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Out of 1500 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from patients who
were admitted to different maternity clinics in Dhaka city, 111
optochin resistant strains were isolated. As a confirmatory test of
Streptococcus pneumoniae, i.e., Bile solubility was checked. A
total of 37 optochin resistant bile soluble isolates were obtained,
designated as optochin resistant bile soluble S. pneumoniae as
other - hemolytic streptococci are not bile soluble. For further
identification, bile soluble isolates were subjected to PCR of the
lytA gene specific for S. pneumonia an 32 (87%) isolates were found
to be lytA positive. Thus, it can be suggested that for
confirmatory identification of S. pneumoniae, bile solubility test
together with PCR of lytA gene should be carried out in routine
microbilogical investigation. Antimicrobial susceptibility test
revealed multiple drug resistance among the organisms. About 64.86%
were resistant to more than three agents (multi drug resistant).
Higher MIC values were obtained for azithromycin ( 256 microg/ml),
erythromycin ( 256 microg/ml) and ciprofloxacin ( 8 microg/ml)
considering the CLSI break point.
Strains of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from the patients
admitted to the diarrhoea treatment center of ICDDR, B were
characterized both at the phenotypic and genotypic levels.
Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 61% of the strains (n
= 19) were sensitive to all the antibiotics used for empirical
treatment of paratyphoid fever and 32% strains (n = 10) were
resistant only to nalidixic acid. Most of the strains that showed
reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, having elevated MIC value
(0.5ug/ml). A point mutation in the gyrA gene was observed at codon
83 (TCC to TTC), which substitutes phenylalanine for. This clearly
indicates that a significant number of the S. Paratyphi A strains
with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin has been evolved. Of
31 strains, 16 (52%) of S. Paratyphi A strains harbored 35 MDa
middle-ranged and non-conjugative plasmid. Pulse-field gel
electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that most of the strains (83%) were
clonal regardless of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.
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