The increasing demand for energy and the related environmental concerns are the main drivers for the strong interest in Biomass Fermentation towards usage in Fuel Cells. The integration of Biomass Fermentation (BF) and Fuel Cells (FC) technology creates a new and interdisciplinary research area. Due to their high efficiency Fuel Cells are therefore considered as a strategic technology for future energy supply systems. The fact that biomass is a renewable source of energy in combination with the most efficient energy conversion system (FC) makes this combination unique and advantageous. This book has a clear orientation towards making products of our waste. Biofuels for Fuel Cells comes at a time when this field is rapidly developing and there is a need for a synthetising book. The holistic and multidisciplinary description of this topic, including discussion of technological, socio-economic, system analysis and policy and regulatory aspects, make this book the definitive work for this market. Biofuels for Fuel Cells will cross-link scientists of all fields concerned with Biomass Fermentation, Fuel Upgrading and Fuel Cells at European and World level.

Contents References 11 II. A short historical survey 13 References 16 III. Ribosomes within the cell 20 1. Proportion of ribosomes in tissues 21 2. Free and membrane-bound ribo- mes 22 3. Ribosomes in nucleoli 26 4. Structure of polysomes in the cell 26 5. Ribosomal crystals 33 6. References 33 IV. Some general properties of ribosomes 41 1. Physical characteristics 41 2. Chemical characteristics 43 3. References 44 V. Morphology of ribosomes and poly- somes 47 1. Electron microscopy 47 a) The small ribosomal subunit 48 b) The large ribosomal subunit 48 c) The monomeric ribosome 52 d) Three-dimensional models 54 e) Polysomes 55 2. Small-angle X-ray scattering 55 a) The monomeric ribosome 56 b) Polysomes 57 3. References 57 VI. Chemical components 61 1. Ribosomal proteins 61 a) Electrophoretic separation and num- ber 61 b) Preparation of single ribosomal pro- teins 67 c) Molecular weights 68 d) Amino acid composition and amino acid sequences 71 e) Stoichiometry 71 f) Posttranslational modifications 72 g) Comparison of ribosomal proteins of different tissues 73 h) Species specificities and evolution 74 i) Ribosomal proteins of mitochondria and chloroplasts 75 k) Ribosomal mutants with altered pro- teins 75 5 3. Formation of preribosomal 2. Phosphorylation of ribosomal prote- particles 139 ins 76 4. References 141 a) In vitro phosphorylation and de- phosphorylation 76 VIII. Dissociation - reassociation processes b) In vivo phosphorylation 77 of ribosomal particles 151 c) Phosphorylation of ribosomal pro- tein S 6 78 1.

Anaerobic digestion is a major field for the treatment of waste and wastewater. Lately the focus has been on the quality of the effluent setting new demands for pathogen removal and for successful removal of unwanted chemicals during the anaerobic process. The two volumes on Biomethanation are devoted to presenting the state of art within the science and application of anaerobic digestion. They describe the basic microbiolgical knowledge of importance for understanding the processes of anaerobic bioreactors along with the newest molecular techniques for examining these systems. In addition, the applications for treatment of waste and wastewaters are presented along with the latest knowledge on process control and regulation of anaerobic bioprocesses. Together these two volumes give an overview of a growing area, which previously has never been presented in such a comprehensive way.

Anaerobic digestion is a major field for the treatment of waste and wastewater. Lately the focus has been on the quality of the effluent setting new demands for pathogen removal and for successful removal of unwanted chemicals during the anaerobic process. The two volumes on Biomethanation are devoted to presenting the state of art within the science and application of anaerobic digestion. They describe the basic microbiolgical knowledge of importance for understanding the processes of anaerobic bioreactors along with the newest molecular techniques for examining these systems. In addition, the applications for treatment of waste and wastewaters are presented along with the latest knowledge on process control and regulation of anaerobic bioprocesses. Together these two volumes give an overview of a growing area, which previously has never been presented in such a comprehensive way.

Die Arbeit hat im Sommersemester 1969 der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultat der Universitat zu Koeln als Habilitationsschrift vorgelegen und ist im wesentlichen auf den Stand vom 1. Februar 1970 gebracht worden. Der Zeitpunkt ihres Erscheinens ist also zufallig. Darauf ist besonders hinzu- weisen, weil die Veroeffentlichung in eine Entwicklungsphase des Gesell- schaftsrechts fallt, die sich durch das Bemuhen um die Grenzen der Vertrags- freiheit und um die grundlegenden Strukturprobleme der Verbandstypen kennzeichnet. Nicht von ungefahr sind soeben zwei weitere Untersuchungen erschienen, die den in dieser Arbeit behandelten Fragenkreis beruhren, und zwar einmal unter dem vorwiegend theoretischen Aspekt einer aussergesetz- 1 lichen Einengung der Privatautonomie, zum anderen mehr im Rahmen der exemplarischen Behandlung einer der von mir sog. Typendehnungen, 2 der koerperschaftlich strukturierten Kommanditgesellschaft - Mit Struktur- problemen des Gesellschaftsrechts und besonders mit der Bedeutung der Typenlehre fur ihre Bewaltigung hat sich im Jahre 1968 auch der Schweize- rische Juristentag befasst. Die Aktualitat des Themas zeigt sich nicht zuletzt darin, dass der gegenwartig in der Diskussion befindliche Referentenentwurf eines GmbHG an nicht wenigen Stellen auf das Wesen der GmbH an- spielt und ausdrucklich ihre Struktur gegen grundlegende Eingriffe von Gesellschafterseite zu schutzen sucht. Die Problematik tritt freilich bei den Personengesellschaften als den traditionell freiheitlichsten Verbandsformen am deutlichsten hervor. Dies mag es rechtfertigen, den theoretischen Gegenstand der Arbeit - die Ein- schrankung der Vertragsfreiheit durch Vorstellungen von einer Typengesetz- lichkeit der Gesellschaften - nur an Hand dieser Verbandsformen zu ver- folgen.