In the first dialogue of its kind after the abandonment of communism in Eastern Europe, philosophers from Russia, Hungary, Canada, and the United States engage in a timely and searching exchange of views. In a critical examination of MarxisM's theory and practice, they ask: What in it was true and relevant to human progress? What are its successes, limitations, and failures? How can it be improved?

This volume brings together scholars from Russia, Hungary, Canada, and the United States to analyze and discuss the past, present, and future status of Marxist philosophy. Their contributions take on special significance in light of the changes in the economies and governments of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, and the displacement of Marxism as the official state philosophy.

The essays examine questions fundamental to Marxist philosophy: the hegemonic and post-hegemonic role of Marxism in social movements; the creative presence of Marxism in the history of philosophy and thought; its successes and the causes of its failures in theory and practice; the pathways of correction; the need to broaden Marxism by making use of Western concepts; and many other critical questions that must be raised to understand the ongoing development of Marxist thought. Essential reading for all scholars and researchers concerned with the place of Marxism in history and thought.

During the last two decades, applied ethics has not only developed into one of the most important philosophical disciplines but has also differentiated into so many subdisciplines that it is becoming increasingly difficult to survey it. A much-needed overview is provided by the eighteen contributions to this volume, in which internationally renowned experts deal with central questions of environmental ethics, bioethics and medical ethics, professional and business ethics, social, political, and legal ethics as well as with the aims and foundations of applied ethics in general. Thanks to a philosophical introduction and selected bibliographical references added to each chapter, the book is very well suited as a basis for courses in applied ethics. It is directed not only to philosophers and to ethicists from other disciplines but to scientists in general and to all people who are interested in the rational discussion of moral principles and their application to concrete problems in the sciences and in everyday life.

This book introduces mathematicians, physicists, and philosophers to a new, coherent approach to theory and interpretation of quantum physics, in which classical and quantum thinking live peacefully side by side and jointly fertilize the intuition. The formal, mathematical core of quantum physics is cleanly separated from the interpretation issues. The book demonstrates that the universe can be rationally and objectively understood from the smallest to the largest levels of modeling. The thermal interpretation featured in this book succeeds without any change in the theory. It involves one radical step, the reinterpretation of an assumption that was virtually never questioned before - the traditional eigenvalue link between theory and observation is replaced by a q-expectation link: Objective properties are given by q-expectations of products of quantum fields and what is computable from these. Averaging over macroscopic spacetime regions produces macroscopic quantities with negligible uncertainty, and leads to classical physics. - Reflects the actual practice of quantum physics. - Models the quantum-classical interface through coherent spaces. - Interprets both quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. - Eliminates probability and measurement from the foundations. - Proposes a novel solution of the measurement problem.

An interval is a natural way of specifying a number that is specified only within certain tolerances. Interval analysis consists of the tools and methods needed to solve linear and nonlinear systems of equations in the presence of data uncertainties. Applications include the sensitivity analysis of solutions of equations depending on parameters, the solution of global nonlinear problems, and the verification of results obtained by finite-precision arithmetic. In this book emphasis is laid on those aspects of the theory which are useful in actual computations. On the other hand, the theory is developed with full mathematical rigour. In order to keep the book self-contained, various results from linear algebra (Perron-Frobenius theory, M- and H- matrices) and analysis (existence of solutions to nonlinear systems) are proved, often from a novel and more general viewpoint. An extensive bibliography is included.

Numerical analysis is an increasingly important link between pure mathematics and its application in science and technology. This textbook provides an introduction to the justification and development of constructive methods that provide sufficiently accurate approximations to the solution of numerical problems, and the analysis of the influence that errors in data, finite-precision calculations, and approximation formulas have on results, problem formulation and the choice of method. It also serves as an introduction to scientific programming in MATLAB, including many simple and difficult, theoretical and computational exercises. A unique feature of this book is the consequent development of interval analysis as a tool for rigorous computation and computer assisted proofs, along with the traditional material.

Turn-taking is a fascinating feature of conversational interaction, due to its systematic and ordered nature. However, research has so far focused mainly on American and British conversations, with other varieties of English receiving much less attention. This pioneering book addresses this gap by exploring turn-taking patterns and cultural variation in Southeast Asian and Caribbean English. Bringing together research from the fields of Conversation Analysis and World Englishes for the first time, Neumaier conducts an empirical study based on authentic audio data of interactions in these global varieties of English, and demonstrates that conversational strategies differ between speaker groups with different cultural backgrounds. Shedding new light on the impact of cultural and sociolinguistic factors on conversational patterns, it is essential reading for advanced students and scholars interested in language, variation, and social interaction, as well as those working in the fields of Conversation Analysis, Interactional Linguistics, and World Englishes.

During the last two decades, applied ethics has not only developed into one of the most important philosophical disciplines but has also differentiated into so many subdisciplines that it is becoming increasingly difficult to survey it. A much-needed overview is provided by the eighteen contributions to this volume, in which internationally renowned experts deal with central questions of environmental ethics, bioethics and medical ethics, professional and business ethics, social, political, and legal ethics as well as with the aims and foundations of applied ethics in general. Thanks to a philosophical introduction and selected bibliographical references added to each chapter, the book is very well suited as a basis for courses in applied ethics. It is directed not only to philosophers and to ethicists from other disciplines but to scientists in general and to all people who are interested in the rational discussion of moral principles and their application to concrete problems in the sciences and in everyday life.

Ever since the discovery of the five platonic solids in ancient times, the study of symmetry and regularity has been one of the most fascinating aspects of mathematics. Quite often the arithmetical regularity properties of an object imply its uniqueness and the existence of many symmetries. This interplay between regularity and symmetry properties of graphs is the theme of this book. Starting from very elementary regularity properties, the concept of a distance-regular graph arises naturally as a common setting for regular graphs which are extremal in one sense or another. Several other important regular combinatorial structures are then shown to be equivalent to special families of distance-regular graphs. Other subjects of more general interest, such as regularity and extremal properties in graphs, association schemes, representations of graphs in euclidean space, groups and geometries of Lie type, groups acting on graphs, and codes are covered independently. Many new results and proofs and more than 750 references increase the encyclopaedic value of this book.

Ist der "Wertewandel" seit den 1960er Jahren ein qualitativ neuartiges Phanomen oder ist er ein Teil langerfristiger Wandlungsprozesse innerhalb der industriegesellschaftlichen Moderne? Historiker und Soziologen setzen sich kritisch mit der sozialwissenschaftlichen Wertewandelsforschung auseinander. Empirische Beitrage untersuchen Familienleitbilder, Arbeitswerte und Bildungsideale in Deutschland, in Europa und in den USA."

Theformulationofmanypracticalproblemsnaturallyinvolvesconstraintsonthe variables entering the mathematical model of a real-life situation to be analyzed. It is of great interest to ?nd the possible scenarios satisfying all constraints, and, iftherearemanyofthem, eitherto?ndthebestsolution, ortoobtainacompact, explicit representation of the whole feasible set. The 2nd Workshop on Global Constrained Optimization and Constraint S- isfaction, COCOS 2003, which took place during November 18 21, 2003 in L- sanne, Switzerland, was dedicated to theoretical, algorithmic, and application oriented advances in answering these questions. Here global optimization refers to ?nding the absolutely best feasible point, while constraint satisfaction refers to?ndingallpossiblefeasiblepoints.AsinCOCOS2002, the?rstsuchworkshop (see the proceeedings 1]), the emphasis was on complete solving techniques for problems involving continuous variables that provide all solutions with full rigor, and on applications which, however, were allowed to have relaxed standards of rigor. The participants used the opportunity to meet experts from global optimi- tion, mathematical programming, constraint programming, and applications, and to present and discuss ongoing work and new directions in the ?eld. Four invited lectures and 20 contributed talks were presented at the workshop. The invited lectures were given by John Hooker (Logic-Based Methods for Global Optimization), Jean-Pierre Merlet (Usual and Unusual Applications of Interval Analysis), Hermann Schichl (The COCONUT Optimization Environment), and Jorge Mor e (Global Optimization Computational Servers). This volume contains the text of Hooker s invited lecture and of 12 c- tributed talks. Copies of the slides for most presentations can be found at 2]. Constraintsatisfactionproblems.Threepapersfocusonalgorithmicaspects of constraint satisfaction problems."

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First International Workshop on Global Constraints Optimization and Costraint Satisfaction, COCOS 2002, held in Valbonne-Sophia Antipolis, France in October 2002.

The 15 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers address current issues in global optimization, mathematical programming, and constraint programming; they are grouped in topical sections on optimization, constraint satisfaction, and benchmarking.

Das Gabler Lexikon Werbung zeigt Ihnen alles, was Sie uber die Planung, das Management und die Kontrolle von Werbeaktivitaten wissen sollten. In mehr als 1.700 Stichwoertern erhalten Sie praxisgerechte Informationen daruber, wie sich Werbekampagnen erfolgreich vorbereiten lassen, welche Werbemittel sich fur Ihre Zwecke am besten eignen, mit welchen Werbetragern Sie Ihre Zielgruppen optimal erreichen und vieles mehr. Ein ideales Nachschlagewerk fur jeden, der in der Werbebranche arbeitet!

Boden-, Luft- und Grundwasserverunreinigungen durch gesundheitsgefahrdende Abfallstoffe z.B. durch Ablagerung auf industriell genutzten Flachen und auf Deponien oder durch Leckagen von Tanklagern, Rohrleitungen oder Abwasserkanalen sind in vielen industrialisierten Landern zu einem ernsten Problem geworden. Ein in Wissenschaft und Praxis der Sanierung von Altlasten, z.B. Deponien, Altablagerungen, alten Industriestandorten, erfahrenes Herausgeber- und Autorenteam gibt einen am Stand der Technik und am okonomisch Machbaren orientierten und kritisch bewerteten Uberblick uber die Sanierungstechnologien. Fur Industriebetriebe jeder Branche, fur Zulassungs- und Gewerbeaufsichtsamter, Behorden fur Abfall, Abwasser, Umweltschutz oder Altlastensanierung in Bund, Landern und Gemeinden, fur Unternehmen der Sanierungs-, Tiefbau- und Geotechnik, fur Politiker, Unternehmer und Verwaltungsspitzen ist das Werk ein wertvoller Ratgeber. Fur die dritte Auflage wurden alle Beitrage komplett uberarbeitet; wichtige Beitrage zu aktuellen Themen wurden zusatzlich aufgenommen.

Mit einem Geleitwort von Dr. Angela Merkel."

This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered notable attention from both industry and academia. Knowledge graphs are founded on the principle of applying a graph-based abstraction to data, and are now broadly deployed in scenarios that require integrating and extracting value from multiple, diverse sources of data at large scale. The book defines knowledge graphs and provides a high-level overview of how they are used. It presents and contrasts popular graph models that are commonly used to represent data as graphs, and the languages by which they can be queried before describing how the resulting data graph can be enhanced with notions of schema, identity, and context. The book discusses how ontologies and rules can be used to encode knowledge as well as how inductive techniques-based on statistics, graph analytics, machine learning, etc.-can be used to encode and extract knowledge. It covers techniques for the creation, enrichment, assessment, and refinement of knowledge graphs and surveys recent open and enterprise knowledge graphs and the industries or applications within which they have been most widely adopted. The book closes by discussing the current limitations and future directions along which knowledge graphs are likely to evolve. This book is aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners who wish to learn more about knowledge graphs and how they facilitate extracting value from diverse data at large scale. To make the book accessible for newcomers, running examples and graphical notation are used throughout. Formal definitions and extensive references are also provided for those who opt to delve more deeply into specific topics.

Gerechtigkeit ist ein Thema, das Wissenschaft und Politik, Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften und viele philosophische Schulen gleichermassen interessiert. Aufgrund seiner Relevanz und integrativen Kraft wurde "Gerechtigkeit" zum Thema eines internationalen Kongresses, den die Osterreichische Gesellschaft fur Philosophie im Februar 2004 ausgerichtet hat. Namhafte internationale Gaste haben ihre Gedanken zu Fragen der Gerechtigkeit dargelegt. So entsteht eine tour d'horizon des gegenwartigen Fragens nach Gerechtigkeit. Neben den Hauptvortragen des Kongresses (Wolfgang Kersting, Peter Koller, Avishai Margalit, Onora O'Neill) umfasst der Band Highlights des Kongresses, die um das Thema "Gerechtigkeit" kreisen."

Boden-, Luft- und Grundwasserverunreinigungen durch gesundheitsgefahrdende Abfallstoffe z.B. durch Ablagerung auf industriell genutzten Flachen und auf Deponien oder durch Lekkagen von Tanklagern, Rohrleitungen oder Abwasserkanalen sind in vielen industrialisierten Landern zu einem ernsten Problem geworden. Ein in Wissenschaft und Praxis der Sanierung von Altlasten, z.B. Deponien, Altablagerungen, alte Industriestandorte, erfahrenes Herausgeber- und Autorenteam gibt einen am Stand der Technik und am okonomisch Machbaren orientierten und kritisch bewerteten Uberblick uber die Sanierungstechnologien. Fur Industriebetriebe jeder Branche, fur Zulassungs- und Gewerbeaufsichtsamter, Behorden fur Abfall, Abwasser, Umweltschutz oder Altlastensanierung in Bund, Landern und Gemeinden, fur Unternehmen der Sanierungs-, Tiefbau- und Geotechnik, fur Politiker, Unternehmer und Verwaltungsspitzen ist das Werk ein wertvoller Ratgeber. Fur die zweite Auflage wurden alle Beitrage dem aktuellen Stand angepasst; einige Beitrage sind komplett uberarbeitet worden.

Das Gabler Lexikon Werbung zeigt Ihnen alles, was Sie uber die Planung, das Management und die Kontrolle von Werbeaktivitaten wissen sollten. In mehr als 1.700 Stichwortern erhalten Sie praxisgerechte Informationen daruber, wie sich Werbekampagnen erfolgreich vorbereiten lassen, welche Werbemittel sich fur Ihre Zwecke am besten eignen, mit welchen Werbetragern Sie Ihre Zielgruppen optimal erreichen und vieles mehr. Ein ideales Nachschlagewerk fur jeden, der in der Werbebranche arbeitet

Auf der Basis eines interdisziplinaren Ansatzes entwirft Maria Neumaier ein Vertrauensmodell, das die Entstehung von Vertrauen als Resultat bewusster und unbewusster, kognitiver und emotionaler Prozesse im Individuum verdeutlicht. In einem Experiment wird anschliessend mit Hilfe einer EEG-Messung die Bedeutung unbewusster Prozesse bei der Entstehung von Vertrauen nachgewiesen."

Thomas Boehler - Otto Neumaier - Gottfried Schweiger - Clemens Sedmak Das vorliegende Werk ist das Ergebnis einer Zusammenarbeit, die anlasslich der vom Zentrum fur Ethik und Armutsforschung der Universitat Salzburg und der Sa- burg Ethik Initiative veranstalteten Konferenz Perspectives on Work im Mai begonnen wurde. Es stellt den Versuch dar, sich aus unterschiedlichen themati schen aber auch disziplinaren Perspektiven dem Phanomen der Arbeit zu nahern und damit auch einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung von Loesungsvorschlagen zu leis ten. Auch wenn sich spatestens seit dem Ende des Vollbeschaftigungstraums in den er Jah ren eine weitreichende Debatte um den Begri und die Zukunft der Ar beit, um neue und alternative Arbeitsformen, um die Aufgaben des Staates und der OEko nomie sowie um den Umgang mit Arbeitslosigkeit entwickelt hat, sind namlich die damit verbundenen Probleme noch lange nicht geloest. Der herausragende Status von (Erwerbs-)Arbeit in den Arbeitsgesellschaften des . Jahrhunderts, seien sie nun fordistisch oder po- fordistisch, Wissens- oder Informationsgesellschaften genannt, stellt vielmehr noch immer eine Herausforderung dar, der sich der Einzelne, die Gesell schaft, die Politik und auch die Wissenschaft nicht entziehen kann. Dabei stellen sich die Fragen und Probleme auf unterschiedlicher E bene, weshalb wir uns auch entschlos sen haben, uns ei ner gewissen Systematik folgend aber in Einzelbeitragen dem Thema zu nahern. Arbeit, so lasst sich sagen, ist Teil der conditio humana, gerade auch uber die Umbruche ihr es Verstandnisses und ihrer Organisation hinweg.

Maria Neumaier entwickelt ein Modell, das den Prozess der Imagebildung aus psychologischer und neurologischer Sicht systematisch beschreibt. Sie leitet aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen Gestaltungshinweise ab.