Written chemical formulas, such as C2H6O, can tell us the constituent atoms a molecule contains but they cannot differentiate between the possible geometrical arrangements (isomers) of these models. Yet the chemical properties of different isomers can vary hugely. Therefore, to understand the world of chemistry we need to ask what kind of isomers can be produced from a given atomic composition, how are isomers converted into each other, how do they decompose into smaller pieces, and how can they be made from smaller pieces? The answers to these questions will help us to discover new chemistry and new molecules. A potential energy surface (PES) describes a system, such as a molecule, based on geometrical parameters. The mathematical properties of the PES can be used to calculate probable isomer structures as well as how they are formed and how they might behave. Exploration on Quantum Chemical Potential Energy Surfaces focuses on the PES search based on quantum chemical calculations. It describes how to explore the chemical world on PES, discusses fundamental methods and specific techniques developed for efficient exploration on PES, and demonstrates several examples of the PES search for chemical structures and reaction routes.

This open access book studies how foreign models of economic development can be effectively learned by and applied to today’s latecomer countries. Policy capacity and societal learning are increasingly stressed as pre-conditions for successful catch-up. However, how such learning should be initiated by individual societies with different features needs to be explained. The book answers this pragmatic question from the perspective of Japan’s past experience and its extensive development cooperation in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the late nineteenth century, Japan has developed a unique philosophy and method for adopting advanced technologies and systems from the West; the same philosophy and method govern its current cooperation with the developing world. The key concepts are local learning and translative adaptation. Local learning says that development requires the learner to adopt a proactive mindset and the goal of graduating from receiving aid. Meanwhile, translative adaptation requires foreign models be modified to fit local realities given the different structures of the home and foreign society. The development process must be wholly owned by the domestic society in rejection of copy-and-paste acceptance. These ideas not only informed Japan but are key to successful development for all. The book also asks how this learning method should—or should not—be revised in the age of SDGs and digitalization. Following the overview section that lays out the general principles, the book offers many real cases from Japan and other countries. The concrete actions outlined in these cases, with close attention to individual growth “ingredients� as opposed to general theories, are crucial to successful policy making. The book contains materials that are highly useful for national leaders and practitioners within developing countries as well as students of development studies. 

This volume contains papers by invited speakers of the symposium "Zeta Functions, Topology and Quantum Physics" held at Kinki U- versity in Osaka, Japan, during the period of March 3-6, 2003. The aims of this symposium were to establish mutual understanding and to exchange ideas among researchers working in various fields which have relation to zeta functions and zeta values. We are very happy to add this volume to the series Developments in Mathematics from Springer. In this respect, Professor Krishnaswami Alladi helped us a lot by showing his keen and enthusiastic interest in publishing this volume and by contributing his paper with Alexander Berkovich. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Kinki University. We would like to thank Professor Megumu Munakata, Vice-Rector of Kinki University, and Professor Nobuki Kawashima, Director of School of Interdisciplinary Studies of Science and Engineering, Kinki Univ- sity, for their interest and support. We also thank John Martindale of Springer for his excellent editorial work.

This is an easy-to-read book that explains how and why Japan industrialized rapidly. It traces historical development from the feudal Edo period to high income and technology in the current period. Catch-up industrialization is analyzed from a broad perspective including social, economic and political aspects. Historical data, research and contesting arguments are amply supplied. Japan's unique experience is contrasted with the practices of today's developing countries. Negative aspects such as social ills, policy failures, military movements and war years are also covered. Nineteenth-century Japan already had a happy combination of strong entrepreneurship and relatively wise government, which was the result of Japan's long evolutionary history. Measured contacts with high civilizations of China, India and the West allowed cumulative growth without being destroyed by them. Imported ideas and technology were absorbed with adjustments to fit the local context. The book grew out of a graduate course for government officials from developing countries. It offers a comprehensive look and new insights at Japan's industrial path that are often missing in standard historical chronicles. Written in an accessible and lively form, the book engages scholars as well as novices with no prior knowledge of Japan.

The future focus of nanotechnology will be on realizing new functions over greater scales. This book describes the creation of nano- and microscale structures and functions by controlling temperature, light, pressure, or carrier injections. It includes novel nano-integration technologies such as self-organization of surface nanostructures, quantum well structures, microlithography and micromachines, as well as new techniques of laser spectroscopy and new computational methods.

1 Y. Tsujii, K. Ohno, S. Yamamoto, A. Goto, T. Fukuda: Structure and Properties of High-Density Polymer Brushes Prepared by Surface-Initiated Living Radical Polymerization.- 2 D.J. Dyer: Photoinitiated Synthesis of Grafted Polymers.- 3 T. Matsuda: Photoiniferter-Driven Precision Surface Graft Microarchitectures for Biomedical Applications.- 4 R. Advincula: Polymer Brushes by Anionic and Cationic Surface Initiated Polymerization.- 5 M.R. Buchmeiser: Metathesis Polymerization From and To Surfaces.-

Harnessing technology for a better future Looking into the future is always difficult and often problematic-but sometimes it's useful to imagine what innovations might resolve today's problems and make tomorrow better. In this book, 15 distinguished international experts examine how technology will affect the human condition and natural world within the next ten years. Their stories reflect major ambitions for what the future could bring and offer a glimpse into the possibilities for achieving the UN's ambitious Sustainable Development Goals. The authors were asked to envision future success in their respective fields, given the current state of technology and potential progress over the next decade. The central question driving their research: What are likely technological advances that could contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals at major scale, affecting the lives of hundreds of millions of people or substantial geographies around the globe. One overall takeaway is that gradualist approaches will not achieve those goals by 2030. Breakthroughs will be necessary in science, in the development of new products and services, and in institutional systems. Each of the experts responded with stories that reflect big ambitions for what the future may bring. Their stories are not projections or forecasts as to what will happen; they are reasoned and reasonable conjectures about what could happen. The editors' intent is to provide a glimpse into the possibilities for the future of sustainable development. At a time when many people worry about stalled progress on the economic, social, and environmental challenges of sustainable development, Breakthrough is a reminder that the promise of a better future is within our grasp, across a range of domains. It will interest anyone who wonders about the world's economic, social, and environmental future.

This is the proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures, held at Nagoya, 3-7 April 2000, which is the 5th one of this series of the IUTAM Symposia organized every then years since 1960. The present proceedings contains 48 innovative papers presented at the 5th Symposium, in which 91 participants from 15 countries participated to consolidate the development of creep research since 1990 and to discuss the new horizons in this fundamental field of applied mechanics in the coming century. the papers contained deal with (1) physical and microstructural process of creep, viscoplasticity and creep damage related to their modeling, (2) elaborated constitutive equations of time-dependent deformation and damage, (3) creep damage and fracture of engineering materials and structures, (4) computational modeling, simulation, analysis and design of structures in creep, and (5) creep of polymers, composites, and heterogeneous materials. This volume is useful for researchers and graduate course students in the relevant fields. The field of optical WDM networks has experienced widespread attention and growth in recent years.

The field of cluster sciences is currently attracting considerable interest, not only from a fundamental viewpoint but also in relation to future applications to electronic, optical and magnetic devices. Synthesizing specific clusters as a component of useful nanostructures or controlling them as an assembly of nanocomposites is the ultimate aim. In order to understand how to synthesize individual clusters or to investigate properties such as chemical reaction, structural stability, response to external fields, aggregation and phase transitions, a variety of first-principles and empirical calculations and related computer simulations have been performed alongside numerous experiments. This book compiles and collates recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field and demonstrates how the harmony between theory and experiment is contributing to the continuing rapid progress. It will be of interest to both researchers as well as students and newcomers seeking an up-to-date review.

Si usted quiere entender como se origino el sistema de producci?n Toyota y por que tiene exito, debe leer este libro. Aqui encontrara una introducci?n avanzada del justo a tiempo. El mundo le debe mucho a Taiichi Ohno. Nos ha demostrado como fbricar con mayor eficacia, como reducir costos, como producir una mayor calidad, y a examinar atentamente como nosotros, en nuestra calidad de seres humanos, trabajamos en una fbrica. El relato que Ohno cuenta en este libro es brillante. Deberia ser leido por todos los gerentes. No es solo un relato acerca de la fabricaci?n; sino tambien sobre como dirigir exitosamente una empresa.

Transient events are short-lived bursts of energy in a system resulting from a sudden change of the state. They can be caused by faults, switching events or sudden changes in generation and load. Given the need to expand HV cable grids and to interconnect national grids to increase grid flexibility, the effects of such transients need to be understood in order to maintain the security of power supply and power quality. This book presents an overview of formulas to model transients in cable systems based on complete solutions of Maxwell's equations. It presents solutions to particularly model important high frequency phenomena. The impedance and admittance at a very low frequency for HVDC systems are investigated. In addition, the modeling methods of underground cables created in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) are described. Moreover, the wave propagation characteristics of overhead lines and underground cables, and steady-state and transient behaviour of three-phase cables are further investigated in this book. Finally, transients in large interconnected HV cable networks in Denmark and the Netherlands are presented as case studies. Electromagnetic Transients in Large HV Cable Networks enables researchers, HV system manufacturers and grid operators to model, simulate and analyse transient phenomena in large HV cable systems and to create solutions to counter and mitigate them.

This newly revised clearly-presented text looks at Japan's economic history from the nineteenth century through to World War II. Within a framework based on the theories and approaches of Development Studies, it demonstrates the relevance of Japan's pre-war experience to the problems facing developing countries today, and draws out the historical roots of the institutions and practices on which Japan's post-war economic miracle was based. New features include: * fresh theoretical perspectives * additional material derived from new sources * increased number of case studies * fully up-dated references and bibliography. This broad-ranging textbook is both topical and easy-to-use and will be of immense use to those seeking an understanding of Japanese economic development.

The West and the East approach economic development differently. The Europeans and Americans stress free and fair business climate, promoting private activities generally without picking winners, and improving governance. East Asia is interested in achieving concrete results and projects rather than formal correctness, prioritizing a few sectors for industrialization, and eventual graduation from aid. The West mostly shapes shifting strategies of the international donor community while the East has in reality made remarkable progress in industrial catch-up. The two approaches cannot be merged easily but they can be used in proper combination to realize growth and economic transformation. This book proposes more dialogue and complementarity between the two in the development effort of Africa and other regions. In this collected volume, contributed by experts and practitioners from both East and West, the need to introduce Eastern ideas to the global development strategy is emphasized. Analysis of British and other Western donor policies is given while Japanese, Korean, and other Asian approaches are also explained with concrete examples. The concept of governance for growth is presented and the impact of rising China on development studies is contemplated. The practices of industrial policy dialogues and actions assisted by East Asian experts are reported from Tunisia, Zambia, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and others. The book should be applicable to all donors, institutions, NGOs and business enterprises engaged in development cooperation.

This book proposes a new, pragmatic way of approaching economic development which features policy learning based on a comparison of international best policy practices. While the important role of government in promoting private sector development is being recognized, policy discussion often remains general without details as to what exactly to do and how to avoid common pitfalls. This book fills the gap by showing concrete policy contents, procedures, and organizations adopted in high-performing East Asian economies. Natural resources and foreign aid and investment can take a country to a certain income level, but growth stalls when given advantages are exhausted. Economies will be caught in middle income traps if growth impetus is not internally generated. Meanwhile, countries that have soared to high income introduced mindset, policies, and institutions that encouraged, or even forced, accumulation of human capital - skills, technology, and knowledge. How this can be done systematically is the main topic of policy learning. However, government should not randomly adopt what Singapore or Taiwan did in the past. A continued march to prosperity is possible only when policy makers acquire capability to formulate policy suitable for local context after studying a number of international experiences. Developing countries wanting to adopt effective industrial strategies but not knowing where to start will benefit greatly by the ideas and hands-on examples presented by the author. Students of development economics will find a new methodological perspective which can supplement the ongoing industrial policy debate. The book also gives an excellent account of national pride and pragmatism exhibited by officials in East Asia who produced remarkable economic growth, as well as serious effort by an African country to emulate this miracle. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/doi/view/10.4324/9780203085530 has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Statistical evaluation of diagnostic performance in general and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis in particular are important for assessing the performance of medical tests and statistical classifiers, as well as for evaluating predictive models or algorithms. This book presents innovative approaches in ROC analysis, which are relevant to a wide variety of applications, including medical imaging, cancer research, epidemiology, and bioinformatics. Statistical Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance: Topics in ROC Analysis covers areas including monotone-transformation techniques in parametric ROC analysis, ROC methods for combined and pooled biomarkers, Bayesian hierarchical transformation models, sequential designs and inferences in the ROC setting, predictive modeling, multireader ROC analysis, and free-response ROC (FROC) methodology. The book is suitable for graduate-level students and researchers in statistics, biostatistics, epidemiology, public health, biomedical engineering, radiology, medical imaging, biomedical informatics, and other closely related fields. Additionally, clinical researchers and practicing statisticians in academia, industry, and government could benefit from the presentation of such important and yet frequently overlooked topics.

This new edition covers a wide area from transients in power systems-including the basic theory, analytical calculations, EMTP simulations, computations by numerical electromagnetic analysis methods, and field test results-to electromagnetic disturbances in the field on EMC and control engineering. Not only does it show how a transient on a single-phase line can be explained from a physical viewpoint, but it then explains how it can be solved analytically by an electric circuit theory. Approximate formulas, which can be calculated by a pocket calculator, are presented so that a transient can be analytically evaluated by a simple hand calculation. Since a real power line is three-phase, this book includes a theory that deals with a multi-phase line for practical application. In addition, methods for tackling a real transient in a power system are introduced. This new edition contains three completely revised and updated chapters, as well as two new chapters on grounding and numerical methods.

This open access book studies how foreign models of economic development can be effectively learned by and applied to today’s latecomer countries. Policy capacity and societal learning are increasingly stressed as pre-conditions for successful catch-up. However, how such learning should be initiated by individual societies with different features needs to be explained. The book answers this pragmatic question from the perspective of Japan’s past experience and its extensive development cooperation in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the late nineteenth century, Japan has developed a unique philosophy and method for adopting advanced technologies and systems from the West; the same philosophy and method govern its current cooperation with the developing world. The key concepts are local learning and translative adaptation. Local learning says that development requires the learner to adopt a proactive mindset and the goal of graduating from receiving aid. Meanwhile, translative adaptation requires foreign models be modified to fit local realities given the different structures of the home and foreign society. The development process must be wholly owned by the domestic society in rejection of copy-and-paste acceptance. These ideas not only informed Japan but are key to successful development for all. The book also asks how this learning method should—or should not—be revised in the age of SDGs and digitalization. Following the overview section that lays out the general principles, the book offers many real cases from Japan and other countries. The concrete actions outlined in these cases, with close attention to individual growth “ingredients� as opposed to general theories, are crucial to successful policy making. The book contains materials that are highly useful for national leaders and practitioners within developing countries as well as students of development studies. 

Japan - a major provider of development aid - is challenging conventional wisdom in economic development. This text is a systematic exposition of the Japanese approach to economic development. Development economists who shape Japan's economic aid policy are assembled in this one volume. Japanese economists generally believe that long-term vision and phased real sector strategies are lacking in the policy recommendations of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. They argue that development of a market economy requires many conditions which do not automatically arise by hands off economic policy; these conditions must be built by conscious efforts of the government with international help. Therefore, to promote a market economy, development economists should design comprehensive and long term development strategy tailored to the realities of each country. The text shows that the Japanese approach is not simply to recommend universal industrial policy. Students of development economics, Asian studies, international relations as well as professional policy makers should find this perspective both controversial and stimulating.

Si usted quiere entender como se origino el sistema de producci?n Toyota y por que tiene exito, debe leer este libro. Aqui encontrara una introducci?n avanzada del justo a tiempo. El mundo le debe mucho a Taiichi Ohno. Nos ha demostrado como fbricar con mayor eficacia, como reducir costos, como producir una mayor calidad, y a examinar atentamente como nosotros, en nuestra calidad de seres humanos, trabajamos en una fbrica. El relato que Ohno cuenta en este libro es brillante. Deberia ser leido por todos los gerentes. No es solo un relato acerca de la fabricaci?n; sino tambien sobre como dirigir exitosamente una empresa.

This new edition covers a wide area from transients in power systems-including the basic theory, analytical calculations, EMTP simulations, computations by numerical electromagnetic analysis methods, and field test results-to electromagnetic disturbances in the field on EMC and control engineering. Not only does it show how a transient on a single-phase line can be explained from a physical viewpoint, but it then explains how it can be solved analytically by an electric circuit theory. Approximate formulas, which can be calculated by a pocket calculator, are presented so that a transient can be analytically evaluated by a simple hand calculation. Since a real power line is three-phase, this book includes a theory that deals with a multi-phase line for practical application. In addition, methods for tackling a real transient in a power system are introduced. This new edition contains three completely revised and updated chapters, as well as two new chapters on grounding and numerical methods.