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This volume contains a solid body of the current state of knowledge
on the various themes and activities in agroforestry worldwide. It
is organized into three sections: the Introduction section consists
of the summaries of six keynote speeches at the 2nd World Congress
of Agroforestry held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2009; that is followed
by two sections of peer-reviewed thematic chapters grouped as
"Global Perspectives" (seven chapters) and "Regional Perspectives"
(eleven chapters), authored by professional leaders in their
respective agroforestry-related fields worldwide. A total of 130
professionals from institutions in 33 countries in both developing
and the industrialized temperate regions of the world contributed
to the book as chapter authors and/or reviewers. Thus, the book
presents a comprehensive and authoritative account of the global
picture of agroforestry today.
The purpose of this book is to help early career professionals
in agriculture and natural resources write their research papers
for high-quality journals and present their results properly at
professional meetings. Different fields have different conventions
for writing style such that the authors of the book have found it
difficult to recommend to young scientists in these fields a
specific book or source material out of the several that are
available as the go to guide. Writing a scientific paper is a
tedious task even to experienced writers; but it is particularly so
for the early career professionals such as students, trainees,
scientists and scholars in agriculture and natural resources; the
challenge is even more when their first language of communication
is not English. This book is targeted mainly to that group. "
Tree based production systems abound especially in the tropics.
Despite the pervasiveness of such multipurpose trees-outside-forest
resources, they have not attracted adequate attention in the
development paradigms of many nation states. These multispecies
production systems impact the ecosystem processes favourably. Yet,
our understanding of the diversity attributes and carbon dynamics
under agroforestry is not adequate. This book focuses on the role
of multispecies production systems involving tree and crop species
as a means for carbon sequestration and thereby reduce atmospheric
carbon dioxide levels. Sixteen chapters organized into three broad
sections titled: Measurement and Estimation, Agrobiodiversity and
Tree Management, and Policy and Socioeconomic Aspects represent a
cross section of the opportunities and challenges in current
research and emerging issues in harnessing carbon sequestration
potential of agroforestry systems. "
This volume contains a solid body of the current state of knowledge
on the various themes and activities in agroforestry worldwide. It
is organized into three sections: the Introduction section consists
of the summaries of six keynote speeches at the 2nd World Congress
of Agroforestry held in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2009; that is followed
by two sections of peer-reviewed thematic chapters grouped as
"Global Perspectives" (seven chapters) and "Regional Perspectives"
(eleven chapters), authored by professional leaders in their
respective agroforestry-related fields worldwide. A total of 130
professionals from institutions in 33 countries in both developing
and the industrialized temperate regions of the world contributed
to the book as chapter authors and/or reviewers. Thus, the book
presents a comprehensive and authoritative account of the global
picture of agroforestry today.
Interest and initiatives in agroforestry education and training, as
in other aspects of agroforestry development, have increased
tremendously during the past decade. Coordination of such
educational activities was initiated by the first international
workshop on education in agroforestry organized by the
International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) in Decem
ber 1982, at Nairobi, Kenya. Since then, agroforestry has been
incorporated into the curricula of many educational and training
institutions around the world. Moreover, several institutions have
developed entire academic programs specifically in agroforestry.
However, most of these activities are still isolated initiatives,
without common strategies or philosophies. This second
international agroforestry workshop was therefore planned to pro
vide a forum for reviewing progress, sharing programs and
experiences, and planning and coordinating future directions in
agroforestry education and training. The main objectives were to
review the on-going programs, to assess the scope of professional
education and training in relation to the perceived needs of
trained personnel, to recommend guidelines for further program
development, and to establish networking among institutions and
agencies involved in agroforestry education and training. These
proceedings contain the keynote papers, regional/country presenta
tions and conclusions and recommendations of the International
Workshop on Education and Training in Agroforestry held at the
University of Florida, Gainesville, USA in December, 1988. The
strategy of the workshop was to facilitate focused discussion on
identified issues by an invited group of world leaders in
agroforestry education and training."
Tree based production systems abound especially in the tropics.
Despite the pervasiveness of such multipurpose trees-outside-forest
resources, they have not attracted adequate attention in the
development paradigms of many nation states. These multispecies
production systems impact the ecosystem processes favourably. Yet,
our understanding of the diversity attributes and carbon dynamics
under agroforestry is not adequate. This book focuses on the role
of multispecies production systems involving tree and crop species
as a means for carbon sequestration and thereby reduce atmospheric
carbon dioxide levels. Sixteen chapters organized into three broad
sections titled: Measurement and Estimation, Agrobiodiversity and
Tree Management, and Policy and Socioeconomic Aspects represent a
cross section of the opportunities and challenges in current
research and emerging issues in harnessing carbon sequestration
potential of agroforestry systems. "
It was in late 2002 that the idea of preparing a collection of
multi-authored chapters on different aspects of ag- st forestry as
a compendium for the 1 World Congress of Agroforestry, June 2004,
was tossed around. With the approval of the idea by the Congress
Organizing Committee, serious efforts to make it a reality got
under way in early 2003. The rigorously peer-reviewed and edited
manuscripts were submitted to the publisher in December 2003.
Considering the many differentindividualsinvolved in the task as
authors and manuscriptreviewers, we feel quite pleased that the
task could be accomplished within this timeframe. We are pleased
also about the contents on several counts. First of all, the
tropical-temperate mix of topics is a rare feature of a publication
of this nature. In spite of the scienti?c commonalities between
tropical and temperate practices of agroforestry, the differences
between them are so enormous that it is often impossible to mesh
them together in one publication. Secondly, several of the chapters
are on topics that have not been discussed or described much in
agroforestryliterature. A third feature is that some of the
authors, though well known in their own disciplinary areas, are
somewhat new to agroforestry; the perceptions and outlooks of these
scholars who are relatively unin?uenced by the past happenings in
agroforestry gives a whole new dimension to agroforestry and
broadensthescopeofthesubject. Finally,
ratherthanjustreviewingandsummarizingpastwork, mostchapterstake the
extra effort in attempting to outline the next steps
Large areas of the warm, humid tropics in Southeast Asia, the
Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa are hilly or
mountainous. Jackson and Scherr (1995) estimate that these tropical
hillside areas are inhabited by 500 million people, or one-tenth of
the current world population, many of whom practice subsistence
agriculture. The region most affected is Asia which has the lowest
area of arable land per capita. Aside from limited areas of
irrigated terraces, most of the sloping land, which constitutes 60%
to 90% of the land resources in many Southeast Asian countries, has
been by-passed in the economic development of the region (Maglinao
and Hashim, 1993). Poverty in these areas is often high, in
contrast to the relative wealth of irri gated rice farms in lowland
areas that benefited from the green revolution. Rapid population
growth in some countries is also exacerbating the problems of
hillside areas. Increasingly, people are migrating from
high-potential lowland areas where land is scarce to more remote
hillside areas. Such migra tion, together with inherent high
population growth, is forcing a transforma tion in land use from
subsistence to permanent agriculture on fragile slopes, and is
creating a new suite of social, economic, and environmental
problems (Garrity, 1993; Maglinao and Hashim, 1993)."
It was in late 2002 that the idea of preparing a collection of
multi-authored chapters on different aspects of ag- st forestry as
a compendium for the 1 World Congress of Agroforestry, June 2004,
was tossed around. With the approval of the idea by the Congress
Organizing Committee, serious efforts to make it a reality got
under way in early 2003. The rigorously peer-reviewed and edited
manuscripts were submitted to the publisher in December 2003.
Considering the many differentindividualsinvolved in the task as
authors and manuscriptreviewers, we feel quite pleased that the
task could be accomplished within this timeframe. We are pleased
also about the contents on several counts. First of all, the
tropical-temperate mix of topics is a rare feature of a publication
of this nature. In spite of the scienti?c commonalities between
tropical and temperate practices of agroforestry, the differences
between them are so enormous that it is often impossible to mesh
them together in one publication. Secondly, several of the chapters
are on topics that have not been discussed or described much in
agroforestryliterature. A third feature is that some of the
authors, though well known in their own disciplinary areas, are
somewhat new to agroforestry; the perceptions and outlooks of these
scholars who are relatively unin?uenced by the past happenings in
agroforestry gives a whole new dimension to agroforestry and
broadensthescopeofthesubject. Finally,
ratherthanjustreviewingandsummarizingpastwork, mostchapterstake the
extra effort in attempting to outline the next steps
Large areas of the warm, humid tropics in Southeast Asia, the
Pacific, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa are hilly or
mountainous. Jackson and Scherr (1995) estimate that these tropical
hillside areas are inhabited by 500 million people, or one-tenth of
the current world population, many of whom practice subsistence
agriculture. The region most affected is Asia which has the lowest
area of arable land per capita. Aside from limited areas of
irrigated terraces, most of the sloping land, which constitutes 60%
to 90% of the land resources in many Southeast Asian countries, has
been by-passed in the economic development of the region (Maglinao
and Hashim, 1993). Poverty in these areas is often high, in
contrast to the relative wealth of irri gated rice farms in lowland
areas that benefited from the green revolution. Rapid population
growth in some countries is also exacerbating the problems of
hillside areas. Increasingly, people are migrating from
high-potential lowland areas where land is scarce to more remote
hillside areas. Such migra tion, together with inherent high
population growth, is forcing a transforma tion in land use from
subsistence to permanent agriculture on fragile slopes, and is
creating a new suite of social, economic, and environmental
problems (Garrity, 1993; Maglinao and Hashim, 1993)."
Interest and initiatives in agroforestry education and training, as
in other aspects of agroforestry development, have increased
tremendously during the past decade. Coordination of such
educational activities was initiated by the first international
workshop on education in agroforestry organized by the
International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) in Decem
ber 1982, at Nairobi, Kenya. Since then, agroforestry has been
incorporated into the curricula of many educational and training
institutions around the world. Moreover, several institutions have
developed entire academic programs specifically in agroforestry.
However, most of these activities are still isolated initiatives,
without common strategies or philosophies. This second
international agroforestry workshop was therefore planned to pro
vide a forum for reviewing progress, sharing programs and
experiences, and planning and coordinating future directions in
agroforestry education and training. The main objectives were to
review the on-going programs, to assess the scope of professional
education and training in relation to the perceived needs of
trained personnel, to recommend guidelines for further program
development, and to establish networking among institutions and
agencies involved in agroforestry education and training. These
proceedings contain the keynote papers, regional/country presenta
tions and conclusions and recommendations of the International
Workshop on Education and Training in Agroforestry held at the
University of Florida, Gainesville, USA in December, 1988. The
strategy of the workshop was to facilitate focused discussion on
identified issues by an invited group of world leaders in
agroforestry education and training."
Agroforestry has come of age during the past fifteen years. During
this period, activities and interest in agroforestry education and
training have increased tremendously, as in other aspects of
agroforestry development. Today, agroforestry is taught at the
senior undergraduate and postgraduate levels in many institutions
around the world, either as a separate subject or as a part of the
regular curricula of agriculture, forestry, ecology, and other
related programs. Although several books on the subject have been
published during the past few years, there is still no single
publication that is recognized as a textbook. This book is an
effort to make up for this deficiency. The need for such a book
became obvious to me when I was faced with the task of teaching a
graduate-level course in agroforestry at the University of Florida
five years ago. Subsequently, the Second International Workshop on
Professional Education and Training held here at the University of
Florida in December 1988 recommended that the preparation of an
introductory textbook be undertaken as a priority activity for
supporting agroforestry education world-wide. The various
educational and training courses that I have been involved in, and
my interactions with several instructors and students of
agroforestry in different parts of the world, further motivated me
into this venture.
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