratic values. Judges
have been struggling for years to enhance their independence from
the executive power and exercise full supervision of the electoral
process to achieve transparent elections. Recent years have seen
growing tensions in Egypt between the judiciary and the executive
authority. In order to gain concessions, judges went as far as to
threaten to boycott the supervision of the presidential and
legislative elections in the fall of 2005 and to organize sit-ins
in the streets. The struggle between the two powers was in full
swing in the spring of 2006, when a conference convened in Cairo in
early April on the theme of the role of judges in the process of
political reform in Egypt and the Arab world. The conference was
organized by the Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)
in cooperation with the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement
(IRD). This book is a collection of papers from the conference
dealing with Egypt. They allow a better understanding of the role
judges are playing in the process of democratic reform in Egypt as
well as the limits of their struggle.
Islamic Divorce in the 21st Century shows the wide range of Muslim
experiences in marital disputes and in seeking Islamic
divorces. For Muslims, having the ability to divorce in accordance
with Islamic law is of paramount importance. However, Muslim
experiences of divorce practice differ tremendously. The chapters
in this volume discuss Islamic divorce from West Africa to
Southeast Asia, and each story explores aspects of the everyday
realities of disputing and divorcing Muslim couples face in the
twenty-first century. The book’s cross-cultural and comparative
look at Islamic divorce indicates that Muslim divorces are impacted
by global religious discourses on Islamic authority, authenticity,
and gender;Â by global patterns of and approaches to
secularity;Â and by global economic inequalities and attendant
patterns of urbanization and migration. Studying divorce as a mode
of Islamic law in practice shows us that the Islamic legal
tradition is flexible, malleable, and context-dependent.
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