This vibrant and significantly revised new edition is a comprehensive and accessible text for studying political theory in a changing world. Bringing together classic and contemporary political concepts and ideologies into one book, it introduces the major approaches to political issues that have shaped our world, and the ideas that form the currency of political debate. Consistently, it relates political ideas to political realities through effective use of examples and case studies making theory lively, contentious, and relevant. With significant revisions which reflect the latest questions facing political theory in an increasingly international context, key features and updates include: Two brand new chapters on Migration and Freedom of Speech and a significant new section on the radical right; Thought-provoking case studies to bring the theory to life including social media and internet regulation, Brexit and the EU, anti-vaxxer campaigns, surrogacy tourism, and autonomous anarchist zones; A revamped website, including podcasts, to aid study of, and reading around, the subject. Introduction to Political Theory, Fourth Edition is the perfect accompaniment to undergraduate study in political theory, political philosophy, concepts and ideologies, and more broadly to the social sciences and philosophy.

This vibrant and significantly revised new edition is a comprehensive and accessible text for studying political theory in a changing world. Bringing together classic and contemporary political concepts and ideologies into one book, it introduces the major approaches to political issues that have shaped our world, and the ideas that form the currency of political debate. Consistently, it relates political ideas to political realities through effective use of examples and case studies making theory lively, contentious, and relevant. With significant revisions which reflect the latest questions facing political theory in an increasingly international context, key features and updates include: Two brand new chapters on Migration and Freedom of Speech and a significant new section on the radical right; Thought-provoking case studies to bring the theory to life including social media and internet regulation, Brexit and the EU, anti-vaxxer campaigns, surrogacy tourism, and autonomous anarchist zones; A revamped website, including podcasts, to aid study of, and reading around, the subject. Introduction to Political Theory, Fourth Edition is the perfect accompaniment to undergraduate study in political theory, political philosophy, concepts and ideologies, and more broadly to the social sciences and philosophy.

"The computer world is like an intellectual Wild West, in which you can shoot anyone you wish with your ideas, if you're willing to risk the consequences. " --from Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul Graham We are living in the computer age, in a world increasingly designed and engineered by computer programmers and software designers, by people who call themselves hackers. Who are these people, what motivates them, and why should you care? Consider these facts: Everything around us is turning into computers. Your typewriter is gone, replaced by a computer. Your phone has turned into a computer. So has your camera. Soon your TV will. Your car was not only designed on computers, but has more processing power in it than a room-sized mainframe did in 1970. Letters, encyclopedias, newspapers, and even your local store are being replaced by the Internet. Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age, by Paul Graham, explains this world and the motivations of the people who occupy it. In clear, thoughtful prose that draws on illuminating historical examples, Graham takes readers on an unflinching exploration into what he calls "an intellectual Wild West." The ideas discussed in this book will have a powerful and lasting impact on how we think, how we work, how we develop technology, and how we live. Topics include the importance of beauty in software design, how to make wealth, heresy and free speech, the programming language renaissance, the open-source movement, digital design, internet startups, and more.

For use as a core text supplement in any course covering common LISP such as Artificial Intelligence or Concepts of Programming Languages.

Teaching students new and more powerful ways of thinking about programs, this text contains a tutorial—full of examples—that explains all the essential concepts of Lisp programming, plus an up- to-date summary of ANSI Common Lisp, listing every operator in the language. Informative and fun, it gives students everything they need to start writing programs in Lisp both efficiently and effectively, and highlights such innovative Lisp features as automatic memory management, manifest typing, closures, and more.

'The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance' - John Rawls, A Theory of Justice What is justice? How can we know it? How can we make our society more just? The most significant political philosopher since John Stuart Mill, John Rawls (1921 - 2002) grappled with such dilemmas. His work has been the source not only of academic argument, but also of political debate and legislative reform, arguing that we have a moral duty to organise society so as to rectify undeserved inequality. In the first introduction to Rawls's work which encompasses his entire career, Dr Paul Graham combines lucid exposition with thought-provoking criticism. Locating Rawls in the rich history of political thought, Graham explores a theory that remains fiercely relevant as the developed world sees unprecedented levels of inequality. For anyone concerned with how society works, this is a vital introduction to one of the great modern philosophers and to a subject that is crucial to how we live.

A1 - The Great North Road was Paul Graham's first book, published in 1983. Despite the UK having a vibrant photographic scene at the time, there were only handful of monographic books - Chris Killip and Martin Parr had one each - and no dedicated publishers or distributors. Graham had to self-publish A1, but as the first colour book, it had a startling impact on British photography. Uniting the tradition of social documentary with the fresh approach of new colour, A1 - The Great North Road was transformative on photography in the UK and paved the way for a new generation of British colour photographers to emerge, from Nick Waplington to Anna Fox, Richard Billingham to Tom Wood. Spanning the full length of England and into Edinburgh, Graham travelled repeatedly along the 'Great North Road' with a large format camera, to record the people, buildings, and landscape of early 1980's Britain. Now 40 years old, this book is as much art as it is a historical document of the years of Margaret Thatcher’s government and the UK’s declining industrial base. Graham went on to complete Beyond Caring (1985) and Troubled Land (1986), both of which became iconic bodies of work. Originally self-published and now rare, Graham's 1980's trilogy of books will be re-published over the coming years by MACK.

It's a tough thing being a mercenary in Iraq. It takes guts. Courage. Self-sacrifice. It requires a steadfast spirit and the desire to be instrumental in changing the world for democracy's sake. No, it's not for everyone. This best book of Iraq military memoirs, Irishman in Iraq, chronicles author Paul Graham's experiences in post-war Iraq when democracy struggled and death was always a possibility. It's not a tale of blood and guts, breath-taking heroism, or daring in the face of insurmountable odds-it's a story of a life-changing journey. Irishman in Iraq lays bare the behind-the-scenes efforts of an often maligned and misunderstood group of warriors who live in tents, many times without comforts, as they strive to educate Iraqi locals in police training so they can defend themselves, and others. Veterans of former cultural conflicts, many of Graham's mercenary colleagues served their countries as soldiers, police officers, or both, many approaching middle age. Yes, they put their lives on the line for the promise of good wages, but also for the adventure-the once-in-a-lifetime chance to set foot on soil others only hear about without understanding of its true nature. Graham draws back the curtain, exposing the secretive world of the private security operative, including the bitching and backstabbing. He contends Irishman in Iraq is likely to draw complaints from the modern-day mercenaries who prefer and choose to remain cloaked in shadows. In mystery. "Too bad," Graham comments, acknowledging their discontent. "This is a 'warts and all' book-the backstabbing, intrigue, in-house politics, and general nonsense-nothing is sacred." Graham's book spills the beans, and strips naked the allure of being a mercenary-a soldier of fortune-and, he's proud of his contribution to a society and culture grappling with change. Graham knew his reflections of experiences in war-torn Iraq would be his legacy to his children and grandchildren. Even on days when he was exhausted by 120 F. heat, he journaled each day's events for he knew its potential as a book-not a glossy, boastful snapshot, but something real. Honest. Earthy. You'll live alongside the British and U.S. armies, traveling and spending time waiting in strange places. You'll learn what the Iraqis think about issues, their lives, and adjusting to life under foreign occupation. In the middle of relationships with co-workers, you'll learn how they soured quickly for trivial reasons. You'll understand that guns for hire are no longer overthrowing banana republics-they're taking up slack for governments needing experts on short notice for dangerous places. At its core, Graham's book is a tale about a fish out of water. It's a story of an Irishman in Iraq.

South African legislation, as well as international conventions like the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child which have been ratified by South Africa, indicate shared and increasing acknowledgement of the importance of protecting and promoting children's rights. In South Africa these remain confined to principle and policy. In practice, poverty, unemployment, child labour, violence and abuse, inadequate policy support and serviced, ignorance and above all HIV/AIDS pose a real threat to the realisation and enjoyment of these rights. This study on the interface between unempolyment, poverty and children's wellbeing in South Africa arose out of seminar, hosted by the Children's Budget Unit of the Institute for Democracy in South Africa, the Children's Institute of the University of Cape Town and Save the Children Sweden, to identify research gaps in the connection between child wellbeing and poverty.

Paul Graham is a 40 year old man who lives in Edinburgh. He was born in Dundee in Scotland and lived in Arbroath until the age of six. At the age of twelve Paul sadly developed a condition called Hydrocephalus. The word comes from the Greek meaning 'watery head'. Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside the brain. Paul has two shunts in his head due to this condition and it has left him with some brain damage. On top of this Paul is totally blind. Paul enjoys playing guitar and writing songs and is a devoted fan of the late Elvis Presley. Paul is also a loyal Celtic supporter. As a Christian Paul is concerned about the poverty in the world; and he is firmly opposed to war and violence. Captain Kizzy and the Grapes is not only an exceptionally charming book, and a credit to any writer of children's stories, but it is an extraordinary achievement for someone with Paul Graham's disabilities.

Democracy in the time of Mbeki, third in IDASA's democracy index series, is a scorecard of the current state of South African democracy. Drawing on our organisation's experience and expertise, and using our unique 100-question Democracy index, this title sets out to measure how much progress has been made in South Africa's democracy-building project. This is not an attempt to judge the government of the day; it is way to assess the extent to which we all are contributing to our country's wellbeing. Including contributions from leading commentators who applied the index in their areas of expertise, this volume invites you to measure South Africa's democracy yourself, using the Democracy index included in this title. How much control do South African citizens have over the actions of their government? How equal are they in that process? Do the people rule, and do the people rule equally?These are the core questions that this volume attempts to answer.

Five leading political commentators record and measure the depth and degree of democracy in their area of specialisation, grading South Africa's performance to date. This book produces a profile of South Africa's democracy seven years after the 1994 founding election. The five areas of inquiry are: * Consensus on and participation in government - Steven Friedman * Selection of decision-makers - Sipho Maseko, * Popular control over decision-makers - Ebrahim Harvey * Protecting citizens' equality - Cathi Albertyn * Economic and social inequality - Bongani Khumalo Includes contributions by Michael Spicer of the Anglo American Corporation and Molefe Tsele of the South African Council of Churches. In the Balance incorporates Idasa's Democracy Index, a tool for assessing the state of South Africa's democracy, to be completed by readers.

'Being a JTAC is the closest a soldier on the ground in the midst of battle can get to feeling like one of the gods - unleashing pure hellfire, death and destruction' - Duncan Falconer Meet Sergeant 'Bommer' Grahame, one of the deadliest soldiers on the battlefield. He's an elite army JTAC (Joint Terminal Attack Controller- pronounced 'jay-tack') - a specially trained warrior responsible for directing Allied air power with high-tech precision. Commanding Apache gunships, A10 tank-busters, F15s and Harrier jets, he brings down devastating fire strikes against the attacking Taliban, often danger close to his own side. Due to his specialist role, Sergeant Grahame usually operates in the thick of the action, where it's at its most fearsome and deadly. Conjuring the seemingly impossible from apparently hopeless situations, soldiers in battle rely on the skill and bravery of their JTAC to enable them to win through in the heat of the danger zone. Fire Strike 7/9 tells the story of Bommer Grahame and his five-man Fire Support Team on their tour of Afghanistan. Patrolling deep into enemy territory, they were hunted and targeted by the Taliban, shot at, blown-up, mortared and hit by rockets on numerous occasions. Under these conditions Sergeant Grahame notched up 203 confirmed enemy kills, making him the difference between life and death both for his own troops and the Taliban.

"This book provides an engaging and intellectually challenging introduction to political ideologies, while at the same time giving an accessible route into the subject for those new to politics. Supported by an outstanding companion website, it has strong claims to be the best undergraduate textbook on ideologies on the market.""" "Dr. Mike Gough, University of East Anglia" "Introduction to Political Theory "is a text for the 21st century. It shows students why an understanding of theory is crucial to an understanding of issues and events in a rapidly shifting global political landscape. Bringing together classic and contemporary political concepts and ideologies into one book, this new text introduces the major approaches to political issues that have shaped the modern world, and the ideas that form the currency of political debate. "Introduction to Political Theory "relates political ideas to political realities through effective use of examples and cases studies making theory lively, contentious and relevant. This thoroughly revised and updated second edition contains new chapters on global justice and political violence, as well as an expanded treatment of globalisation and the state. A wide range of pedagogical features helps to clarify, extend and apply students' understanding of the fundamental ideologies and concepts. This is comprised of: - Case studies demonstrate how political ideas, concepts and issues manifest in the real world - 'Focus' boxes encourage students to appreciate alternative viewpoints - A range of thought provoking photographs challenge students to examine concepts from a different angle - Suggestions for further reading and weblinks are also provided to help students to further their understanding "Introduction to Political Theory" is accompanied by an innovative website with multiple choice questions, biographies of key figures in political theory, further case studies and an innovative 'how to read' feature which helps students get to grips with difficult primary texts.