This book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth study on efficient beamforming design and rigorous performance analysis in mmWave networks, covering beam alignment, beamforming training and beamforming-aided caching. Due to significant beam alignment latency between the transmitter and the receiver in existing mmWave systems, this book proposes a machine learning based beam alignment algorithm for mmWave networks to determine the optimal beam pair with a low latency. Then, to analyze and enhance the performance of beamforming training (BFT) protocol in 802.11ad mmWave networks, an analytical model is presented to evaluate the performance of BFT protocol and an enhancement scheme is proposed to improve its performance in high user density scenarios. Furthermore, it investigates the beamforming-aided caching problem in mmWave networks, and proposes a device-to-device assisted cooperative edge caching to alleviate backhaul congestion and reduce content retrieval delay. This book concludes with future research directions in the related fields of study. The presented beamforming designs and the corresponding research results covered in this book, provides valuable insights for practical mmWave network deployment and motivate new ideas for future mmWave networking. This book targets researchers working in the fields of mmWave networks, beamforming design, and resource management as well as graduate students studying the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering and computer science. Professionals in industry who work in this field will find this book useful as a reference.

This monograph addresses fundamental syntactic issues of classifier constructions, based on a thorough study of a typical classifier language, Mandarin Chinese. It shows that the contrast between count and mass is not binary. Instead, there are two independently attested features: Numerability, the ability of a noun to combine with a numeral directly, and Delimitability, the ability of a noun to be modified by a delimitive modifier, such as size, shape, or boundary modifier. Although all nouns in Chinese are non-count nouns, there is still a mass/non-mass contrast, with mass nouns selected by individuating classifiers and non-mass nouns selected by individual classifiers. Some languages have the counterparts of Chinese individuating classifiers only, some languages have the counterparts of Chinese individual classifiers only, and some other languages have no counterpart of either individual or individuating classifiers of Chinese. The book also reports that unit plurality can be expressed by reduplicative classifiers in the language. Moreover, for the constituency of a numeral expression, an individual, individuating, or kind classifier combines with the noun first and then the numeral is integrated; but a partitive or collective classifier, like a measure word, combines with the numeral first, before the noun is integrated into the whole nominal structure. Furthermore, the book identifies the syntactic positions of various uses of classifiers in the language. A classifier is at a functional head position that has a dependency with a numeral, or a position that has a dependency with a generic or existential quantifier, or a position that represents the singular-plural contrast, or a position that licenses a delimitive modifier when the classifier occurs in a compound.

This monograph addresses the spectrum-scarcity problem by providing a comprehensive overview of spectrum resource management in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). It shows a variety of CRSN applications covering Machine-to-Machine communications, cyber physical systems and Internet-of-Things. The authors explore the benefits of an integrated energy efficient spectrum management solution for CRSNs including spectrum sensing, decision and allocation. Both theoretical and experimental aspects of CRSNs are covered in detail. Academics, researchers and developers will find this monograph an exceptional resource with valuable knowledge and insights. It also has extensive references from top journals, conference proceedings, books and standards.

This book introduces wireless traffic steering as a paradigm to realize green communication in multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks. By matching network resources and dynamic mobile traffic demand, traffic steering helps to reduce on-grid power consumption with on-demand services provided. This book reviews existing solutions from the perspectives of energy consumption reduction and renewable energy harvesting. Specifically, it explains how traffic steering can improve energy efficiency through intelligent traffic-resource matching. Several promising traffic steering approaches for dynamic network planning and renewable energy demand-supply balancing are discussed. This book presents an energy-aware traffic steering method for networks with energy harvesting, which optimizes the traffic allocated to each cell based on the renewable energy status. Renewable energy demand-supply balancing is a key factor in energy dynamics, aimed at enhancing renewable energy sustainability to reduce on-grid energy consumption. Dynamic network planning adjusts cell density with traffic variations to provide on-demand service, which reduces network power consumption with quality of service provisioning during off-peak hours. With intra- or inter-tier traffic steering, cell density is dynamically optimized with regards to the instant traffic load for conventional homogeneous and multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks, respectively. This book is beneficial for researchers and graduate students interested in traffic management and future wireless networking.

The papers of the volume mirror the ongoing debate on approaches towards two related topics: conjunction and ellipsis. The major issues are the syntactic relationship between the conjuncts, the syntactic category of the conjunction words, the size of the conjuncts, the syntactic and semantic status of the null elements, and semantic and information structural restrictions. A wide range of facts from various languages are explored in relation to phrasal coordination, Gapping, Pseudogapping, VP-ellipsis, and Sluicing.

This book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth discussion of the state-of-the-art research literature and propose energy-efficient computation offloading and resources management for mobile edge computing (MEC), covering task offloading, channel allocation, frequency scaling and resource scheduling. Since the task arrival process and channel conditions are stochastic and dynamic, the authors first propose an energy efficient dynamic computing offloading scheme to minimize energy consumption and guarantee end devices' delay performance. To further improve energy efficiency combined with tail energy, the authors present a computation offloading and frequency scaling scheme to jointly deal with the stochastic task allocation and CPU-cycle frequency scaling for minimal energy consumption while guaranteeing the system stability. They also investigate delay-aware and energy-efficient computation offloading in a dynamic MEC system with multiple edge servers, and introduce an end-to-end deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to select the best edge server for offloading and allocate the optimal computational resource such that the expected long-term utility is maximized. Finally, the authors study the multi-task computation offloading in multi-access MEC via non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and accounting for the time-varying channel conditions. An online algorithm based on DRL is proposed to efficiently learn the near-optimal offloading solutions. Researchers working in mobile edge computing, task offloading and resource management, as well as advanced level students in electrical and computer engineering, telecommunications, computer science or other related disciplines will find this book useful as a reference. Professionals working within these related fields will also benefit from this book.

Coordination in syntax is an important part of the analysis of sentence structure. Niina Ning Zhang addresses the issues raised by coordinate pairings and the implications of these structures, looking in particular at examples within English and Chinese. The volume covers the major questions regarding coordinates in syntax, providing a fresh perspective to arguments raised within previous literature. She explains how such coordinate complexes are structured, how some coordinators can be combined in parts of speech, the fixed nature of some of these pairings and what changes exist between the coordinate and non-coordinate constructions. The theories raised are backed up by a rich variety of examples as well as providing a cross-linguistic perspective, contextualising these ideas within current syntactic research.

This book examines the ways in which Confucian political culture operates in contemporary Chinese politics and influences its development. The author argues that the authoritarian political culture performs functions similar to the democratic political culture, drawing on a wide range of data-surveys, interviews, archives, Public Hearing Meeting records, and the Party Congress Reports of the Chinese Communist Party-to substantiate and illustrate these arguments. In an authoritarian political system, the "legitimating values" of the authoritarian political culture persuade the public of their government's legitimacy and the "engaging values" equip individuals with a set of cultural dispositions, resources, and skills to acquire political resources and services from the state. In the context of Chinese politics, personal connections infused with affection and trust-the Social Capital in the Confucian culture-facilitate political engagement. Despite the country's continuous advocacy for the "rule of law," state and public perceptions of legal professionals and legal practices, such as mediation and lawyer-judge relations, are fundamentally moralized. A new "people ideology," which originated in the Confucian political culture, has been re-appropriated to legitimate the Party's hegemonic governing position and policies.

This book examines the ways in which Confucian political culture operates in contemporary Chinese politics and influences its development. The author argues that the authoritarian political culture performs functions similar to the democratic political culture, drawing on a wide range of data-surveys, interviews, archives, Public Hearing Meeting records, and the Party Congress Reports of the Chinese Communist Party-to substantiate and illustrate these arguments. In an authoritarian political system, the "legitimating values" of the authoritarian political culture persuade the public of their government's legitimacy and the "engaging values" equip individuals with a set of cultural dispositions, resources, and skills to acquire political resources and services from the state. In the context of Chinese politics, personal connections infused with affection and trust-the Social Capital in the Confucian culture-facilitate political engagement. Despite the country's continuous advocacy for the "rule of law," state and public perceptions of legal professionals and legal practices, such as mediation and lawyer-judge relations, are fundamentally moralized. A new "people ideology," which originated in the Confucian political culture, has been re-appropriated to legitimate the Party's hegemonic governing position and policies.

The scope of this book covers the modeling and forecast of renewable energy and operation and planning of power system with renewable energy integration.The first part presents mathematical theories of stochastic mathematics; the second presents modeling and analytic techniques for renewable energy generation; the third provides solutions on how to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy in power system operation. It includes advanced stochastic unit commitment models to acquire the optimal generation schedule under uncertainty, efficient algorithms to calculate the probabilistic power, and an efficient operation strategy for renewable power plants participating in electricity markets.

This book introduces wireless traffic steering as a paradigm to realize green communication in multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks. By matching network resources and dynamic mobile traffic demand, traffic steering helps to reduce on-grid power consumption with on-demand services provided. This book reviews existing solutions from the perspectives of energy consumption reduction and renewable energy harvesting. Specifically, it explains how traffic steering can improve energy efficiency through intelligent traffic-resource matching. Several promising traffic steering approaches for dynamic network planning and renewable energy demand-supply balancing are discussed. This book presents an energy-aware traffic steering method for networks with energy harvesting, which optimizes the traffic allocated to each cell based on the renewable energy status. Renewable energy demand-supply balancing is a key factor in energy dynamics, aimed at enhancing renewable energy sustainability to reduce on-grid energy consumption. Dynamic network planning adjusts cell density with traffic variations to provide on-demand service, which reduces network power consumption with quality of service provisioning during off-peak hours. With intra- or inter-tier traffic steering, cell density is dynamically optimized with regards to the instant traffic load for conventional homogeneous and multi-tier heterogeneous cellular networks, respectively. This book is beneficial for researchers and graduate students interested in traffic management and future wireless networking.

This brief investigates spectrum efficient and energy efficient strategies, known as cognitive radio networks (CRNs), to ensure secure cooperation between licensed and unlicensed users. The authors address issues of spectrum scarcity, spectrum sensing, transmission performance, trust-aware cooperation, and secure communications. Two security-aware cooperation based spectrum access schemes are presented. The first is a trust-aware cooperative framework for CRNs to improve the throughput or energy efficiency of licensed users and offer transmission opportunities to unlicensed users, taking into consideration the trustworthiness of unlicensed users. The second scheme is a cooperative framework to enhance secure communications of licensed users. An introduction to CRNs and literature survey enhance the discussion while numerical results are provided to demonstrate the viability of the proposed schemes. The brief is designed for researchers and professionals working with cognitive radio networks or interested in cooperation based access. Advanced-level students studying computer communication networks and communications engineering will also find this brief useful.

This monograph addresses fundamental syntactic issues of classifier constructions, based on a thorough study of a typical classifier language, Mandarin Chinese. It shows that the contrast between count and mass is not binary. Instead, there are two independently attested features: Numerability, the ability of a noun to combine with a numeral directly, and Delimitability, the ability of a noun to be modified by a delimitive modifier, such as size, shape, or boundary modifier. Although all nouns in Chinese are non-count nouns, there is still a mass/non-mass contrast, with mass nouns selected by individuating classifiers and non-mass nouns selected by individual classifiers. Some languages have the counterparts of Chinese individuating classifiers only, some languages have the counterparts of Chinese individual classifiers only, and some other languages have no counterpart of either individual or individuating classifiers of Chinese. The book also reports that unit plurality can be expressed by reduplicative classifiers in the language. Moreover, for the constituency of a numeral expression, an individual, individuating, or kind classifier combines with the noun first and then the numeral is integrated; but a partitive or collective classifier, like a measure word, combines with the numeral first, before the noun is integrated into the whole nominal structure. Furthermore, the book identifies the syntactic positions of various uses of classifiers in the language. A classifier is at a functional head position that has a dependency with a numeral, or a position that has a dependency with a generic or existential quantifier, or a position that represents the singular-plural contrast, or a position that licenses a delimitive modifier when the classifier occurs in a compound.

The scope of this book covers the modeling and forecast of renewable energy and operation and planning of power system with renewable energy integration.The first part presents mathematical theories of stochastic mathematics; the second presents modeling and analytic techniques for renewable energy generation; the third provides solutions on how to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy in power system operation. It includes advanced stochastic unit commitment models to acquire the optimal generation schedule under uncertainty, efficient algorithms to calculate the probabilistic power, and an efficient operation strategy for renewable power plants participating in electricity markets.

This book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth study on efficient beamforming design and rigorous performance analysis in mmWave networks, covering beam alignment, beamforming training and beamforming-aided caching. Due to significant beam alignment latency between the transmitter and the receiver in existing mmWave systems, this book proposes a machine learning based beam alignment algorithm for mmWave networks to determine the optimal beam pair with a low latency. Then, to analyze and enhance the performance of beamforming training (BFT) protocol in 802.11ad mmWave networks, an analytical model is presented to evaluate the performance of BFT protocol and an enhancement scheme is proposed to improve its performance in high user density scenarios. Furthermore, it investigates the beamforming-aided caching problem in mmWave networks, and proposes a device-to-device assisted cooperative edge caching to alleviate backhaul congestion and reduce content retrieval delay. This book concludes with future research directions in the related fields of study. The presented beamforming designs and the corresponding research results covered in this book, provides valuable insights for practical mmWave network deployment and motivate new ideas for future mmWave networking. This book targets researchers working in the fields of mmWave networks, beamforming design, and resource management as well as graduate students studying the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering and computer science. Professionals in industry who work in this field will find this book useful as a reference.

As one of the Series of Approaching China, this book presents a full view of China's natural rubber market, provides analysis and suggestions on how to approaching this fast growing market. In order to help readers understand the current market environment and know the business rules, culture and characteristics in China, this book includes the introduction on the market shares, competition, key players, market segmentation, import & export changes, sales channel, buyer's behavior, entry barriers, industrial environment and policy trends; introduces the procedure for practicing rubber business in China, Chinese inspection & standards system, a list of major importers & agencies and annual trade fairs in China. In terms of the writing method, for convenience of readers, authors of this book greatly use a form of illustration plus text analysis and presentation. Through the combination of multiple chart forms such as flow chart, system chart, distribution graph, tendency chart and proportion chart, Approaching the Natural Rubber Market in China visually presents readers with a picture of the Chinese market conditions as well as guidance for entry.

As one of the Series of Approaching China, this book presents a full view of China's grain and oil market, provides analysis and suggestions on how to approaching this fast growing market. In order to help readers understand the current market environment and know the business rules, culture and characteristics in China, this book includes the introduction on the market shares, competition, key players, market segmentation, import & export changes, sales channel, buyer's behavior, entry barriers, industrial environment and policy trends; introduces the procedure for practicing grain and oil business in China, Chinese inspection & standards system, a list of major importers & agencies and annual trade fairs in China. This book consists of two independent parts, the Guidance for Processed Grain Market in China and the Guidance for Palm Oil Market in China. In terms of the writing method, for convenience of readers, authors of this book greatly use a form of illustration plus text analysis and presentation. Through the combination of multiple chart forms such as flow chart, system chart, distribution graph, tendency chart and proportion chart, Approaching the Grain & Oil Industries in China visually presents readers with a picture of the Chinese market conditions as well as guidance for entry.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) expanded rural Medicaid and Medicare coverage. However, factors that contribute to productivity growth in hospital-based rural health clinics are less known. This book makes a contribution by investigating the impact of organizational factors on productivity growth, while recognizing that contextual factors also affect productivity growth rates. For the years 2005 to 2008, hospital-based rural health clinics in the US showed significant growth in productivity. Prospective payment system was negatively related with productivity growth rates. Newer facilities had higher productivity. Facilities in proximity to urban areas had higher productivity. Physician availability was positively related to productivity. Therefore, specific provisions of PPACA to attract and retain physicians to rural areas and expand rural health coverage need to be implemented. This book would benefit policy makers, practitioners and researchers engaged in rural health services.

As one of the Series of Approaching China, this book presents a full view of China's meat products market, provides analysis and suggestions on how to approaching this fast growing market. In order to help readers understand the current market environment and know the business rules, culture and characteristics in China, this book includes the introduction on the market shares, competition, key players, market segmentation, import & export changes, sales channel, buyer's behavior, entry barriers, industrial environment and policy trends; introduces the procedure for practicing meat products business in China, Chinese inspection & standards system, a list of major importers & agencies and annual trade fairs in China. In terms of the writing method, for convenience of readers, authors of this book greatly use a form of illustration plus text analysis and presentation. Through the combination of multiple chart forms such as flow chart, system chart, distribution graph, tendency chart and proportion chart, Approaching the Meat Product Markets in China visually presents readers with a picture of the Chinese market conditions as well as guidance for entry.

As one of the Series of Approaching China, this book presents a full view of China's fruit industry, provides analysis and suggestions on how to approaching this fast growing market. In order to help readers understand the current market environment and know the business rules, culture and characteristics in China, this book includes the introduction on the market shares, competition, key players, market segmentation, import & export changes, sales channel, buyer's behavior, entry barriers, industrial environment and policy trends; introduces the procedure for practicing fruit business in China, Chinese inspection & standards system, a list of major importers & agencies and annual trade fairs in China. In terms of the writing method, for convenience of readers, authors of this book greatly use a form of illustration plus text analysis and presentation. Through the combination of multiple chart forms such as flow chart, system chart, distribution graph, tendency chart and proportion chart, Approaching the Fruit Industries in China visually presents readers with a picture of the Chinese market conditions as well as guidance for entry.

As one of the Series of Approaching China, this book presents a full view of China's confectionery market, provides analysis and suggestions on how to approaching this fast growing market. In order to help readers understand the current market environment and know the business rules, culture and characteristics in China, this book includes the introduction on the market shares, competition, key players, market segmentation, import & export changes, sales channel, buyer's behavior, entry barriers, industrial environment and policy trends; introduces the procedure for practicing confectionery business in China, Chinese inspection & standards system, a list of major importers & agencies and annual trade fairs in China. This book consists of two independent parts, the Guidance for Confectionery Market in China and the Guidance for Chocolate Market in China. In terms of the writing method, for convenience of readers, authors of this book greatly use a form of illustration plus text analysis and presentation. Through the combination of multiple chart forms such as flow chart, system chart, distribution graph, tendency chart and proportion chart, Approaching the Confectionery Markets in China visually presents readers with a picture of the Chinese market conditions as well as guidance for entry.

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, aus der theoretischen Sicht jeweilige phasenbezogene Entscheidungssituationen zu analysieren und Anforderungen an die Bewertungsinstrumente in Produktinnovationsprozessen abzuleiten. Um die Effizienz und Effektivit t von Innovationsprozessen in der Praxis zu steigern, existieren in der Forschung zahlreiche Innovationsmodelle. Ihnen wird eine gro e Bedeutung f r den Innovationserfolg beigemessen. So vielf ltig wie die Einsatzm glichkeiten von Prozessmodellen sind, so vielf ltig sind auch die Ausgestaltungen der Modelle, die von der jeweiligen Zielsetzung des Unternehmens abh ngen. Somit gibt es nicht "das" richtige Innovationsprozessmodell. Ein Ziel der Studie ist es daher, die Ausgestaltung verschiedener Innovationsprozessmodelle darzustellen und kritisch zu vergleichen. Ein weiteres Ziel besteht in der Analyse der wichtigsten Entscheidungssituationen im Innovationsprozess und der Ableitung allgemeiner und phasenbezogener Anforderungen an Bewertungsinstrumente.