Context has emerged as a central concept in a variety of contemporary app- aches to reasoning. The conference at which the papers in this volume were presented was the third international, interdisciplinary conference on the topic of context, and was held in Dundee, Scotland on July 27-30, 2001. The ?rst conference in this series was held in Rio de Janiero in 1997, and the second in Trento in 1999. Like the previous conferences, CONTEXT 2001 was remarkably successful in bringing together representatives of many di?erent ?elds, spanning the entire range of the cognitive and informational sciences, and with interests ranging from speci?c, commercial applications to highly general philosophical and logical theories. The papers collected here demonstrate well the range of context-related - search. While foundational problems remain, and continue to be discussed in many of the contributions collected in this volume, the work shows increased - phistication about what forms of reasoning are important, and what techniques are appropriate in accounting for them. The papers themselves, however, do not convey the lively excitement of the conference itself, and the continuing spirit of cooperation and communication across disciplines that has been the hallmark of these conferences. We are very pleased that the ?eld of context research has shown over four years intense, sustained development while retaining this sense of interdisciplinary cooperation.

This volume contains the papers presented at the Second International and - terdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context (CONTEXT 99), held in Trento (Italy) from 9 to 11 September 1999. CONTEXT 99 is the second in the CONTEXT series. The rst was held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1997. The CONTEXT conference series is meant to provide an interdisciplinary - rum where researchers can exchange ideas, methodologies, and results on c- text, and is increasingly becoming an important reference for all people doing research on context. This is testi ed by the larger number of research areas that are represented at CONTEXT 99 (in particular, Philosophy and Cognitive Psychology were not signi cantly present at the rst conference), and by the number and quality of submitted papers. Speci cally, we received 118 papers, mostly of good or excellent quality. Among them, 33 (28%) have been accepted as full papers, and 21 as short papers. We think it is fair to say that the 54 papers collected in this volume provide a signi cant picture of the international research on context currently going on. The notion of context plays an important role in many areas, both theoretical and applied, such as Formal Logic, Arti cial Intelligence, Philosophy, Pragm- ics, Computational Linguistics, Computer Science, Cognitive Psychology."

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, CONTEXT 2019, held in Trento, Italy, in November 2019. The 20 full papers and 4 invited talks presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The papers feature research in a wide range of disciplines related to issues of context and contextual knowledge and discuss commonalities across and differences between the disciplines' approaches to the study of context. They cover a large spectrum of fields, including philosophy of language and of science, computational papers on context-aware information systems, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics, as well as cognitive and social sciences.