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Social Values and Identities in the Black Sea Region focuses on the
nexus between geopolitical challenges and cultural framework in the
Black Sea region. The volume shows how the common inheritance
interferes with different religious and political institutional
backgrounds, fostering the formation of a particular cultural area.
The interdisciplinary approach combines contributions from the
domains of sociology, political science, international relations,
and security studies and employs qualitative and quantitative
analyses.
How do we conceptualize and theorize about the social organization
of ideology? How should we think methodically-in theoretically and
empirically informed ways-about the institutionalization of
indoctrination and propaganda? How should we approach the study of
the social and political instrumentation of ideology in regimes
that assume that historical missions of messianic social change are
the stringent organizing and legitimization principles of their
very existence? This book is an attempt to answer these questions.
On the one hand, this book explores key elements of
conceptualization and theoretical framing of the phenomena
associated with the institutionalization of indoctrination. New
potential venues of theoretical elaboration are identified, and in
several cases, these venues are tentatively engaged. On the other
hand, this book balances the exploratory theoretical approach with
an exploratory historical investigation. Concentrating on the case
study of Communist Romania, this book charts various facets of the
institutionalization of the "political-ideological commissars" in
the education system, while tracking their evolution. The two
dimensions of the book offer, in conjunction, a contribution to our
understanding of the institutional arrangements of indoctrination
and their associated social monitoring and control practices, as
well as to our awareness regarding their avatars, as manifested in
recent history.
The chapters in this volume explore, engage and expand on the key
thinkers and ideas of the Austrian, Virginia, and Bloomington
schools of political economy. The book emphasizes the continuing
relevance of the contributions of these schools of thought to our
understanding of cultural, social, moral and historical processes
for interdisciplinary research in the social sciences and
humanities. An analysis of human action that deliberate divorces it
from cultural, social, moral and historical processes will (at
least) limit and (at worst) distort our understanding of human
phenomena. The diversity in topics and approaches will make the
volume of interest to readers in a variety of fields, including:
anthropology, communications, East Asian languages &
literature, economics, law, musicology, philosophy, and political
science.
Elinor Ostrom, co-recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in economics,
argues that in studying social order, we should not be limited to
only the conceptions of order derived from the work of Adam Smith
and Thomas Hobbes. To be precise, we should not limit ourselves to
theoretical frameworks of The State and to theoretical frameworks
of The Market. We need approaches that match the extensive variety
of institutional arrangements existent in the world. In this book,
Paul Dragos Aligica discusses some of the most challenging ideas
emerging out of the research program on institutional diversity
associated with Ostrom and her associates, while outlining a set of
new research directions and an original interpretation of the
significance and future of this program.
James M. Buchanan, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1986,
was a pioneer of public choice and constitutional political
economy, as well as contributing to many fields of study, including
philosophy, political science, and public finance. Each chapter in
this volume seeks to explore, critique, and emphasize the
continuing relevance of the vast contributions of Buchanan to our
understanding of political economy and social philosophy. The
diversity in topics and approaches will make the volume of interest
to readers in a variety of fields, and accessible to scholars from
a variety of backgrounds providing the opportunity to further a
cross-disciplinary exploration and discussion on market process
theory.
This book focuses on the alternative paradigm, the pro-growth
intellectual tradition that rejected the prophecies of doom and
called for realism and pragmatism in dealing with the challenge of
the future. Paul Dragos Aligica reconstructs and describes the
basic elements of this tradition that emerged in the seventies as a
response to the Club of Rome and the "limits to growth" movement.
He outlines a comprehensive perspective on its methodological and
conceptual foundations. Aligica uses the work of the two major
founders of this alternative approach: Herman Kahn and Julian
Simon. Herman Kahn was the first scholar and public intellectual to
engage and refute the "doomsday" theses advanced by the Club of
Rome and its followers. In his spirited and optimistic arguments he
made a strong case for the feasibility, desirability and morality
of global economic growth arguing that even given all the likely
human, environmental, and material costs and risks, "the case is
close to if not fully overwhelming." Julian Simon elaborated the
"anti-doomsayers" lines opened by Kahn, further developing the
emerging paradigm. He articulated new and precise arguments on
issues such as population growth, natural resources scarcity and
technological change, and reinforced Kahn's thesis that continued
world economic development is a moral imperative as well as a
practical desideratum. Together, Kahn and Simon managed to build
the foundations on which rest the current counter-reaction to the
"limits to growth" rhetoric and its initiatives. Both were not only
public figures of great accomplishments and influence but also
remarkable thinkers and personalities.
The work of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom represents a distinctive
contribution to the study of political economy, public policy and
administration, collective action, and governance theory. Efforts
to present a comprehensive overview of the Bloomington School that
grew around the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis
(now renamed the Ostrom Workshop), which they founded more than 40
years ago, received new impetus with the award of the Nobel
Memorial Prize in Economic Science to Elinor Ostrom in 2009. Since
then, renewed attempts have been made to map the Ostroms'
contributions to theories of polycentric governance and collective
action, and to multi-methods and comparative institutional analysis
of ways of managing social and ecological systems, common pool
resources, public economies, and metropolitan reform. The
open-ended and multiform nature of the Ostroms' research program
defies a single comprehensive overview; yet, it is a stimulus
towards both creativity and disciplinary cross-fertilization in
social science research. What sets this volume apart is that it
brings together theory and practice, models and work on the ground,
design and creativity, empirics and norms, to outline the
significance of the Ostroms' research program for the future. Each
contribution to the volume takes the Ostromian perspective as the
point of departure, amplifies it and explores the ground for future
work by engaging with other approaches and areas of research with
which the Bloomington School has some affinities. This way of
testing and extending the ideas and methods of the Ostroms is
particularly appropriate since their research program, initiated
and nurtured through the Workshop, has always been in-between
different fields and sub-fields in the social sciences (political
science, economics, public administration, law, history,
anthropology), cultivating a strong interdisciplinary way of doing
research and exploiting the virtuous circle between theory,
analysis, model building, and empirical research. Engaging in a
creative dialogue with ideas and methods of other research programs
is a way of sharpening one's analytic tools, while renovating one's
own vision of social research. This volume is a way of thinking
through and beyond the Bloomington School.
By the time of his untimely death in 1983, Herman Kahn was
recognized by both friends and intellectual adversaries as 'one of
the world's most creative and best minds.' The current growing
resurgence of interest in Kahn's ideas and intellectual legacy
demonstrates the enduring relevance of his work. Yet, in spite of
the constant influence of his arguments, there is a shortage of
books summarizing Kahn's essential contributions, and thus his work
is not as well known as it should be. The Essential Herman Kahn is
an attempt to cope with this predicament and offer the public for
the first time an anthology consisting of the essence of Kahn's
work, organized thematically. The two decades that have passed
since his death allow us today to approach his work undisturbed by
the 'sound and fury' of the many public debates and controversies
he participated in and to focus on some of the deepest and most
enduring dimensions of his intellectual contributions. The
anthology will try to bring together, out of the several thousands
pages published by Kahn during his life, the 'essential Kahn, ' the
most relevant, consequential and interesting themes, ideas and
arguments defining his legacy. As such it will met the needs of
those who are interested in Kahn's work but do not have the time
and energy to access his out-of-print books, to make their way
through the voluminous number of pages, and then to sort out the
essential from the accidental, the perennial from the contextual.
By the time of his untimely death in 1983, Herman Kahn was
recognized by both friends and intellectual adversaries as "one of
the world's most creative and best minds." The current growing
resurgence of interest in Kahn's ideas and intellectual legacy
demonstrates the enduring relevance of his work. Yet, in spite of
the constant influence of his arguments, there is a shortage of
books summarizing Kahn's essential contributions, and thus his work
is not as well known as it should be. The Essential Herman Kahn is
an attempt to cope with this predicament and offer the public for
the first time an anthology consisting of the essence of Kahn's
work, organized thematically. The two decades that have passed
since his death allow us today to approach his work undisturbed by
the "sound and fury" of the many public debates and controversies
he participated in and to focus on some of the deepest and most
enduring dimensions of his intellectual contributions. The
anthology will try to bring together, out of the several thousands
pages published by Kahn during his life, the "essential Kahn," the
most relevant, consequential and interesting themes, ideas and
arguments defining his legacy. As such it will met the needs of
those who are interested in Kahn's work but do not have the time
and energy to access his out-of-print books, to make their way
through the voluminous number of pages, and then to sort out the
essential from the accidental, the perennial from the contextual.
Very few studies have ventured to explore the shift in economic
ideas that were such a critical factor in shaping and understanding
the East European transition process. Paul Dragos Aligica and
Anthony J. Evans have seized upon the potential that this crucial
case has to illuminate the larger phenomenon of diffusion and
adoption of economic ideas. Two different but related research
agendas are developed: the study of the spread of 'neoliberalism'
as seen from the perspective of Eastern European post-communist
evolutions and the study of Eastern European transition as seen
from an ideas-centered perspective.Combining a distinctive
synthesis of the existing data about the spread of neoliberal
economic ideas in Central and Eastern Europe with an analysis of
the processes at work, the authors challenge a series of
misunderstandings and myths about the spread of neoliberal economic
ideas. The disputed topics include: the myth of an Eastern European
rush to embrace the theories and ideas that may be considered the
mark of 'market fundamentalism'; the notion that a harsh
'neoliberal dogmatism' was somehow imposed on the region from
outside; the idea that the standardization and regimentation of
economic thinking was a result of the spread of the Western way of
doing economics; and the belief that the Eastern Europeans
passively embraced this uniformity and standardization due to
pressure from the Westerners. This unusual synthesis will appeal to
scholars in economics, political science, communist/post-communist
studies and new institutionalism, as well as policymakers.
In this book Paul Dragos Aligica revisits the theory of political
self-governance in the context of recent developments in behavioral
economics and political philosophy that have challenged the
foundations of this theory. Building on the work of the
'Bloomington School' created by Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom and
Public Choice political economy co-founder Vincent Ostrom, Aligica
presents a fresh conceptualization of the key processes at the core
of democratic-liberal governance systems involving civic competence
and public entrepreneurship. The result is not only a re-assessment
and re-articulation of the theories constructed by the Bloomington
School of Public Choice, but also a new approach to several
cutting-edge discussions relevant to governance studies and applied
institutional theory, such as the debates generated by the recent
waves of populism, paternalism and authoritarianism.
The relationship between the Austrian tradition and Bloomington
institutionalism has been part of a larger intellectual evolution
of a family of schools of thought that coevolved in multiple
streams over the last 100 years or so. The Bloomington scholars,
once they delineated the broader parameters of their own research
program, started to reconstruct, reinterpret, and in many cases
simply rediscover and reinvent Austrian insights and themes. As
such, they created the possibility of giving those insights and
themes new interpretations and new applications, in novel
circumstances with new research priorities, in particular, public
administration, governance and collective action, and
entrepreneurship in non-market settings. Was there a programmatic
and explicit effort to recover and reinvent the Austrian tradition?
The answer has to be an emphatic 'no'. But that is precisely the
reason why the Ostroms' work should be interesting to scholars
working in the Austrian tradition. The thematic convergence and the
compatibility and complementarity between the Austrian and
Bloomington schools is driven by their internal underlying
theoretical logic and by the logic of problem solving. Upon closer
inspection, the underlying familial and genealogical connections
reveal themselves again and again. The convergence and interplay
between these two intellectual traditions is rich and productive.
On the one hand, it stands as a demonstration of the applied
relevance of the set of approaches and issues that we traditionally
associate with the Austrian tradition. On the other hand, it is a
challenge to further explore and elaborate this area. This volume
is an attempt to respond to that challenge.
In this book Paul Dragos Aligica revisits the theory of political
self-governance in the context of recent developments in behavioral
economics and political philosophy that have challenged the
foundations of this theory. Building on the work of the
'Bloomington School' created by Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom and
Public Choice political economy co-founder Vincent Ostrom, Aligica
presents a fresh conceptualization of the key processes at the core
of democratic-liberal governance systems involving civic competence
and public entrepreneurship. The result is not only a re-assessment
and re-articulation of the theories constructed by the Bloomington
School of Public Choice, but also a new approach to several
cutting-edge discussions relevant to governance studies and applied
institutional theory, such as the debates generated by the recent
waves of populism, paternalism and authoritarianism.
Elinor (Lin) Ostrom was awarded the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in
Economic Sciences for her pathbreaking research on "economic
governance, especially the commons"; but she also made important
contributions to several other fields of political economy and
public policy. The range of topics she covered and the multiple
methods she used might convey the mistaken impression that her body
of work is disjointed and incoherent. This four-volume compendium
of papers written by Lin, alone or with various coauthors (most
notably including her husband and partner, Vincent), supplemented
by others expanding on their work, brings together the common
strands of research that serve to tie her impressive oeuvre
together. That oeuvre, together with Vincent's own impressive body
of work, has come to define a distinctive school of
political-economic thought, the "Bloomington School." Each of the
four volumes is organized around a central theme of Lin's work.
Volume 1 explores the roles played by the concept polycentricity in
the disciplines of public administration, political science, and
other forms of political economy. Polycentricity denotes a complex
system of governance in which public authorities, citizens, and
private organizations work together to establish and enforce the
rules that guide their behavior. It encapsulates an approach toward
policy analysis that blurs standard disciplinary boundaries between
the social sciences. Throughout their long and remarkably
productive careers, Elinor and Vincent Ostrom never tired of
reminding us of the capacity of ordinary humans to transcend their
own limitations by engaging with others in the myriad forms of
collective action required to build and sustain a self-governing
society. Their careers stand as exemplars of the proper
relationship between rigorous scholarship and responsible
citizenship.
James M. Buchanan, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1986,
was a pioneer of public choice and constitutional political
economy, as well as contributing to many fields of study, including
philosophy, political science, and public finance. Each chapter in
this volume seeks to explore, critique, and emphasize the
continuing relevance of the vast contributions of Buchanan to our
understanding of political economy and social philosophy. The
diversity in topics and approaches will make the volume of interest
to readers in a variety of fields, and accessible to scholars from
a variety of backgrounds providing the opportunity to further a
cross-disciplinary exploration and discussion on market process
theory.
Classical liberalism entails not only a theory about the scope of
government and its relationship with the market but also a distinct
view about how government should operate within its proper domain
of public choices in non-market settings. Building on the political
economy principles underpinning the works of diverse authors such
as Friedrich Hayek, James Buchanan and Vincent and Elinor Ostrom,
this book challenges the technocratic-epistocratic perspective in
which social goals are defined by an aggregated social function and
experts simply provide the means to attain them. The authors argue
that individualism, freedom of choice, and freedom of association
have deep implications on how we design, manage and assess our
public governance arrangements. The book examines the knowledge and
incentive problems associated with bureaucratic public
administration while contrasting it with democratic governance.
Aligica, Boettke, and Tarko argue that the focus should be on the
diversity of opinions in any society regarding "what should be
done" and on the design of democratic and polycentric institutions
capable of limiting social conflicts and satisfying the preferences
of as many people as possible. They thus fill a large gap in the
literature, the public discourse, and the ways decision makers
understand the nature and administration of the public sector.
This volume brings a set of key works by Elinor Ostrom,
co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, together with
those of Vincent Ostrom, one of the originators of Public Choice
political economy. The two scholars introduce and expound their
approaches and analytical perspectives on the study of institutions
and governance. The book puts together works representing the main
analytical and conceptual vehicles articulated by the Ostroms to
create the Bloomington School of public choice and institutional
theory. Their endeavours sought to 're-establish the priority of
theory over data collection and analysis', and to better integrate
theory and practice. These efforts are illustrated via selected
texts, organised around three themes: the political economy and
public choice roots of their work in creating a distinct branch of
political economy; the evolutionary nature of their work that led
them to go beyond mainstream public choice, thereby enriching the
public choice tradition itself; and, finally, the foundational and
epistemological dimensions and implications of their work.
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