World is facing a rising epidemic of global environmental problems. Modern communication has brought us into a closer contact with every part of the world; we are compelled to recognize that all the Earth inhabitants share a common environment and its related problems. With the onset of industrial revolution in 1700s, increasing use of fossil fuels has resulted in enormous emissions of Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere on burning. The increasing domestic and industrial energy demands coupled with an increase in the technological abilities has strengthened our potential for altering the environment we live. This present study aims to calculate carbon footprint of energy consumption in Nestle' milk collection centers in Pakistan. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006 aids in the various calculation that are undertaken in carbon footprint estimation. It is estimated that a total of 5337.076 tons of Carbon Dioxide emissions results from energy consumption by the milk collection centers all over the Pakistan. The aim for all is Carbon neutrality, which though is quite hard to achieve but is not impossible.

The removal of heavy metals from the wastewater is a matter of concern for many countries but is a key issue in developing countries like Pakistan. These heavy metals are of serious health and environmental concern and there is a need to discover new and effective methods for their removal from industrial effluents. Removal of Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) from industrial wastewater was studied using metal oxide nanoparticles such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO). The metal oxide nanoparticles provide high adsorption capacity, simple operation and rapid adsorption.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are now believed to be superior in treating industrial effluent, especially effluent of textile industry because of their several advantages over other treatment techniques, including conventional and biological treatment methods. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the efficiency of AOPs, including Hydrogen Per Oxide alone, Fenton, Photo-Fenton, Solar Radiation assisted Photo-Fenton and Ozonation for the color and COD removal of textile effluent. AOPs are proven to be the efficient method for the treatment of textile effluent. The performance of Fenton process was slightly better. Ozonation was proved to be highly feasible and promising technique to decolorize and reduce COD from textile effluent but it is very costly. Photo-Fenton process via UV lamp considerably removed the color and COD but it is not economically viable. Photo-Fenton (sunlight) proved to be the most cost effective and efficient procedure for the color and COD removal among all AOP's, whereas Fenton process to be the second best option. So Solar assisted Photo-Fenton proved as the most energy and cost effective process among all AOPs.

The present study is the evaluation of total economic benefits generated by the solid waste management activities. To assess the financial viability/ sustainability and evaluation of social acceptability and likely economic benefits to the locals in terms of their improved status of life by the implementation of the Integrated Waste Management System. The study concludes that the proposed management system does not involve any long term irreversible negative impacts. Most of the negative impacts identified in the study are temporary and manageable through adopting the Social Management Plan, by providing monitoring arrangements and resources during design, construction and operation stages of the project.