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This title examines the roles and new opportunities arising from
the increasing participation of non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) in peace-making, peacekeeping and peace-building processes,
both formal and informal, state-sponsored and unofficial. Drawing
on both academic experts and activists, this study brings together
contributions from those who have observed how NGOs have sought to
reflect civil society concerns, provide humanitarian relief,
monitor compliance with international norms and treaty
requirements, and disseminate information of concern to advocacy
networks.
A critical appraisal of the opportunities and constraints of NGOs
is provided alongside the examination of the NGOs role in the new
agendas for peace.
This title examines the roles and new opportunities arising from
the increasing participation of non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) in peace-making, peacekeeping and peace-building processes,
both formal and informal, state-sponsored and unofficial. Drawing
on both academic experts and activists, this study brings together
contributions from those who have observed how NGOs have sought to
reflect civil society concerns, provide humanitarian relief,
monitor compliance with international norms and treaty
requirements, and disseminate information of concern to advocacy
networks.
A critical appraisal of the opportunities and constraints of NGOs
is provided alongside the examination of the NGOs role in the "new
agendas" for peace.
This book investigates why peace and reform processes across
the world have recently been stagnating or have become blocked.
They have failed to maintain security, rights, development, and
justice in the liberal international order. The book identifies the
related rise of counter-peace processes at the heart of failed
peacemaking efforts, and explores the implications for an emerging
multi-polar order where local and international tools for peace and
reform appear to be ineffective. Across a range of recent cases,
from Cambodia, the Balkans, the Sahel region, DRC, Colombia,
Afghanistan, and many others, such dynamics are becoming clearer.
In particular, small-scale blocking tactics across different peace
processes have been evolving into larger political strategies which
are then disseminated within revisionist and revanchist
international networks. Ultimately, this phenomenon has undermined
liberal international order.Spoilers and tactical blockages to
peace have connected across local, national, regional and
international scales, highlighting ideological divisions. Drawing
on counter-revolutionary theory, the concept of counter-peace is
used as a tool to critically interrogate a systemic array of
blockages to peace. Distinct counter-peace patterns are now
entangled in peace and reform processes, including the
stalemate pattern, the limited counter-peace, and the unmitigated
counter-peace patterns. Across cases, once tactical blockages begin
to form these patterns, they become systemic and ultimately enable
conflict escalation. Consequently, the intimate entanglement of the
existing international peace architecture with counter-peace
processes points to ideological divisions in international order,
as well as the growing gulf between diminished practices of peace
and reform with critical scholarship on peace, justice, and
sustainability.
The UN peacemaking operation in Cyprus has been one of the longest
of its kind. Yet it has resulted in little but discarded proposals,
non-papers or reports. This study sets out to investigate the
Cypriot parties' views of the process of peacemaking in order to
shed light on the Cyprus problem, and on the theoretical debates
surrounding mediation.
The UN peacemaking operation in Cyprus has been one of the longest
of its kind. Yet it has resulted in little but discarded proposals,
non-papers or reports. This study sets out to investigate the
Cypriot parties' views of the process of peacemaking in order to
shed light on the Cyprus problem, and on the theoretical debates
surrounding mediation.
This updated and revised second edition examines the
conceptualisation and evolution of peace in International Relations
(IR) theory. The book examines the concept of peace and its usage
in the main theoretical debates in IR, including realism,
liberalism, constructivism, critical theory, and
post-structuralism, as well as in the more direct debates on peace
and conflict studies. It explores themes relating to culture,
development, agency, and structure, not just in terms of
representations of IR, and of peace, but in terms of the discipline
of IR itself. The work also specifically explores the recent
mantras associated with liberal and neoliberal versions of peace,
which appear to have become foundational for much of the mainstream
literature and for doctrines for peace and development in the
policy world. Analysing war has often led to the dominance - and
mitigation - of violence as a basic assumption in, and response to,
the problems of IR. This study aims to redress this negative
balance by arguing that the discipline offers a rich basis for the
study of peace, which has advanced significantly over the last
century or so. It also proposes innovative theoretical dimensions
of the study of peace, with new chapters discussing post-colonial
and digital developments. This book will be of great interest to
students of peace and conflict studies, politics, and IR.
This book examines the role of everyday action in accepting,
resisting and reshaping interventions, and the unique forms of
peace that emerge from the interactions between local and
international actors. Building on critiques of liberal
peace-building, it redefines critical peace and conflict studies,
based on new research from 16 countries.
This book examines the role of everyday action in accepting,
resisting and reshaping interventions, and the unique forms of
peace that emerge from the interactions between local and
international actors. Building on critiques of liberal
peace-building, it redefines critical peace and conflict studies,
based on new research from 16 countries.
This edited volume focuses on disentangling the interplay of local
peacebuilding processes and international policy, via comparative
theoretical and empirical work on the question of legitimacy and
authority. Using a number of conflict-affected regions as case
studies including Kosovo, Iraq, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Sudan the
book incorporates the expertise of a range of international
scholars in order to understand the dynamics of local
peacebuilding, the construction of legitimate authority, and its
interplay with internationally led peace- and state-building
interventions. The commissioned chapters advance our understanding
of local legitimacy, sustainable international engagement, and the
hybrid forms of authority they produce.
This innovative and timely consideration of the European Union's
crisis response mechanisms brings together scholars from a range of
disciplinary backgrounds to examine how and why the EU responds to
crises on its borders and further afield. The work is based on
extensive fieldwork in - among other places - Afghanistan, Libya,
Mali and Iraq. The book considers the construction of crises and
how some issues are deemed crises and others not. A major finding
from this comparative study is that EU crisis response
interventions have been placing increasing emphasis on security and
stabilisation and less emphasis on human rights and
democratisation. This changes - quite fundamentally - the EU's
stance as an international actor and leads to questions about the
nature of the European Union and how it perceives itself and is
perceived by others. -- .
Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring The concept
of peace has always attracted radical thought, action, and
practices. It has been taken to mean merely an absence of overt
violence or war, but in the contemporary era it is often used
interchangeably with 'peacemaking', 'peacebuilding', 'conflict
resolution', and 'statebuilding'. The modern concept of peace has
therefore broadened from the mere absence of violence to something
much more complicated. In this Very Short Introduction, Oliver
Richmond explores the evolution of peace in practice and in theory,
exploring our modern assumptions about peace and the various
different interpretations of its applications. This second edition
has been theoretically and empirically updated and introduces a new
framework to understand the overall evolution of the international
peace architecture. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions
series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in
almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect
way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors
combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to
make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
This updated and revised second edition examines the
conceptualisation and evolution of peace in International Relations
(IR) theory. The book examines the concept of peace and its usage
in the main theoretical debates in IR, including realism,
liberalism, constructivism, critical theory, and
post-structuralism, as well as in the more direct debates on peace
and conflict studies. It explores themes relating to culture,
development, agency, and structure, not just in terms of
representations of IR, and of peace, but in terms of the discipline
of IR itself. The work also specifically explores the recent
mantras associated with liberal and neoliberal versions of peace,
which appear to have become foundational for much of the mainstream
literature and for doctrines for peace and development in the
policy world. Analysing war has often led to the dominance - and
mitigation - of violence as a basic assumption in, and response to,
the problems of IR. This study aims to redress this negative
balance by arguing that the discipline offers a rich basis for the
study of peace, which has advanced significantly over the last
century or so. It also proposes innovative theoretical dimensions
of the study of peace, with new chapters discussing post-colonial
and digital developments. This book will be of great interest to
students of peace and conflict studies, politics, and IR.
This innovative and timely consideration of the European Union's
crisis response mechanisms brings together scholars from a range of
disciplinary backgrounds to examine how and why the EU responds to
crises on its borders and further afield. The work is based on
extensive fieldwork in - among other places - Afghanistan, Libya,
Mali and Iraq. The book considers the construction of crises and
how some issues are deemed crises and others not. A major finding
from this comparative study is that EU crisis response
interventions have been placing increasing emphasis on security and
stabilisation and less emphasis on human rights and
democratisation. This changes - quite fundamentally - the EU's
stance as an international actor and leads to questions about the
nature of the European Union and how it perceives itself and is
perceived by others.
This volume brings together insights which look at the intersection
of governance, culture and conflict resolution in India and the
European Union. Two very different but connected epistemic,
cultural and institutional settings, which have been divided by
distance, colonialism and culture; yet have recently been brought
closer together by ideas and practices of what is known as liberal
peace, neoliberal state and development projects. The differences
are obvious in terms of geography, culture, the nature and shape of
institutions, and historical forces: and yet the commonalities
between the two are surprising. This is the first book to compare
contemporary Indian and European Union approaches to peace and is
based on strong case studies and rigorous analysis. Postgraduate
students, peace and conflict researchers, policy-makers and
practitioners will benefit immensely from insights provided in this
book. -- .
Furthering the understanding of the legitimate authority in
internationally-led peace-and state-building interventions This
study focuses on understanding the complexities of legitimate
authority in internationally led peace- and statebuilding
interventions. Innovative theoretical approach, engaging with local
and contextual forms of legitimacy in peacebuilding contexts
Introduces nuanced understandings of the concept of legitimacy
Based on wide ranging fieldwork and twelve case studies Broader
lessons for IR and for policy-makers Includes local authors This
edited volume focuses on disentangling the interplay of local
peacebuilding processes and international policy, via comparative
theoretical and empirical work on the question of legitimacy and
authority. Using a number of conflict-affected regions as case
studies - including Kosovo, Iraq, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Sudan -
the book incorporates the expertise of a range of international
scholars in order to understand the dynamics of local
peacebuilding, the construction of legitimate authority, and its
interplay with internationally led peace- and state-building
interventions. The commissioned chapters advance our understanding
of local legitimacy, sustainable international engagement, and the
hybrid forms of authority they produce.
This book examines the role of everyday action in accepting,
resisting and reshaping interventions, and the unique forms of
peace that emerge from the interactions between local and
international actors. Building on critiques of liberal
peace-building, it redefines critical peace and conflict studies,
based on new research from 16 countries.
In addition to being a major area of research within International
Relations, peacebuilding and statebuilding is a major policy area
within the UN and other international and regional organizations.
It is also a concern of international financial institutions,
including the World Bank, and a significant factor in the foreign
and security policies of many established and emerging democracies.
Peacebuilding and statebuilding are among the main approaches for
preventing, managing, and mitigating global insecurities; dealing
with the humanitarian consequences of civil wars; and expanding
democracy and neoliberal economic regimes. Peace formation is a
relatively new concept, addressing how local actors work in
parallel to international and national projects, and helps shape
the legitimacy of peace processes and state reform. The Oxford
Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation
serves as an essential guide to this vast intellectual and policy
landscape. It offers a systematic overview of conceptual
foundations, political implications, and tensions at the global,
regional, and local levels, as well as key policies, practices,
examples, and discourses underlining all segments of peacebuilding
and statebuilding praxis. Approaching peacebuilding from
disciplinary perspectives across the social sciences, the Handbook
is organized around four major thematic sections. Section one
explores how peacebuilding, statebuilding, and peace formation is
conceived by different disciplines and IR approaches, thus offering
an overview of the conceptual bedrock of major theories and
approaches. Section two situates these approaches among other major
global issues, including globalization, civil society, terrorism,
and technology to illustrate their global, regional, and local
resonance. Section three looks at key themes in the field,
including peace agreements, democratization, security reform, human
rights, environment, and culture. Finally, section four looks at
key features of everyday and civil society peace formation
processes, both in theory and in practice.
The guiding principle of peacemaking and peacebuilding over the
past quarter century has been "liberal peace": the promotion of
democracy, capitalism, law, and respect for human rights. These
components represent a historic effort to prevent a reoccurrence of
the nationalism, fascism, and economic collapse that led to the
World Wars as well as many later conflicts. Ultimately, this
strategy has been somewhat successful in reducing war between
countries, but it has failed to produce legitimate and sustainable
forms of peace at the domestic level. The goals of peacebuilding
have changed over time and place, but they have always been built
around compromise via processes of intervention aimed at supporting
"progress" in conflict-affected countries. They have simultaneously
promoted changes in the regional and global order. As Oliver P.
Richmond argues in this book, the concept of peace has evolved
continuously through several eras: from the imperial era, through
the states-system, liberal, and current neoliberal eras of states
and markets. It holds the prospect of developing further through
the emerging "digital" era of transnational networks, new
technologies, and heightened mobility. Yet, as recent studies have
shown, only a minority of modern peace agreements survive for more
than a few years and many peace agreements and peacebuilding
missions have become intractable, blocked, or frozen. This casts a
shadow on the legitimacy, stability, and effectiveness of the
overall international peace architecture, reflecting significant
problems in the evolution of an often violently contested
international and domestic order. This book examines the
development of the international peace architecture, a "grand
design" comprising various subsequent attempts to develop a
peaceful international order. Richmond examines six main
theoretical-historical stages in this process often addressed
through peacekeeping and international mediation, including the
balance of power mechanism of the 19th Century, liberal
internationalism after World War I, and the expansion of rights and
decolonization after World War II. It also includes liberal
peacebuilding after the end of the Cold War, neoliberal
statebuilding during the 2000s, and an as yet unresolved current
"digital" stage. They have produced a substantial, though fragile,
international peace architecture. However, it is always entangled
with, and hindered by, blockages and a more substantial
counter-peace framework. The Grand Design provides a sweeping look
at the troubled history of peace processes, peacemaking,
peacekeeping, and peacebuilding, and their effects on the evolution
of international order. It also considers what the next stage may
bring.
As Oliver Richmond explains, there is a level to peacemaking that
operates in the realm of dialogue, declarations, symbols and
rituals. But after all this pomp and circumstance is where the
reality of security, development, politics, economics, identity,
and culture figure in; conflict, cooperation, and reconciliation
are at their most vivid at the local scale. Thus local peace
operations are crucial to maintaining order on the ground even in
the most violent contexts. However, as Richmond argues, such local
capacity to build peace from the inside is generally left
unrecognized, and it has been largely ignored in the policy and
scholarly literature on peacebuilding. In Peace and Political
Order, Richmond looks at peace processes as they scale up from
local to transnational efforts to consider how to build a lasting
and productive peace. He takes a comparative and expansive look at
peace efforts in conflict situations in countries around the world
to consider what local voices might suggest about the inadequacy of
peace processes engineered at the international level. As well, he
explores how local workers act to modify or resist peace processes
headed by international NGOs, and to what degree local actors have
enjoyed success in the peace process (and how they have affected
the international peace process).
Why is it that states emerging from intervention, peacebuilding and
statebuilding over the last 25 years appear to be 'failed by
design'? This study explores the interplay of local peace agency
with the (neo)liberal peacebuilding project. And it looks at how
far can local 'peace formation' dynamics can go to counteract the
forces of violence and play a role in rebuilding the state,
consolidate peace processes and induce a more progressive form of
politics. By looking at local agency related to peace formation,
Oliver Richmond and Sandra Pogodda find answers to the pressing
question of how large-scale peacebuilding or statebuilding may be
significantly improved and made more representative of the lives,
needs, rights, and ambitions of its subjects.
This book, newly available in paperback, examines the nature of
'liberal peace': the common aim of the international community's
approach to post-conflict statebuilding. Adopting a particularly
critical stance on this one-size-fits-all paradigm, it explores the
process by breaking down liberal peace theory into its constituent
parts: democratisation, free market reform and development, human
rights, civil society, and the rule of law. Readers are provided
with critically and theoretically informed empirical access to the
'technology' of the liberal peacebuilding process, particularly in
regard to Cambodia, Kosovo, East Timor, Bosnia and the Middle East.
Key Features *critically interrogates the theory, experience, and
current outcomes of liberal peacebuilding *includes five
empirically-informed case studies: Cambodia, Kosovo, East Timor,
Bosnia and the Middle East *focuses on the key institutional
aspects of liberal peacebuilding and key international actors
*assesses the local outcomes of liberal peacebuilding
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