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These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of
Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and
controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social
direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively
and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their
provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science
converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed
theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no
longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in
an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of
'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific
autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of
further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for
socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes.
This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social
directing of science, under certain specific conditions.
Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an
approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and
untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance
and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for
particularistic social and political interests.
These essays on Finalization in Science - The Social Orientation of
Scientific Progress comprise a remarkable, problematic and
controversial book. The authors propose a thesis about the social
direction of scientific research which was the occasion of a lively
and often bitter debate in Germany from 1976 to 1982. Their
provocative thesis, briefly, is this: that modern science
converges, historically, to the development of a number of 'closed
theories', i. e. stable and relatively completed sciences, no
longer to be improved by small changes but only by major changes in
an entire theoretical structure. Further: that at such a stage of
'mature theory', the formerly viable norm of intra-scientific
autonomy may appropriately be replaced by the social direction' of
further scientific research (within such a 'mature' field) for
socially relevant or, we may bluntly say, 'task-oriented' purposes.
This is nothing less than a theory for the planning and social
directing of science, under certain specific conditions.
Understandably, it raised the sharp objections that such an
approach would subordinate scientific inquiry as a free and
untrammeled search for truth to the dictates of social relevance
and dominant interests, even possibly to dictation and control for
particularistic social and political interests.
Investigating the issue of employee representation in multinational
companies (MNCs), this book sets out to systematically
conceptualise the modes of articulation between different action
fields. While previous studies have focused on forms of employee
representation that have emerged throughout recent decades, rather
little is known about the interaction and coordination of
representational bodies and actors, such as trade unions and
European or World Works Councils. Given the growing importance of
transnational restructuring in MNCs, understanding the conditions
under which employees are able to participate in company
decision-making is a crucial issue. Based on empirical case studies
and interviews with employee representatives from ten countries
across Europe, the authors investigate the role of representational
bodies in periods of company restructuring. Proposing a shift in
perspectives in research on transnational labour relations and
bringing new insights into structures and practices of employee
representation in MNCs, this book will be a valuable read for both
scholars and practitioners.
Investigating the issue of employee representation in multinational
companies (MNCs), this book sets out to systematically
conceptualise the modes of articulation between different action
fields. While previous studies have focused on forms of employee
representation that have emerged throughout recent decades, rather
little is known about the interaction and coordination of
representational bodies and actors, such as trade unions and
European or World Works Councils. Given the growing importance of
transnational restructuring in MNCs, understanding the conditions
under which employees are able to participate in company
decision-making is a crucial issue. Based on empirical case studies
and interviews with employee representatives from ten countries
across Europe, the authors investigate the role of representational
bodies in periods of company restructuring. Proposing a shift in
perspectives in research on transnational labour relations and
bringing new insights into structures and practices of employee
representation in MNCs, this book will be a valuable read for both
scholars and practitioners.
Recent trends in Marxist economic theory have sponsored the methods
of modern logic and mathematics. In doing so, they have displaced
not only the relatively philosophical style of reflection found in
Capital but also certain key problems addressed there by Marx.
Ulrich Krause breaks new ground by applying mathematical techniques
in an analysis of labor, money and exchange. Rejecting the notion
of "homogeneous labor" as a basis of value theory, Krause develops
his own understanding of the Marxist concept of "abstract labor,"
which he then integrates with an analysis of money in the process
of commodity exchange. His book concludes with a new discussion of
Marx's theory of value and surplus-value. Money & Abstract
Labour is a major intervention in one of the most vigorously
contested areas of contemporary economic theory.
This book focuses on the way in which people were treated by the
police and military guards in nineteenth-century Prussia, in the
general context of Prussian bureaucratic development. It shows how
the daily routine of officialdom supported and promoted an image of
the police state, which placed the emphasis on violent methods in
dealing with the 'subjects' of those in authority. The main
argument of the book discusses the methods and standards of
everyday policing and the consequential creation of a classe
dangereuse. The author also shows how military routines were
adopted by civilian officials and policemen. Thus by the middle of
the century a military type of policing had become widespread and
generally unquestioned by high-ranking officials or ministers. The
book therefore offers an understanding of the repressive side of
the Prussian and German state since the middle of the nineteenth
century.
This book examines the role that European employee representatives
play in the restructuring of firms. In a globalized economy,
company internationalization and transnational restructuring are of
growing concern for employees and trade unions. In the European
Union, the still rather new institution of European works councils
provides basic rights for employees. Using examples of eight large
automotive manufacturers like Volkswagen, GM or Toyota, the volume
analyzes the internationalization strategies of the companies and
the effects of European works councils, pointing to a high degree
of variation in strategies and effectiveness of cross-border
employee representation.
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