An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a concise and accessible textbook providing simple structural terminology and map problems which introduce geological structures. It is a perfect introduction to mapping for students of geology, engineering geology and civil engineering. Each topic is explained and illustrated by figures, and exercises follow on successive maps. If students are unable to complete an exercise, they can read on to obtain more specific instructions on how theory may be used to solve the problem. An appendix at the end of the book provides the solutions. This new, eighth edition contains simplified introductory matter to make the subject as easy to grasp as possible. Colour photographs illustrating geological structures bring the subject to life and a new map from the British Geological Survey illustrates a real area. There is more on outcrop patterns, which will help students to think in 3D, and on structures and the relationship of topography to geological structure. Cliff sections have been added to reinforce the concept of apparent dip. The section on planetary geology has been more closely tied to igneous geology to aid understanding of the connection between the two. Finally, a new map on economic geology has been added for the benefit of engineering students. A geological glossary helps students to understand and memorise key terms and a new, colourful, text design enlivens the appearance of this popular book.

An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a concise and accessible textbook providing simple structural terminology and map problems which introduce geological structures. It is a perfect introduction to mapping for students of geology, engineering geology and civil engineering. Each topic is explained and illustrated by figures, and exercises follow on successive maps. If students are unable to complete an exercise, they can read on to obtain more specific instructions on how theory may be used to solve the problem. An appendix at the end of the book provides the solutions. This new, eighth edition contains simplified introductory matter to make the subject as easy to grasp as possible. Colour photographs illustrating geological structures bring the subject to life and a new map from the British Geological Survey illustrates a real area. There is more on outcrop patterns, which will help students to think in 3D, and on structures and the relationship of topography to geological structure. Cliff sections have been added to reinforce the concept of apparent dip. The section on planetary geology has been more closely tied to igneous geology to aid understanding of the connection between the two. Finally, a new map on economic geology has been added for the benefit of engineering students. A geological glossary helps students to understand and memorise key terms and a new, colourful, text design enlivens the appearance of this popular book.

An Introduction to Geological Structures and Maps is a concise and accessible textbook providing simple structural terminology and map problems which introduce geological structures. It is a perfect introduction to mapping for students of geology, engineering geology and civil engineering.

Each topic is explained and illustrated by figures, and exercises follow on successive maps. If students are unable to complete an exercise, they can read on to obtain more specific instructions on how theory may be used to solve the problem. An appendix at the end of the book provides the solutions.

This new, eighth edition contains simplified introductory matter to make the subject as easy to grasp as possible. Colour photographs illustrating geological structures bring the subject to life and a new map from the British Geological Survey illustrates a real area. There is more on outcrop patterns, which will help students to think in 3D, and on structures and the relationship of topography to geological structure. Cliff sections have been added to reinforce the concept of apparent dip. The section on planetary geology has been more closely tied to igneous geology to aid understanding of the connection between the two. Finally, a new map on economic geology has been added for the benefit of engineering students.

A geological glossary helps students to understand and memorise key terms and a new, colourful, text design enlivens the appearance of this popular book.

Table of Contents

List of Plates

Preface to the current edition

Preface to previous editions

Key to maps

Chapter 1 Strata - the ground rules

Chapter 2 Horizontal strata

Contours

Horizontal and vertical strata in the landscape

Geological maps

Chapter 3 Dipping strata

Structure contours (strike lines)

Construction of structure contours

True and apparent dip

Calculation of the thickness of a bed

Width of outcrop

Inliers and outliers

Exercises using geological survey maps

Chapter 4 Three-point problems

Construction of structure contours

Depth in boreholes

Insertion of outcrops

Chapter 5 Unconformities

Overstep

Overlap

Sub-unconformity outcrops

Exercises using geological maps

Chapter 6 Folding

Anticlines and synclines

Asymmetrical folds

Way-up criteria

Similar and concentric folding

Two possible directions of strike

Exercise on published geological survey map

Chapter 7 Map solution without structure contours 1

Chapter 8 Faults

Normal and reversed faults

The effects of faulting on outcrops

Classification of faults

Calculation of the throw of a fault

Faults and economic calculations

Wrench or tear faults

Pre- and post-unconformity faulting

Structural inliers and outliers

Posthumous faulting

Isopachytes

Exercises on published geological survey maps

Chapter 9 Map solution without structure contours 2

Chapter 10 More folds and faulted folds

Plunging folds

Calculation of the amount of plunge

The effects of faulting on fold structures

Displacement of folds by strike-slip (wrench) faults

Calculation of strike-slip displacement

Faults parallel to the limbs of a fold

Sub-surface structures

Posthumous folding

Polyphase folding

Bed isopachytes

Exercises on geological survey maps

Chapter 11 Igneous and impact features

Pyroclastic rocks

Concordant intrusions

Disordant intrusions

Impact features

Exercise on geological survey map

Impact features

Chapter 12 Economic problems

Chapter 13 Complex structures

Nappes

Thrust faults

Axial plane cleavage

Description of a geological map

The geological history of Map 45

Exercise on geological survey map

Appendix

Glossary

Index