At the beginning of the 19th century, "Christendom" was still largely restricted to Europe and the Americas. But by the end of the century this picture had been radically transformed. Spreading the Christian message through mission and colonialism had changed the map of global Christianity. Moreover, challenged by new political ideologies such as Liberalism and Socialism, as well as encounters with other religions, the face of Christianity had changed towards the beginning of the 20th century. This volume relates the dynamics of Christianity during the 19th century in ten chapters, addressing parts of the world where Christianity played a role of significance, such as Russia, Africa and the Middle East, as well as the confrontations with different ideologies. Contributors are: Margaret Bendroth, Martin Dreher, Christian Gottlieb, Andreas Holzem, Klaus Koschorke, Frieder Ludwig, Hugh McLeod, Mitri Raheb, Ulrike Schroeder, Kevin Ward. This is part of a three volume work on the history of global Christianity. The first volume covers the period from 1500-1789 (Brill, 2017); the third volume, on the 20th century, will be published in 2018.