There is an urgent need to develop new approaches to treat conditions as- ciated with the aging global population. The surgeon's approach to many of these problems could be described as having evolved through three stages: Removal: Traditionally, diseased or badly damaged tissues and structures might simply be removed. This was appropriate for limbs and non-essential organs, but could not be applied to structures that were critical to sustain life. An additional problem was the creation of disability or physical deformity that in turn could lead to further complications. Replacement: In an effort to treat wider clinical problems, or to overcome the limitations of amputation, surgeons turned to the use of implanted materials and medical devices that could replace the functions of biological structures. This field developed rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s, with heart valve and total joint replacement becoming common. The term "biomaterial" was used increasingly to describe the materials used in these operations, and the study of biomaterials became one of the first truly interdisciplinary research fields. Today, biomaterials are employed in many millions of clinical procedures each year and they have become the mainstay of a very successful industry.

In an innovative and wide-ranging collection of essays, The Performing Century looks at modes of performance and forms of theatre in Nineteenth-century Britain and Ireland. From the vogue for fairy plays to the acting styles of melodrama, from the work of a single impresario to the nature of a genre, from ship-launches in Belfast to royal weddings in England, from the representation of economics to the work of a parliamentary committee in regulating theatres, the authors bring new perspectives on familiar material and radically redefine what theatre and performance in the Nineteenth century might be.

A collection of original case studies of different types of political violence in the 20th and 21st century inspired by the pioneering work of Robert Conquest. They focus on the origins, manifestations and legitimation of such violence. Historic settings and case studies include the former Soviet Union, Mao's China, Castro's Cuba and the terrorism associated with radical-militant Islam.

This collection brings together a group of distinguished and original theater historians engaged in rethinking the nature of early modern theater history as a discipline. Whether focusing on the relation between scripts and performance practice, the structure of theatrical companies, the social dimensions of drama, or the archaeology of the stage, all are concerned with basic questions of evidence and interpretation, and offer significant, and often startling, revisions of our view of the early modern theater.

Contemporary issues in human resource management 4e, is written by a team of international authors presenting the latest thinking on HRM in today's organisations. There is a strong focus on applying current theories and models to successful companies, both within the global and local contexts. The latest research in the field of HRM is used to demonstrate topical issues with a strategic and innovative perspective.

A collection of original case studies of different types of political violence in the 20th and 21st century inspired by the pioneering work of Robert Conquest. It focuses on the origins, manifestations and legitimation of such violence and includes the former Soviet Union, Mao's China, Castro's Cuba and radical-militant Islam.

This book shares the practical and tested experiences of board members and college presidents. Various dimensions of board performance are covered, from the ability to discern the culture and norms of the organization to the importance of being well informed about the roles, responsibilities, and performance of board members. The authors describe how a board can develop and maintain healthy relationships with key constituencies and how it shapes institutional direction.

"Leadership Dynamics" is for leaders and aspiring leaders who want to learn more about the practicalities of the leader-follower relationship and the concepts of effective leadership. Emphasizing the transactional view of leadership as a two-way process of influence, it covers recent research findings (with more than 300 citations) and highlights such crucial topics as as attaining and maintaining the leader role and making needed changes.

In Reflections on Leadership fifteen prominent leadership scholars pay tribute to James MacGregor Burns's book, Leadership, a classic in the field of leadership studies. The contributors address the puzzles and anomalies in his work, such as: the place of values in leadership; leadership as a casual factor in change; levels of analysis; interdisciplinary approaches to the study of leadership; the distance of his theory from everyday experience; the absence of gender and race, and more.