First published in 2004, this is the fourteenth annual volume published under the auspices of the Elections, Public opinion and Parties (EPOP) specialist group of the Political Studies Association (PSA) of the United Kingdom. The 2003 September Cardiff conference was distinguished by the First Minister for Wales, Rt Hon. Rhodri Morgan AM. This is a collection of twelve papers from the conference and a reference section.

The sister volume to Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, this book offers a systematic and rigorous analysis of parties in some of the world's major new democracies. Drawing on a wealth of expertise and data, the book assesses the popular legitimacy, organizational development and functional performance of political parties in Latin America and postcommunist Eastern Europe. It demonstrates the generational differences between parties in the old and new democracies, and reveals contrasts among the latter. Parties are shown to be at their most feeble in those recently transitional democracies characterized by personalistic, candidate-centred forms of politics, but in other new democracies - especially those with parliamentary systems - parties are more stable and institutionalized, enabling them to facilitate a meaningful degree of popular choice and control. Wherever party politics is weakly institutionalized, political inequality tends to be greater, commitment to pluralism less certain, clientelism and corruption more pronounced, and populist demagoguery a greater temptation. Without party, democracy's hold is more tenuous. Comparative Politics is a series for scholars and students of political science that deals with contemporary issues in comparative government and politics. The General Editor is David M. Farrell, Jean Monnet Chair in European Politics and Head of School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research.

This accessible, rigorously researched and highly revealing book lifts the lid on political party membership. It represents the first in-depth study of six of the UK's biggest parties - Labour, the Conservatives, the Scottish National Party, the Liberal Democrats, UK Independence Party and the Greens - carried out simultaneously, thereby providing invaluable new insights into members' social characteristics, attitudes, activities and campaigning, reasons for joining and leaving, and views on how their parties should be run and who should represent them. In short, at a time of great pressure on, and change across parties, this book helps us discover not only what members want out of their parties but what parties want out of their members. This text is essential reading for those interested in political parties, party membership, elections and campaigning, representation, and political participation, be they scholars and students of British and comparative politics, or politicians, journalists and party members - in short, anyone who cares about the future of representative democracy.

This accessible, rigorously researched and highly revealing book lifts the lid on political party membership. It represents the first in-depth study of six of the UK's biggest parties - Labour, the Conservatives, the Scottish National Party, the Liberal Democrats, UK Independence Party and the Greens - carried out simultaneously, thereby providing invaluable new insights into members' social characteristics, attitudes, activities and campaigning, reasons for joining and leaving, and views on how their parties should be run and who should represent them. In short, at a time of great pressure on, and change across parties, this book helps us discover not only what members want out of their parties but what parties want out of their members. This text is essential reading for those interested in political parties, party membership, elections and campaigning, representation, and political participation, be they scholars and students of British and comparative politics, or politicians, journalists and party members - in short, anyone who cares about the future of representative democracy.

Comparative Politics is a series for students and teachers of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. The General Editors are Professor Alfio Mastropaolo, University of Turin and Kenneth Newton, University of Southampton and Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research.
The sister volume to Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, this book offers a systematic and rigorous analysis of parties in some of the world's major new democracies. Drawing on a wealth of expertise and data, the book assesses the popular legitimacy, organizational development and functional performance of political parties in Latin America and post-communist Eastern Europe. It demonstrates the generational differences between parties in the old and new democracies, and reveals contrasts among the latter. Parties are shown to be at their most feeble in those recently transitional democracies characterized by personalistic, candidate-centered forms of politics, but in other new democracies--especially those with parliamentary systems--parties are more stable and institutionalized, enabling them to facilitate a meaningful degree of popular choice and control. Wherever party politics is weakly institutionalized, political inequality tends to be greater, commitment to pluralism less certain, clientelism and corruption more pronounced, and populist demagoguery a greater temptation. Without party, democracy's hold is more tenuous.

How relevant and vital are political parties in contemporary democracies? Do they fulfill the functions that any stable and effective democracy might expect of them, or are they little more than moribund anachronisms, relics of a past age of political life, now superseded by other mechanisms of linkage between state and society? These are the central questions which this book aims to address through a rigorous comparative analysis of political parties operating in the world's advanced industrial democracies. Drawing on the expertise of an impressive team of internationally known specialists, the book engages systematically with the evidence to show that, while a degree of popular cynicism towards them is often chronic, though rarely acute, parties have adapted and survived as organizations, remodelling themselves to the needs of an era in which patterns of linkage and communication with social groups have been transformed. This has enabled them to remain central to democratic systems, especially in respect of the political functions of governance, recruitment and, albeit more problematically, interest aggregation. On the other hand, the challenges they face in respect of interest articulation, communication and participation have pushed parties into more marginal roles within Western political systems. The implications of these findings for democracy depend on the observer's normative and theoretical perspectives. Those who understand democracy primarily in terms of popular choice and control in public affairs will probably see parties as continuing to play a central role, while those who place greater store by the more demanding criteria of optimizing interests and instilling civic orientations among citizens are far more likely to be fundamentally critical.

Drawing on the expertise of an impressive team of internationally known specialists, this book offers an unrivalled survey of modern political parties and their role in contemporary democracy. Through a rigorous comparative analysis of political parties operating in the world's advanced industrial democracies, the book argues that, while a degree of popular cynicism towards them is often chronic, though rarely acute, parties have adapted and survived as organizations, remodelling themselves to the needs of an era in which patterns of linkage and communication with social groups have been transformed.

The new edition of this successful book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview and account of the changing nature of party politics in Britain today. Webb and Bale draw on models of comparative politics in conducting a wealth of new empirical analysis to map and explain the ways in which the party system has evolved, and the parties have adapted to a changing political environment. Themes covered include the nature and extent of party competition, the internal life and organizational development of parties, the varieties of party system found across the UK, and the roles played by parties within the wider political system. The book also addresses the crisis of popular legitimacy confronting the parties, as well as assessing the scope for potential reform. While parties remain central to the functioning of Britain's democracy, public disaffection with them is as high as it has ever been; reform of the system of representation and party funding is warranted, but there are unlikely to be any panaceas.

The Presidentialization of Politics shows that the politics of democratic societies is moving towards a presidentialized working mode, even in the absence of formal institutional changes. These developments can be explained by a combination of long-term structural changes in modern politics and societies' contingent factors which fluctuate over time. While these contingent, short-term factors relate to the personalities of office holders, the overall political agenda, and the majority situation in parliament, there are several structural factors which are relatively uniform across modern nations. First, the internationalization of modern politics (which is particularly pronounced within the European Union) has led to an 'executive bias' of the political process which has strengthened the role of political top elites vis-a-vis their parliamentary groups and/or their parties. Their predominance has been amplified further by the vastly expanded steering capacities of state machineries which have severely reduced the scope of effective parliamentary control. At the same time, the declining stability of political alignments has increased the proportion of citizens whose voting decisions are not constrained by long-standing party loyalties. In conjunction with the mediatization of politics, this has increased the capacity of political leaders to by-pass their party machines and to appeal directly to voters.
As a result, three interrelated processes have led to a political process increasingly moulded by the inherent logic of presidentialism: increasing leadership power and autonomy within the political executive; increasing leadership power and autonomy within political parties; andincreasingly leadership-centred electoral processes.
The book presents evidence for this process of presidentialization for 14 modern democracies (including the US and Canada). While there are substantial cross-national differences, the overall thesis holds: modern democracies are increasingly following a presidential logic of governance through which leadership is becoming more central and more powerful, but also increasingly dependent on successful immediate appeal to the mass public. Implications for democratic theory are considered.

David Oyelowo stars in this American drama directed by Ava DuVernay. Based on the Selma to Montgomery marches of 1965 that led to the passing of the Voting Rights Act, the film follows the story of James Bevel (Common), Hosea Williams (Wendell Pierce) and Martin Luther King Jr (Oyelowo) as they campaigned for their right to vote. As Luther King Jr led hundreds of like-minded people along the 54-mile highway from Selma to the Alabama state capital of Montgomery, they were met with violent conflict and brutal opposition and had to fight their way through to simply claim what was rightfully theirs. The cast also includes Cuba Gooding Jr, Tom Wilkinson and Oprah Winfrey. The film won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Original Song.

The new edition of this successful book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview and account of the changing nature of party politics in Britain today. Webb and Bale draw on models of comparative politics in conducting a wealth of new empirical analysis to map and explain the ways in which the party system has evolved, and the parties have adapted to a changing political environment. Themes covered include the nature and extent of party competition, the internal life and organizational development of parties, the varieties of party system found across the UK, and the roles played by parties within the wider political system. The book also addresses the crisis of popular legitimacy confronting the parties, as well as assessing the scope for potential reform. While parties remain central to the functioning of Britain's democracy, public disaffection with them is as high as it has ever been; reform of the system of representation and party funding is warranted, but there are unlikely to be any panaceas.

This compelling anthology illuminates the transformative role of education research in Africa, presenting a bricolage of studies by scholarship holders of the East and South African-German Centre of Excellence for Educational Research Methodologies and Management (CERM-ESA). Bridging insights from these two regions, the book examines the vital intersections between education, society and culture, with a focus on fostering sustainable educational reform and empowering local communities.

At the heart of the book is a shared commitment to evolving higher education in Africa through collaborative, context-sensitive research.

Anchored by the partnership of five universities across two continents, CERM-ESA's initiatives support capacity-building and innovation in African educational contexts, working directly with schools, communities and policymakers to address the unique challenges of the continent. With themes ranging from indigenous methodologies and climate change education to gender equity and academic resilience, the chapters showcase diverse and locally relevant approaches that inform and inspire change across educational sectors.

Targeted toward education researchers, policymakers and practitioners invested in African development, Education Research in African Contexts offers an in-depth exploration of educational methodologies that honour traditions while embracing progressive change. The book provides invaluable insights for educators and leaders seeking to support responsive, impactful education systems.

Through critical reflection and innovative research, the volume reimagines educational paradigms that respect African realities, encouraging readers to explore new possibilities for inclusive and transformative research.

The teaching of mathematics proceeds from simple calculations to complex conceptualisations. As numerical figures and symbols and shapes morph towards complex abstractions, there seems to be a `natural selection' in society between a few who experience sheer joy from the subject and phobia for the majority. Today, the world places great value on mastering mathematics as a basis for integration into the world of work in a global epoch of rapid technological change. Thus, understandably, most nations obsess about their ability to impart and absorb mathematical knowledge. Global comparative studies on that issue are taken as grounds for national pride and self-perceptions of intelligence. Sheer horror greets poor outcomes; the empirical and the substantive merge into a confounding vortex of misconceptions. Finger-pointing and hyperbole ensue, and politics enters the fray in its most shameful and destructive forms. Post-1994, South Africa has had its own share of self-flagellation. There has been much research on the reasons behind the country's poor comparative performance. While there have been some improvements in the recent period, those are barely enough. This book on the pedagogy of mathematics reasserts some of the findings of previous studies. Those relate to: the impact of a racist system that perversely reckoned that keeping mathematical knowledge from the oppressed would prove their supposed inferiority; the relevance of the language of teaching; changing school curricula, and the questions of how to speed up movement from universal access to better outcomes. The authors go beyond that to pose the simple but telling question: why, at all, do we teach mathematics, and what is its actual utility to life? As this book clearly reveals, teaching mathematics through dialogue that is linked to a concrete social environment is fundamental to speeding up the improvements South Africa has started to experience. So are the joint efforts of government, the unions, and private partners to improve the situation.

An account of innovators and inventors who have affected ll of our lives.

Do you feel the need to pray but just don't know where or how to start? What better way to learn How to Pray than to learn from the original teacher, Jesus. When the disciples of Jesus asked him to teach them to pray he gave them an outline that covers all the tenets of prayer. These are Praise and Adoration of the Father, that the Kingdom of heaven would be manifested on earth, a request that His will be done, and not our own, repentance for sin, the grace to forgive others as we have been forgiven, that we be kept from temptation, and that we be protected from evil. A breakdown of this prayer, and more is included in this guide on How to Pray. There is also a guide for daily prayer that you can adapt for you and your family.

Throughout the Bible there are times when the name of God is changed to reflect a characteristic of himself that He wants us to know Him by at that time. This book details twelve of those names and how we can apply them to ourselves, as well as how to use them in our prayer time.

Throughout the Bible there are times when the name of God is changed to reflect a characteristic of himself that He wants us to know Him by at that time. This book details twelve of those names and how we can apply them to ourselves, as well as how to use them in our prayer time.

Treadmiil Repair will help you diagnose and solve most of the common problems with your treadmill. You could also save hundereds of dollars in repair bills by using the simple steps involved in the procedures outlined in the book