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In Half Life Forster documents a detailed study of corporate
survival trends, and examines and extends the existing landscapes,
tools, models and indexes used to monitor the corporate life cycle.
Forster goes on to describe the creation of a new business fitness
landscape model, introduces two new business risk parameters,
creates a new business diversity fitness index, and completes a
macro analysis of the extinction rates associated with the 100
largest corporations in the United States. With these new tools
Forster establishes a new model for viewing the mean life and half
life of large corporations and for studying the impact that related
and unrelated diversification in industry participation has on a
corporation's effective lifespan. Forster suggests that established
corporations don't survive just by being the fittest, but that they
survive rapid discontinuous change by finding a new optimum
position in a new business fitness landscape.
Race and ethnicity continue to be important if unwelcome factors in modern politics. This is evident in East Africa, where the ethnic factor is often dominant in multi-party elections and in Rwanda and Burundi bloodshed and genocidal attacks have been linked to ethnic difference. This book examines the phenomena of race and ethnicity in general, but with particular reference to East Africa. The impact of non-indigenous groups is considered, along with ethnic differences between Africans and the relevance of tourism and religion.
Race and ethnicity continue to be important, if unwelcome, factors
in modern politics. This is evident in East Africa: the ethnic
factor is often dominant in multi-party elections, while in Rwanda
and Burundi bloodshed and genocidal attacks have been linked to
ethnic difference. This book examines the phenomena of race and
ethnicity in general, but with particular reference to Africa,
especially the East. The impact of non-indigenous groups is
considered, together with ethnic differences between Africans. The
relevance of tourism and religion is also examined.
This open access book presents simple, robust pre-field screening
protocols that allow plant breeders to screen for enhanced
tolerance to heat stress in rice. Two critical heat-sensitive
stages in the lifecycle of the rice crop are targeted - the
seedling and flowering stages - with screening based on simple
phenotypic responses. The protocols are based on the use of a
hydroponics system and/or pot experiments in a glasshouse in
combination with a controlled growth chamber where the heat stress
treatment is applied. The protocols are designed to be effective,
simple, reproducible and user-friendly. The protocols will enable
plant breeders to effectively reduce the number of plants from a
few thousands to less than 100 candidate individual mutants or
lines in a greenhouse/growth chamber, which can then be used for
further testing and validation in the field conditions. The methods
can also be used to classify rice genotypes according to their heat
tolerance characteristics. Thus, different types of heat stress
tolerance mechanisms can be identified, presenting opportunities
for pyramiding different (mutant) sources of heat stress tolerance.
This open access book presents simple, robust pre-field screening
protocols that allow plant breeders to screen for enhanced
tolerance to heat stress in rice. Two critical heat-sensitive
stages in the lifecycle of the rice crop are targeted - the
seedling and flowering stages - with screening based on simple
phenotypic responses. The protocols are based on the use of a
hydroponics system and/or pot experiments in a glasshouse in
combination with a controlled growth chamber where the heat stress
treatment is applied. The protocols are designed to be effective,
simple, reproducible and user-friendly. The protocols will enable
plant breeders to effectively reduce the number of plants from a
few thousands to less than 100 candidate individual mutants or
lines in a greenhouse/growth chamber, which can then be used for
further testing and validation in the field conditions. The methods
can also be used to classify rice genotypes according to their heat
tolerance characteristics. Thus, different types of heat stress
tolerance mechanisms can be identified, presenting opportunities
for pyramiding different (mutant) sources of heat stress tolerance.
The importance of haploids is well known to geneticists and plant
breeders. The discovery of anther-derived haploid Datura plants in
1964 initiated great excitement in the plant breeding and genetics
communities as it offered shortcuts in producing highly desirable
homozygous plants. Unfortunately, the expected revolution was slow
to materialise due to problems in extending methods to other
species, including genotypic dependence, recalcitrance, slow
development of tissue culture technologies and a lack of knowledge
of the underlying processes. Recent years have witnessed great
strides in the research and application of haploids in higher
plants. After a lull in activities, drivers for the resurgence have
been: (1) development of effective tissue culture protocols, (2)
identification of genes c- trolling embryogenesis, and (3) large
scale and wide spread commercial up-take in plant breeding and
plant biotechnology arenas. The first major international symposium
on "Haploids in Higher Plants" took place in Guelph, Canada in
1974. At that time there was much excitement about the potential
benefits, but in his opening address Sir Ralph Riley offered the
following words of caution: "I believe that it is quite likely that
haploid research will contr- ute cultivars to agriculture in
several crops in the future. However, the more extreme claims of
the enthusiasts for haploid breeding must be treated with proper
caution. Plant breeding is subject from time to time to sweeping
claims from ent- siastic proponents of new procedures.
The importance of haploids is well known to geneticists and plant
breeders. The discovery of anther-derived haploid Datura plants in
1964 initiated great excitement in the plant breeding and genetics
communities as it offered shortcuts in producing highly desirable
homozygous plants. Unfortunately, the expected revolution was slow
to materialise due to problems in extending methods to other
species, including genotypic dependence, recalcitrance, slow
development of tissue culture technologies and a lack of knowledge
of the underlying processes. Recent years have witnessed great
strides in the research and application of haploids in higher
plants. After a lull in activities, drivers for the resurgence have
been: (1) development of effective tissue culture protocols, (2)
identification of genes c- trolling embryogenesis, and (3) large
scale and wide spread commercial up-take in plant breeding and
plant biotechnology arenas. The first major international symposium
on "Haploids in Higher Plants" took place in Guelph, Canada in
1974. At that time there was much excitement about the potential
benefits, but in his opening address Sir Ralph Riley offered the
following words of caution: "I believe that it is quite likely that
haploid research will contr- ute cultivars to agriculture in
several crops in the future. However, the more extreme claims of
the enthusiasts for haploid breeding must be treated with proper
caution. Plant breeding is subject from time to time to sweeping
claims from ent- siastic proponents of new procedures.
This book offers effective, low-cost and user-friendly protocols
for the pre-field selection of salt-tolerant mutants in cereal
crops. It presents simple methods for measuring soil salinity,
including soil sampling and the analysis of water-soluble salts,
and describes a detailed, but simple, screening test for salt
tolerance in rice, wheat and barley seedlings, which uses
hydroponics. The protocols are devised for use by plant breeders
and can be easily accommodated into breeding practice.
Race and ethnicity continue to be important, if unwelcome, factors
in modern politics. This is evident in East Africa: the ethnic
factor is often dominant in multi-party elections, while in Rwanda
and Burundi bloodshed and genocidal attacks have been linked to
ethnic difference. This book examines the phenomena of race and
ethnicity in general, but with particular reference to Africa,
especially the East. The impact of non-indigenous groups is
considered, together with ethnic differences between Africans. The
relevance of tourism and religion is also examined.
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