Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs presents a systematic and comprehensive treatment of power modeling and optimization at the logic level. More precisely, this book provides a detailed presentation of methodologies, algorithms and CAD tools for power modeling, estimation and analysis, synthesis and optimization at the logic level. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs contains detailed descriptions of technology-dependent logic transformations and optimizations, technology decomposition and mapping, and post-mapping structural optimization techniques for low power. It also emphasizes the trade-off techniques for two-level and multi-level logic circuits that involve power dissipation and circuit speed, in the hope that the readers can better understand the issues and ways of achieving their power dissipation goal while meeting the timing constraints. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs is written for VLSI design engineers, CAD professionals, and students who have had a basic knowledge of CMOS digital design and logic synthesis.

Integrated circuit densities and operating speeds continue to rise at an exponential rate. Chips, however, cannot get larger and faster without a sharp decrease in power consumption beyond the current levels. Minimization of power consumption in VLSI chips has thus become an important design objective. In fact, with the explosive growth in demand for portable electronics and the usual push toward more complex functionality and higher performance, power consumption has in many cases become the limiting factor in satisfying the market demand. A new generation of power-conscious CAD tools are coming onto the market to help designers estimate, optimize and verify power consumption levels at most stages of the IC design process. These tools are especially prevalent at the register-transfer level and below. There is a great need for similar tools and capabilities at the behavioral and system levels of the design process. Many researchers and CAD tool developers are working on high-level power modeling and estimation, as well as power-constrained high-level synthesis and optimization. Techniques and tools alone are, however, insufficient to optimize VLSI circuit power dissipation - a consistent and convergent design methodology is also required. Power Optimization and Synthesis at Behavioral and System Levels Using Formal Methods was written to address some of the key problems in power analysis and optimization early in the design process. In particular, this book focuses on power macro-modeling based on regression analysis and power minimization through behavioral transformations, scheduling, resource assignment and hardware/software partitioning and mapping. What differentiates this book from other published work on the subject is the mathematical basis and formalism behind the algorithms and the optimality of these algorithms subject to the stated assumptions. From the Foreword: This book makes an important contribution to the field of system design technologies by presenting a set of algorithms with guaranteed optimality properties, that can be readily applied to system-level design. This contribution is timely, because it fills the need of new methods for a new design tool generation, which supports the design of electronic systems with even more demanding requirements'. Giovanni De Micheli, Professor, Stanford University

Power Aware Design Methodologies is on power-awareness in design. The difference between low-power design and power-awareness in design is that whereas low-power design refers to minimizing power with or without a performance constraint, power-aware design refers to maximizing some other performance metric, subject to a power budget (even while reducing power dissipation).

Power Aware Design Methodologies was conceived as an effort to bring all aspects of power-aware design methodologies together in a single document. It covers several layers of the design hierarchy from technology, circuit logic, and architectural levels up to the system layer. It includes discussion of techniques and methodologies for improving the power efficiency of CMOS circuits (digital and analog), systems on chip, microelectronic systems, wirelessly networked systems of computational nodes and so on. In addition to providing an in-depth analysis of the sources of power dissipation in VLSI circuits and systems and the technology and design trends, this book provides a myriad of state-of-the-art approaches to power optimization and control.

The different chapters of Power Aware Design Methodologies have been written by leading researchers and experts in their respective areas. Contributions are from both academia and industry. The contributors have reported the various technologies, methodologies, and techniques in such a way that they are understandable and useful to the circuit and system designers, tool developers, and academic researchers and students.

Power Aware Design Methodologies is written for the design professional and can be used as a textbook for an advanced course on power-aware designmethodologies.

While the cinema of post-revolutionary Iran is internationally acknowledged, the world outside Iran has been ignorant of the Iranian war films that are the subject of this pioneering book. Over 200 Iranian feature films concentrating primarily on fighting and military operations have appeared since the 1980s and the beginning of the war between Iran and Iraq. This book presents a detailed exploration of the 'Sacred Defence cinema' established by Seyed Morteza Avini, a cinema that directly connects this war to the faith and religious belief of volunteer guardians of the revolution. These films remain the primary vehicles of the Islamic state in Iran for the preservation and memorization of the theme of martyrdom. As the distinguished film scholar, Hamid Dabashi writes in his Foreword to the book: 'If national cinemas are predicated on national traumas, in the volume that Pedram Khosronejad has put together we are at the heart of Iranian cinema.' "The eight-year Iran-Iraq war near the end of the 20th century renewed the horrors of the First World War near the start of the century - causing millions of casualties and untold devastation on both sides. It also resulted in a vigorous and dynamic cinematic output in Iran, producing some of the most ardent Islamist political movies, Shii-inflected spiritual films, and original theorization of what constitutes an 'Islamic cinema'. Khosronejad has managed to amass an astute and fascinating anthology - the first in English - that brings together an international roster of scholars to deal with the complexities and varieties of war fiction films, documentaries, television series and auteur directors." Prof. Hamid Naficy Northwestern University

In recent yearswe haveseen considerableadvances in the development of - manoid robots, that is robots with an anthropomorphic design. Such robots should be capable of autonomously performing tasks for their human users in changing environments by adapting to these and to the circumstances at hand. To do so, they as well as any kind of autonomous robot need to have some way of understanding the world around them. We humans do so by our senses, both our far senses vision and hearing (smelling too) and our near senses touch and taste. Vision plays a special role in the way it simulta- ously tells us "where" and "what" in a direct way. It is therefore an accepted factthatto developautonomousrobots,humanoidornot,itisessentialto- clude competent systems for visual perception. Such systems should embody techniques from the ?eld of computer vision, in which sophisticated com- tational methods for extracting information from visual imagery have been developed over a number of decades. However, complete systems incorpor- ing such advanced techniques, while meeting the requirements of real-time processing and adaptivity to the complexity that even our everyday envir- ment displays, are scarce. The present volume takes an important step for ?lling this gap by presenting methods and a system for visual perception for a humanoid robot with speci?c applications to manipulation tasks and to how the robot can learn by imitating the human.

The importance and ramifications of saints, sainthood and pilgrimage in contemporary Iran and neighbouring countries are great, yet the academic conceptualizations of them and their entailments are sorely lacking. This book places the saints and their pilgrims in sharper focus, and offers important correctives to all-too-common Western misunderstandings, the foremost of which is the erroneous portrayal of Islam as primarily a body of legal doctrine and corresponding practice, and the associated principle that we can 'know' Islam if we 'know' Islamic law. In an effort to challenge such a limited, and limiting, perspective, this volume suggests that both anthropology, insofar as it can focus on experience and practice, and history, insofar as it can encompass more than an institutional/political 'names and dates' discourse, can reveal something of the dynamism of the faith, as more than the sum of its laws. The approaches demonstrated in this book on Shiite Pilgrimage offer windows into the beliefs and lives of 'ordinary' people, past and present, and thereby bring forth agendas akin to those of 'subaltern studies'. Finally, the memorializing documented in these chapters provides evidence, past and present, of widespread desires for a more concrete, even immanent, relationship that is direct, unmediated and, at least partly, involves forms of intercession - even though such desires for immanence in the Islamic world have previously been considered as limited to devotees of the Sufi saints or the Shi'i Imams or their progeny.

Low Power Design Methodologies presents the first in-depth coverage of all the layers of the design hierarchy, ranging from the technology, circuit, logic and architectural levels, up to the system layer. The book gives insight into the mechanisms of power dissipation in digital circuits and presents state of the art approaches to power reduction. Finally, it introduces a global view of low power design methodologies and how these are being captured in the latest design automation environments. The individual chapters are written by the leading researchers in the area, drawn from both industry and academia. Extensive references are included at the end of each chapter. Audience: A broad introduction for anyone interested in low power design. Can also be used as a text book for an advanced graduate class. A starting point for any aspiring researcher.

Critics and academics have generally dismissed the commercial productions of the late Pahlavi era, best known for their songs and melodramatic plots, as shallow, derivative 'entertainment'. Instead, they have concentrated on the more recent internationally acclaimed art films, claiming that these constitute Iranian 'national' cinema, despite few Iranians having seen them. Film discourse, and even fan talk, have long attempted to marginalize the mainstream releases of the 1960s and 1970s with the moniker filmfarsi, ironically asserting that such popular favorites were culturally inauthentic. This book challenges the idea that filmfarsi is detached from the past and present of Iranians. Far from being escapist Hollywood fare merely translated into Persian, it claims that the better films of this supposed genre must be taken as both a subject of, and source for, modern Iranian history. It argues that they have an appeal that relies on their ability to rearticulate traditional courtly and religious ideas and forms to problematize in unexpectedly complex and sophisticated ways the modernist agenda that secular nationalist elites wished to impose on their viewers. Taken seriously, these films raise questions about standard treatments of Iran's modern history. By writing popular films into Iranian history, this book advocates both a fresh approach to the study of Iranian cinema, as well as a rethinking of the modernity/tradition binary that has organized the historiography of the recent past. It will appeal to those interested in Iranian cinema, Iranian history and culture, and, more broadly, readers dissatisfied with a dichotomous approach to modernity.

Today, almost a generation has passed since the Iran-Iraq war and the memory of it is set to diminish with each passing generation. The following questions emerge. Can we say that the gradual disappearance of war's memory means that, increasingly, Iranians will see the Iran-Iraq war solely as an historical event? How can we defend or reject this idea? Today, with which elements and values should we look at the Iran-Iraq war memorials and ceremonies? To what extent will war museums and materials culture be influenced by these new values? In the period during and immediately after the Iran-Iraq war (1980-88), national bereavement and commemoration of martyrs was neither apparent in common state policy nor a social need. Even at the turn of the 21st century, anyone walking through Iranian cities, many of which had been the main scene of the bloody massacre and direct targets of the Iraqi Republican Guard, will have found traces of the terrible, almost unimaginable, human losses. However, today's Iranians can see modern war memorials and monuments in many parts of the urban and rural landscape. Yet, at the same time, the changing landscape has separated Iranians from such remnants of the violence. It can be argued that many people, in their wish to look forward to a more hopeful future, do not wish to be reminded of this period in Iranian history. This book was originally published as a special issue of Visual Anthropology.

Saudi Arabia and Iran have established themselves as the two regional heavyweights in one of the world's most tumultuous but critically significant regions. The two countries compete on many fronts, including regional politics, oil prices, and for leadership of the Islamic world, a competition with undeniable repercussions for the Greater Middle East and for the world. Some observers have gone so far as to claim that virtually everything that happens in this area of the world can be viewed as part of the Saudi-Iranian power struggle. With increasing importance of the region as the dominant supplier of world energy and the birthplace of Islamic militant groups, the consequences of not understanding Saudi-Iranian rivalry in the region have never been more serious. A range of internal and external explanatory factors explains the ups and downs of Saudi-Iranian relations since the 1990s. This book captures this complexity by drawing on multicausal explanations through multiple levels of interdisciplinary analysis. This is the first book on the subject that is co-authored by one author from Saudi Arabia and one from Iran. This collaboration allowed the authors to make the best use of Persian and Arabic sources, generating a locally meaningful account of the two countries' relationship. As Iranian and Saudi nationals, they encountered less difficulty in gaining access to research participants, building rapport and conducting interviews with Iranian and Saudi scholars and informants.

Today, almost a generation has passed since the Iran Iraq war and the memory of it is set to diminish with each passing generation. The following questions emerge. Can we say that the gradual disappearance of war s memory means that, increasingly, Iranians will see the Iran Iraq war solely as an historical event? How can we defend or reject this idea? Today, with which elements and values should we look at the Iran Iraq war memorials and ceremonies? To what extent will war museums and materials culture be influenced by these new values?

In the period during and immediately after the Iran Iraq war (1980-88), national bereavement and commemoration of martyrs was neither apparent in common state policy nor a social need. Even at the turn of the 21st century, anyone walking through Iranian cities, many of which had been the main scene of the bloody massacre and direct targets of the Iraqi Republican Guard, will have found traces of the terrible, almost unimaginable, human losses.

However, today s Iranians can see modern war memorials and monuments in many parts of the urban and rural landscape. Yet, at the same time, the changing landscape has separated Iranians from such remnants of the violence. It can be argued that many people, in their wish to look forward to a more hopeful future, do not wish to be reminded of this period in Iranian history.

This book was originally published as a special issue of Visual Anthropology."

Today's financial sector faces multiple challenges stemming from ecological, societal, and technological risks such as climate change, political extremism, and cyber-attacks. However, these non-traditional risks are yet to be fully identified and measured, in order to ensure their successful management. This edited collection sheds light on the topic by examining the unique measurement and modelling challenges associated with each of these risks, and their interaction with finance. Offering a comprehensive analysis of non-traditional finance risks, the authors provide the basis for developing appropriate risk management techniques. With new approaches to protect against emerging threats to the financial sector, this edited collection will appeal to academics researching sustainability, development finance, and risk management, as well as policy-makers and practitioners within the banking sector.

Power Aware Design Methodologies was conceived as an effort to bring all aspects of power-aware design methodologies together in a single document. It covers several layers of the design hierarchy from technology, circuit logic, and architectural levels up to the system layer. It includes discussion of techniques and methodologies for improving the power efficiency of CMOS circuits (digital and analog), systems on chip, microelectronic systems, wirelessly networked systems of computational nodes and so on. In addition to providing an in-depth analysis of the sources of power dissipation in VLSI circuits and systems and the technology and design trends, this book provides a myriad of state-of-the-art approaches to power optimization and control. The different chapters of Power Aware Design Methodologies have been written by leading researchers and experts in their respective areas. Contributions are from both academia and industry. The contributors have reported the various technologies, methodologies, and techniques in such a way that they are understandable and useful.

Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs presents a systematic and comprehensive treatment of power modeling and optimization at the logic level. More precisely, this book provides a detailed presentation of methodologies, algorithms and CAD tools for power modeling, estimation and analysis, synthesis and optimization at the logic level. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs contains detailed descriptions of technology-dependent logic transformations and optimizations, technology decomposition and mapping, and post-mapping structural optimization techniques for low power. It also emphasizes the trade-off techniques for two-level and multi-level logic circuits that involve power dissipation and circuit speed, in the hope that the readers can better understand the issues and ways of achieving their power dissipation goal while meeting the timing constraints. Logic Synthesis for Low Power VLSI Designs is written for VLSI design engineers, CAD professionals, and students who have had a basic knowledge of CMOS digital design and logic synthesis.

In recent yearswe haveseen considerableadvances in the development of - manoid robots, that is robots with an anthropomorphic design. Such robots should be capable of autonomously performing tasks for their human users in changing environments by adapting to these and to the circumstances at hand. To do so, they as well as any kind of autonomous robot need to have some way of understanding the world around them. We humans do so by our senses, both our far senses vision and hearing (smelling too) and our near senses touch and taste. Vision plays a special role in the way it simulta- ously tells us "where" and "what" in a direct way. It is therefore an accepted factthatto developautonomousrobots,humanoidornot,itisessentialto- clude competent systems for visual perception. Such systems should embody techniques from the ?eld of computer vision, in which sophisticated com- tational methods for extracting information from visual imagery have been developed over a number of decades. However, complete systems incorpor- ing such advanced techniques, while meeting the requirements of real-time processing and adaptivity to the complexity that even our everyday envir- ment displays, are scarce. The present volume takes an important step for ?lling this gap by presenting methods and a system for visual perception for a humanoid robot with speci?c applications to manipulation tasks and to how the robot can learn by imitating the human.

Integrated circuit densities and operating speeds continue to rise at an exponential rate. Chips, however, cannot get larger and faster without a sharp decrease in power consumption beyond the current levels. Minimization of power consumption in VLSI chips has thus become an important design objective. In fact, with the explosive growth in demand for portable electronics and the usual push toward more complex functionality and higher performance, power consumption has in many cases become the limiting factor in satisfying the market demand. A new generation of power-conscious CAD tools are coming onto the market to help designers estimate, optimize and verify power consumption levels at most stages of the IC design process. These tools are especially prevalent at the register-transfer level and below. There is a great need for similar tools and capabilities at the behavioral and system levels of the design process. Many researchers and CAD tool developers are working on high-level power modeling and estimation, as well as power-constrained high-level synthesis and optimization. Techniques and tools alone are, however, insufficient to optimize VLSI circuit power dissipation - a consistent and convergent design methodology is also required. Power Optimization and Synthesis at Behavioral and System Levels Using Formal Methods was written to address some of the key problems in power analysis and optimization early in the design process. In particular, this book focuses on power macro-modeling based on regression analysis and power minimization through behavioral transformations, scheduling, resource assignment and hardware/software partitioning and mapping. What differentiates this book from other published work on the subject is the mathematical basis and formalism behind the algorithms and the optimality of these algorithms subject to the stated assumptions. From the Foreword: `This book makes an important contribution to the field of system design technologies by presenting a set of algorithms with guaranteed optimality properties, that can be readily applied to system-level design. This contribution is timely, because it fills the need of new methods for a new design tool generation, which supports the design of electronic systems with even more demanding requirements'. Giovanni De Micheli, Professor, Stanford University

Both practitioners and scholars agree that organizations that are ready to cope with crisis should be better able to manage it than organizations which are not prepared. As, due to their company characteristics, family businesses are exposed to additional causes of crisis beyond the usual causes all companies face, preparing for crisis is of specific importance to them.Based on empirical investigations, Pedram Faghfouri shows that non-family businesses are more likely to prepare for crisis when compared to family businesses. The author's findings let further suggest that the existence of a supervisory board has a positive effect on the degree of crisis readiness of a family business. Moreover, in family businesses with supervisory boards, the involvement of family members in the top management team seems to have a negative effect on the degree of crisis readiness."

From user-generated images of streets to professional architectural renderings, and from digital maps and drone footages to representations of invisible digital ecologies, this collection of essays analyses the emergent practices of visualizing the street. Today, advancements in digital technologies of the image have given rise to the production and dissemination of imagery of streets and urban realities in multiple forms. The ubiquitous presence of digital visualizations has in turn created new forms of urban practice and modes of spatial encounter. Everyone who carries a smartphone not only plays an increasingly significant role in the production, editing and circulation of images of the street, but also relies on those images to experience urban worlds and to navigate in them. Such entangled forms of image-making and image-sharing have constructed new imaginaries of the street and have had a significant impact on the ways in which contemporary and future streets are understood, imagined, documented, navigated, mediated and visualized. Visualizing the Street investigates the social and cultural significance of these new developments at the intersection of visual culture and urban space. The interdisciplinary essays provide new concepts, theories and research methods that combine close analyses of street images and imaginaries with the study of the practices of their production and circulation. The book covers a wide range of visible and invisible geographies - From Hong Kong's streets to Rio's favelas, from Sydney's suburbs to London's street markets, and from Damascus' war-torn streets to Istanbul's sidewalks - and engages with multiple ways in which visualizations of the street function to document street protests and urban change, to build imaginaries of urban communities and alternate worlds, and to help navigate streetscapes.