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The outlook for women with breast cancer has improved in recent
years. Due to the combination of improved treatments and the
benefits of mammography screening, breast cancer mortality has
decreased steadily since 1989. Yet breast cancer remains a major
problem, second only to lung cancer as a leading cause of death
from cancer for women. To date, no means to prevent breast cancer
has been discovered and experience has shown that treatments are
most effective when a cancer is detected early, before it has
spread to other tissues. These two facts suggest that the most
effective way to continue reducing the death toll from breast
cancer is improved early detection and diagnosis. Building on the
2001 report Mammography and Beyond, this new book not only examines
ways to improve implementation and use of new and current breast
cancer detection technologies but also evaluates the need to
develop tools that identify women who would benefit most from early
detection screening. Saving Women's Lives: Strategies for Improving
Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis encourages more research that
integrates the development, validation, and analysis of the types
of technologies in clinical practice that promote improved risk
identification techniques. In this way, methods and technologies
that improve detection and diagnosis can be more effectively
developed and implemented. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive
Summary 1 Introduction 2 Benefits and Limitations of Mammography 3
Improving Breast Cancer Screening Services 4 Understanding Breast
Cancer Risk 5 Biologically-Based Technologies 6 The Necessary
Environment for Research and Development 7 Translating New
Technologies into Improved Patient Outcomes 8 Recommendations
Appendix A: Breast Cancer Technology Overview Appendix B: Workshop
Agendas Appendix C: ROC Analysis: Key Statistical Tool for
Evaluating Detection Technologies Appendix D: Common Weaknesses in
Study Designs Glossary Index
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Ensuring Quality Cancer Care (Paperback, New)
Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, Commission on Life Sciences, Institute of Medicine, National Cancer Policy Board; Edited by Joseph V Simone, …
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R1,404
Discovery Miles 14 040
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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We all want to believe that when people get cancer, they will
receive medical care of the highest quality. Even as new scientific
breakthroughs are announced, though, many cancer patients may be
getting the wrong care, too little care, or too much care, in the
form of unnecessary procedures. How close is American medicine to
the ideal of quality cancer care for every person with cancer?
Ensuring Quality Cancer Care provides a comprehensive picture of
how cancer care is delivered in our nation, from early detection to
end-of-life issues. The National Cancer Policy Board defines
quality care and recommends how to monitor, measure, and extend
quality care to all people with cancer. Approaches to
accountability in health care are reviewed. What keeps people from
getting care? The book explains how lack of medical coverage,
social and economic status, patient beliefs, physician
decision-making, and other factors can stand between the patient
and the best possible care. The board explores how cancer care is
shaped by the current focus on evidence-based medicine, the
widespread adoption of managed care, where services are provided,
and who provides care. Specific shortfalls in the care of breast
and prostate cancer are identified. A status report on health
services research is included. Ensuring Quality Cancer Care offers
wide-ranging data and information in clear context. As the baby
boomers approach the years when most cancer occurs, this timely
volume will be of special interest to health policy makers, public
and private healthcare purchasers, medical professionals, patient
advocates, researchers, and people with cancer. Table of Contents
Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Cancer Care 'System' 3
Ensuring Access to Cancer Care 4 Defining and Assessing Quality
Cancer Care 5 Health Care Delivery and Quality of Cancer Care 6
Cancer Care Quality Assurance 7 Health Services Research in Cancer
Care 8 Findings and Recommendations Glossary Acronyms Index
In this report The Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF) and the
Institute of Medicine (IOM) present a one-day symposium that was
held at the IOM to further disseminate the conclusions and
recommendations of the joint IOM and National Research Council
report, Saving Women's Lives: Strategies for Improving Breast
Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. The committee assembled for this
event was asked to share insights and consider ways in which the
objectives of the report could be achieved from the standpoint of
what women need to know, the best models of screening programs,
manpower, risk stratification, basic research, and payment. This
symposium seeks to provide continuing food for thought and ideas
for actions in support of breast cancer detection and diagnosis and
saving women's lives. Table of Contents Front Matter Abstract 1
Introduction 2 Plenary Session 3 Simultaneous Group Discussions
with Invited Speakers 4 Wrap-Up Session References Appendix:
Symposium Agenda
Only more recently has it been realized that the intense effort to
care for and cure a child with cancer does not end with survival.
Continued surveillance and a variety of interventions may, in many
cases, be needed to identify and care for consequences of treatment
that can appear early or only after several decades and impair
survivors' health and quality of life. The more than two-thirds of
childhood cancer survivors who experience late effects-that is,
complications, disabilities, or adverse outcomes-as a result of
their disease, its treatment, or both, are the focus of this report
which outlines a comprehensive policy agenda that links improved
health care delivery and follow-up, investments in education and
training for health care providers, and expanded research to
improve the long-term outlook for this growing population now
exceeding 270,000 Americans. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary
1. Introduction 2. The Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer 3. The
Trajectory of Childhood Cancer Care 4. Late Effects of Childhood
Cancer 5. Delivering Survivorship Care 6. Assuring Appropriate
Educational Support Services 7. Employment, Insurance, and Economic
Issues 8. Research Issues 9. Findings and Recommendations
Interpreting the Volume-Outcome Relationship in the Context of
Cancer Care is a summary of a workshop held on May 11, 2000, which
brought together experts to review evidence of the relationship
between volume of services and health-related outcomes for cancer
and other conditions, discuss methodological issues related to the
interpretation of the association between volume and outcome,
assess the applicability of volume as an indicator of quality of
care; and identify research needed to better understand the
volume--outcome relationship and its application to quality
improvement.
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Improving Breast Imaging Quality Standards (Paperback)
Committee on Improving Mammography Quality Standards, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, National Cancer Policy Board, Institute of Medicine; Edited by …
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R1,220
Discovery Miles 12 200
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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Mammography is an important tool for detecting breast cancer at an
early stage. When coupled with appropriate treatment, early
detection can reduce breast cancer mortality. At the request of
Congress, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned a
study to examine the current practice of mammography and breast
cancer detection, with a focus on the FDAa (TM)s oversight via the
Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), to identify areas in need
of improvement. Enacted in 1993, MQSA provides a general framework
for ensuring national quality standards in facilities performing
screening mammography, requires that each mammography facility be
accredited and certified, and mandates that facilities will undergo
annual inspections. This book recommends strategies for achieving
continued progress in assuring mammography quality, including
changes to MQSA regulation, as well as approaches that do not fall
within the purview of MQSA. Specifically, this book provides
recommendations aimed at improving mammography interpretation;
revising MQSA regulations, inspections, and enforcement; ensuring
an adequate workforce for breast cancer screening and diagnosis;
and improving breast imaging quality beyond mammography.
The National Cancer Policy Board and the Board on Science,
Engineering, and Economic Policy convened a workshop in January
2004 on a /Economic Models of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening in
Average-Risk Adultsa . The purpose of the workshop was to explore
the reasons for differences among leading cost-effectiveness
analysis (CEA) models of CRC screening, which public health policy
makers increasingly rely on to help them sift through the many
choices confronting them. Participants discussed the results of a
collaborative pre-workshop exercise undertaken by five research
teams that have developed and maintained comprehensive models of
CRC screening in average-risk adults, to gain insight into each
modela (TM)s structure and assumptions and possible explanations
for differences in their published analyses. Workshop participants
also examined the current state of knowledge on key inputs to the
models with a view toward identifying areas where further research
may be warranted. This document summarized the presentations and
discussion at the workshop.
Shortly after 1998, leading members of Georgia's government,
medical community, and public-spirited citizenry began considering
ways in which some of Georgia's almost $5 billion, 25-year
settlement from the tobacco industry's Master Settlement Agreement
with the 50 states could be used to benefit Georgia residents.
Given tobacco's role in causing cancer, they decided to create an
entity and program with the mission of making Georgia a national
leader in cancer prevention, treatment, and research. This new
entity--called the Georgia Cancer Coalition, Inc. (GCC)-- and the
state of Georgia subsequently began implementing a far-reaching
state cancer initiative that includes five strategic goals: (1)
preventing cancer and detecting existing cancers earlier; (2)
improving access to quality care for all state residents with
cancer; (3) saving more lives in the future; (4) training future
cancer researchers and caregivers; and (5) turning the eradication
of cancer into economic growth for Georgia.
"Assessing the Quality of Cancer Care" identifies a set of measures
that could be used to gauge Georgia's progress in improving the
quality of its cancer services and in reducing cancer-related
morbidity and mortality.
In Meeting Psychosocial Needs of Women with Breast Cancer, the
National Cancer Policy Board of the Institute of Medicine examines
the psychosocial consequences of the cancer experience. The book
focuses specifically on breast cancer in women because this group
has the largest survivor population (over 2 million) and this
disease is the most extensively studied cancer from the standpoint
of psychosocial effects. The book characterizes the psychosocial
consequences of a diagnosis of breast cancer, describes
psychosocial services and how they are delivered, and evaluates
their effectiveness. It assesses the status of professional
education and training and applied clinical and health services
research and proposes policies to improve the quality of care and
quality of life for women with breast cancer and their families.
Because cancer of the breast is likely a good model for cancer at
other sites, recommendations for this cancer should be applicable
to the psychosocial care provided generally to individuals with
cancer. For breast cancer, and indeed probably for any cancer, the
report finds that psychosocial services can provide significant
benefits in quality of life and success in coping with serious and
life-threatening disease for patients and their families. Table of
Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2
Epidemiology of Breast Cancer 3 Psychosocial Needs of Women with
Breast Cancer 4 Psychosocial Services and Providers 5 The
Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions for Women with Breast
Cancer 6 Delivering Psychosocial Services 7 Barriers to Appropriate
Use of Psychosocial Services 8 Research Appendix A Meeting
Psychosocial Needs of Women with Breast Cancer Appendix B Tables
and Boxes Summarizing Evidence from Clinical Trials
The nature of biomedical research has been evolving in recent
years. Technological advances that make it easier to study the vast
complexity of biological systems have led to the initiation of
projects with a larger scale and scope. In many cases, these
large-scale analyses may be the most efficient and effective way to
extract functional information from complex biological systems.
Large-Scale Biomedical Science: Exploring Strategies for Research
looks at the role of these new large-scale projects in the
biomedical sciences. Though written by the National Academies'
Cancer Policy Board, this book addresses implications of
large-scale science extending far beyond cancer research. It also
identifies obstacles to the implementation of these projects, and
makes recommendations to improve the process. The ultimate goal of
biomedical research is to advance knowledge and provide useful
innovations to society. Determining the best and most efficient
method for accomplishing that goal, however, is a continuing and
evolving challenge. The recommendations presented in Large-Scale
Biomedical Science are intended to facilitate a more open,
inclusive, and accountable approach to large-scale biomedical
research, which in turn will maximize progress in understanding and
controlling human disease. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive
Summary 1. Introduction 2. Defining "Large-Scale Science" in
Biomedical Research 3. Models of Large-Scale Science 4. Funding for
Large-Scale Science 5. Organization and Management of Large-Scale
Biomedical Research Projects 6. Training and Career Structures in
Biomedical Research 7. Intellectual Property and Access to Research
Tools and Data 8. Findings and Recommendations References Appendix
Index
Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of
death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years
of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the
Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the
proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National
Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a
national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and
early detection, including specific and wide-ranging
recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly
addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look
at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle
changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and
exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening
for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a
discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current
recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control
opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a
review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance.
Reviews of professional education and training programs, research
trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer
prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of
interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists,
health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers,
medical journalists, and patient advocates. Table of Contents Front
Matter Executive Summary 1. Introduction 2. Potential to Reduce the
Cancer Burden Through Cancer Prevention and Early Detection 3.
Lifestyle Behaviors Contributing to the Burden of Cancer 4.
Modifying Health Risk Behaviors 5. Potential of Screening to Reduce
the Burden of Cancer 6. Improving Participation in Cancer Screening
Programs 7. Adopting New Technology in the Face of Uncertain
Science: The Case of Screening for Lung Cancer 8. Professional
Education and Training 9. Federal Programs That Support Cancer
Prevention and Early Detection 10. Research Trends and
Opportunities 11. Findings, Policy Implications, and
Recommendations References Glossary Index
With the risk of more than one in three getting cancer during a
lifetime, each of us is likely to experience cancer, or know
someone who has survived cancer. Although some cancer survivors
recover with a renewed sense of life and purpose, what has often
been ignored is the toll taken by cancer and its treatment?on
health, functioning, sense of security, and well-being. Long
lasting effects of treatment may be apparent shortly after its
completion or arise years later. The transition from active
treatment to post-treatment care is critical to long-term health.
From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor focuses on survivors of
adult cancer during the phase of care that follows primary
treatment. The book raises awareness of the medical, functional,
and psychosocial consequences of cancer and its treatment. It
defines quality health care for cancer survivors and identifies
strategies to achieve it. The book also recommends improvements in
the quality of life of cancer survivors through policies that
ensure their access to psychosocial services, fair employment
practices, and health insurance. This book will be of particular
interest to cancer patients and their advocates, health care
providers and their leadership, health insurers, employers,
research sponsors, and the public and their elected
representatives. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1
Introduction 2 Cancer Survivors 3 The Medical and Psychological
Concerns of Cancer Survivors After Treatment 4 Delivering Cancer
Survivorship Care 5 Providers of Survivorship Care: Their Supply
and Education and Training 6 Employment, Insurance, and Economic
Issues 7 Research Glossary Index
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