This textbook provides a broad overview of the basic theory and methods of applied multivariate analysis. The presentation integrates both theory and practice including both the analysis of formal linear multivariate models and exploratory data analysis techniques. Each chapter contains the development of basic theoretical results with numerous applications illustrated using examples from the social and behavioral sciences, and other disciplines. All examples are analyzed using SAS for Windows Version 8.0. The book includes an overview of vectors, matrices, multivariate distribution theory, and multivariate linear models. Topics discussed include multivariate regression, multivariate analysis of variance for fixed and mixed models, seemingly unrelated regression models and repeated measurement models. While standard procedures for estimating model parameters and testing multivariate hypotheses, as well as simultaneous test procedures, are discussed and illustrated in the text, the text also includes tests of multivariate normality with chi-square and beta plots, tests of multivariate nonadditivity, tests of covariance structure, tests of nonnested hypotheses, and the assessment of model assumptions. Other topics illustrated in the text include discriminant and classification analysis, principal component analysis, canonical correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, cluster analysis, multidimension scaling, and structural equation modeling. The text should appeal to practitioners, researchers, and applied statisticians. It may be used in a one-semester course in applied multivariate analysis for practitioners and researchers, or as a two-semester course for majors in applied statistics. Because most data analyzed in the social and behavioral sciences and other disciplines involve many continuous variables, the techniques and examples. SAS programs for this book are available on the Springer website.

Univariate statistical analysis is concerned with techniques for the analysis of a single random variable. This book is about applied multivariate analysis. It was written to p- vide students and researchers with an introduction to statistical techniques for the ana- sis of continuous quantitative measurements on several random variables simultaneously. While quantitative measurements may be obtained from any population, the material in this text is primarily concerned with techniques useful for the analysis of continuous obser- tions from multivariate normal populations with linear structure. While several multivariate methods are extensions of univariate procedures, a unique feature of multivariate data an- ysis techniques is their ability to control experimental error at an exact nominal level and to provide information on the covariance structure of the data. These features tend to enhance statistical inference, making multivariate data analysis superior to univariate analysis. While in a previous edition of my textbook on multivariate analysis, I tried to precede a multivariate method with a corresponding univariate procedure when applicable, I have not taken this approach here. Instead, it is assumed that the reader has taken basic courses in multiple linear regression, analysis of variance, and experimental design. While students may be familiar with vector spaces and matrices, important results essential to multivariate analysis are reviewed in Chapter 2. I have avoided the use of calculus in this text.

The 2/1 Game Force bidding system is an improvement over the Standard American System that has been in effect and played by bridge players for many years. The advantage of the 2/1 system is that it allows the partnership to know that game is possible with only a single bid. In this book, I have tried to present the fundamental aspects of the bidding structure for playing a "pure" Two-Over-One Game Force system of bidding. In this book, I have tried to change behavior by presenting a series of bids geared toward the 2/1 bidding structure that includes Bergen, Reverse Bergen, and Combined Bergen Raises, inverted minor suit raises with crisscross and flip-flop, cuebidding, modified scroll bids, and many more methods not used in Standard American or Precision. In the fourth edition, the Minorwood Convention has been expanded and several variations of the Flannery Convention are included in this edition. I have added the Hello and SCUM conventions used to interfer over strong notrumps and a Modified Landy convention designed to compete over partnerships that employ a weak notrump bid. The Equal Level Conversion (ELC) double is discussed in Chapter 6 and additional material on slam bidding has been added to Chapter 3. The material on two-way new minor forcing and the Gazilli Convention has been expanded upon in Chapter 1 and Jacoby transfers with a superaccept structure has been added to Chapter 2. Finally, a new chapter that reviews the new Italian System of bids called Fantunes has been included in this edition. The System has been modified to be in compliance with the General Convention Chart.

The 2/1 Game Force bidding system is an improvement over the Standard American System that has been in effect and played by bridge players for many years. The advantage of the 2/1 system is that it allows the partnership to know that game is possible with only a single bid. In this book, I have tried to present the fundamental aspects of the bidding structure for playing a "pure" Two-Over-One Game Force system of bidding. This is not a book on conventions, it is a book about bridge that incorporates conventions that allow the partnership to reach game or slam. In this regard, I have incorporated modern methods for hand evaluation developed by Marty Bergen. New bidding conventions like SARS (Shape Asking Relays after Stayman), Quest transfers, and an overview of "Bridge Rules and Laws" that I hope will improve your approach to the bidding structure you may use today. In this second edition, I have included additional Bridge Rules, expanded and added material in several sections and included many more conventions common to the 2/1 Game Force System. This edition includes the Montreal club and diamond relay bids, the Kennedy club, the Kaplan interchange bid, the Ekren 2 convention, picture bids, the forcing pass, masked mini splinters, the Ingberman and Ping Pong conventions, and the Marvin two spades convention, among others. Finally, a new chapter on Precision called Simplified Precision has been added. The 2/1 Game Force bidding system is an improvement over the standard American system that has been in effect and played by bridge players for many years. The advantage of the 2/1 system is that it allows the partnership to know that game is possible with only a single bid. In this book, I have tried to present the fundamental aspects of the bidding structure for playing a "pure" two-over-one game force system of bidding. This is not a book on conventions; it is a book about bridge that incorporates conventions that allow the partnership to reach game or slam. In this regard, I have incorporated modern methods for hand evaluation developed by Marty Bergen. New bidding conventions like SARS (Shape Asking Relays after Stayman), Quest transfers, and an overview of "Bridge Rules and Laws" that I hope will improve your approach to the bidding structure you may use today. In this second edition, I have included additional bridge rules, expanded and added material in several sections and included many more conventions common to the 2/1 Game Force System. This edition includes the Montreal club and diamond relay bids, the Kennedy club, the Kaplan interchange bid, the Ekren 2 convention, picture bids, the forcing pass, masked mini splinters, the Ingberman and Ping Pong conventions, and the Marvin two spades convention, among others. Finally, a new chapter on Precision called Simplified Precision has been added. In the third edition, I have made corrections brought to my attention by several readers. The chapter on slam bidding has been expanded to include asking for aces and kings simultaneously, the Baron 4NT convention, and more. New material on Roman Jump overcalls, the Mc Cabe Adjunct and the Reverse Mc Cabe Adjunct, Bergen's Jacoby 2NT bids, Meckwell major suit bids, and Meckwell responses to minor suit openings, more on interference over strong no trump, minor suit Stayman, Kokish Relays, and several other conventions have been added to this latest edition. Finally, new chapters on Transfer Precision, the Meckwell Precision (Meckwell Lite) Bids are also included in this issue. The Meckwell Lite material (chapter 18) was developed by a Luke Gillespie and Jim Streisand and is included in the book with their kind permission.

The 2/1 Game Force bidding system is an improvement over the Standard American System that has been in effect and played by bridge players for many years. The advantage of the 2/1 system is that it allows the partnership to know that game is possible with only a single bid. In this book, I have tried to present the fundamental aspects of the bidding structure for playing a "pure" Two-Over-One Game Force system of bidding. This is not a book on conventions, it is a book about bridge that incorporates conventions that allow the partnership to reach game or slam. In this regard, I have incorporated modern methods for hand evaluation developed by Marty Bergen. New bidding conventions like SARS (Shape Asking Relays after Stayman), Quest transfers, and an overview of "Bridge Rules and Laws" that I hope will improve your approach to the bidding structure you may use today. In this second edition, I have included additional Bridge Rules, expanded and added material in several sections and included many more conventions common to the 2/1 Game Force System. This edition includes the Montreal club and diamond relay bids, the Kennedy club, the Kaplan interchange bid, the Ekren 2a'| convention, picture bids, the forcing pass, masked mini splinters, the Ingberman and Ping Pong conventions, and the Marvin two spades convention, among others. Finally, a new chapter on Precision called Simplified Precision has been added.

Basic Opening bids 1* Artificial 16] HCP 1]* 11-15 HCP with diamond shortness(May have a four card major) 1/1 11-15 HCP 5+ Majors with Combined Bergen Bidding Structure 1NT 13-15 HCP and no 5-card Major with a balanced hand 2* 11-15 HCP 6+ Clubs (may have a 4-card major) 2]* 11-15 HCP 4=4-4-1 (4-4 in Majors - Mini-Roman Modified) 2/2 5-10 HCP 6+ Cards (Weak 2-bids Vulnerable with Ogust) 2NT* 5-5 in the minors 4-8 HCP (NV) and 8-12 HCP (VUL) 3X 5-10 2/3 of top 3 Honors in the Bid Suit Vul & NV 3NT* GAMBLING solid 7+ minor suits (AKQJxxx) * Indicates forcing bids and alerts

This book covers basic and advanced features of the Two-Over-One (2/1) Game Force bidding system which include Bergen and Combined Bergen Raises, inverted minor suit raises with criss-cross and flip-flop, cue bidding, modified scroll bids, and many more methods not used in Standard American or Precision.

This is not a book on conventions, it is a book about bridge which incorporates conventions which allow the partnership to reach game or slam. In this regard, I have incorporated modern methods for hand evaluation developed by Marty Bergen. New bidding conventions like SARS (Shape Asking Relays after Stayman), Quest transfers and an overview of "Bridge Rules and Laws" which will improve your approach to the bidding structure you may use today.