First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This volume considers the emergence and development of modern retailing from an historical and management perspective in the period 1750-1950. The history of retail business development is an under researched area and these studies address the need for further research and provide examples of current research activity. The book considers the early emergence of retail forms in the late 18th century, the evolution of retail forms in the 19th century and the late adaptation of retail innovation in the early 20th century.

Retail has been considered national, or even local in character. In the 1990s a different environment emerged. The increasing dominance of distribution channels by large retailers, the emergence of global regional trading areas such as the single European market, and the convergence of international consumer tastes have led to a shift in perspectives. The large retail enterprise which does not think on an international basis faces marginalization by those competitors who are building international operations. This work brings together management researchers in the areas of international retailing. They offer an insight into the mechanisms which are driving forward the internationalization of retailing.

First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The history of retail business development is an under-researched area. This book considers the emergence and development of modern retailing from an historical and management perspective in the period 1750-1950, addressing the need for further research and providing examples of current research activity. It considers the early emergence of retail forms in the late eighteenth century, the evolution of retail forms in the nineteenth century, and the late adaptation of retail management in the early twentieth century.

Retail has been considered national, or even local in character. In the 1990s a different environment emerged. The increasing dominance of distribution channels by large retailers, the emergence of global regional trading areas such as the single European market, and the convergence of international consumer tastes have led to a shift in perspectives. The large retail enterprise which does not think on an international basis faces marginalization by those competitors who are building international operations. This work brings together management researchers in the areas of international retailing. They offer an insight into the mechanisms which are driving forward the internationalization of retailing.

Based on the successful international retailing textbook by Nicholas Alexander, this new textbook has been designed to deliver a clear understanding of the retail internationalisation process, considering the supporting theoretical frameworks, international retail activity, and the management of international operations.
Structured around four parts, the text guides students through the internationalisation process, considering international markets and how retail enterprises operate within them, before ending with a concluding section that considers future trends. The authors discuss what is happening in international retailing, who is making it happen, why it is happening in the way that it is, and how it is happening. The book therefore examines the international retail process in its entirety by reflecting on contemporary research and the practicalities of international retail activity.
The textbook will be accompanied by an online resource centre. The ORC will comprise the following features:
Student site:
Web exercises
Weblinks
Glossary of terms
Multiple choice questions
Revision questions
Lecturer site (password protected):
PowerPoint slides
Revision comments/updates for the textbook
Lecturer's guide (explanatory notes and background article guidance for non-research active staff)
Seminar and discussion questions
Exam questions

Nicholas was born in London on September 29th 1957. In Athens, in mid-September, 1977, after a flash of inspiration, on a bus, on the way home from Kiffissia, to Metamorphosis, in the suburbs of Athens-he wrote his first poem. He was nineteen. At the age of twenty-nine, during June, 1987, he began to get sudden bursts of inspiration and started writing poetry very frequently. Being obsessive-compulsive, he noted the time that he began and ended each poem. He writes poetry in exited haste, trying to get it all on paper while the inspiration lasts. In 2009 and 2010 he had more flashes of 'inspiration' than ever before. Sometimes, he calls them his 'visions.'