This study examines the use of prefabricated language (conventional lexical collocations) in the production of native and non-native writers of English. It first develops a framework for the description of restricted collocations and then reviews experimental research into the psycholinguistic processing of prefabricated language. Computer-based corpora of native and advanced non-native academic writing are analysed to discover to what extent and how such collocations are used in formal written English. Pedagogical implications are then considered, and the final part of the study examines the selection and presentation of restricted collocations in general and phraseological dictionaries for learners. The conclusion suggests that advanced learners need specialist collocational dictionaries, and the results of this research help to establish principles for the design of such dictionaries.

The aim of the atlas is to provide images of taphonomic modifications, making it as comprehensive as possible with evidence presently available. This volume is intended both as a field guide for identifying taphonomic modifications in the field, and for use in the laboratory when collections of fossils are being analyzed. Images in the book are a combination of scanning electron micrographs, regular photographs, cross-sections of bones and line drawings and graphs. By providing good quality illustrations of taphonomic modifications, with links between similar types of modification, the atlas provides a reference source for identifying the agents responsible for the modifications, the processes by which they were formed, and the potential bias introduced by the processes. The authors also aim to emphasize on the directions they consider taphonomic studies should be headed. Firstly, we should seek to quantify the degree of bias introduced into a fossil fauna and to take account of this bias before interpreting the palaeoecology of the fossil site. Secondly, we should recognize that taphonomic modifications increase the information encoded in fossils by identifying perimortem and postmortem contexts. This provides a more dynamic and realistic view of the past.

This edited volume describes the geology, stratigraphy, anthropology, archaeology, dating, taphonomy, paleobotany, paleontology and paleoecology of Azokh caves (also known as Azykh or Azikh). The chapters review exhaustively the key recent research on this limestone karstic site, which is located near the village of the same name in the region of Nagorno Karabagh in the south-eastern end of the Lesser Caucasus. The site is significant due to its geographic location at an important migratory crossroad between Africa and Eurasia. These caves contain an almost complete sedimentary sequence of the transition between H.heidelbergensis and H. neanderthalensis continuing to later Pleistocene and Holocene stratified sediment. The site is also important due to the discovery of Neanderthal remains by the current research group in addition to the Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils during a previous phase of excavation work led by M. Huseinov. At the heart of this book is the matter of how this site relates to human evolution.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of two workshops held at the 19th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2016, in Athens, Greece, in October 2016: the First Workshop on Large-Scale Annotation of Biomedical Data and Expert Label Synthesis, LABELS 2016, and the Second International Workshop on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis, DLMIA 2016. The 28 revised regular papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 52 submissions. The 7 papers selected for LABELS deal with topics from the following fields: crowd-sourcing methods; active learning; transfer learning; semi-supervised learning; and modeling of label uncertainty.The 21 papers selected for DLMIA span a wide range of topics such as image description; medical imaging-based diagnosis; medical signal-based diagnosis; medical image reconstruction and model selection using deep learning techniques; meta-heuristic techniques for fine-tuning parameter in deep learning-based architectures; and applications based on deep learning techniques.

Exploring the lives and achievements of 36 extraordinary individuals from across 18 nations and every continent, this books champions innovators: the disruptive individuals whose heroic visions and indomitable spirits are redefining the economic and social structure of our world.

The fragmentary fossil record of primates and hominids has generated fundamental, and often well publicised, differences of opinion about their evolution. The objective of this book, based upon a joint symposium of the Anatomical Society and Primate Society of Great Britain, is to present a review of the major problem areas, emphasising both neontology and palaeontology and aimed specifically to meet the requirements of students. For some issues, leading proponents of 'rival' schools present their viewpoint; for others, distinguished contributors have reviewed a particularly important or controversial problem, presenting non-partisan objective analysis. By including papers that adopt contrasting opinions towards the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships and by incorporating the interpretations of the fossil evidence, this volume provides a valuable synthesis of the thinking about primate and human palaeontology.

Plasma Physics is an authoritative and wide-ranging pedagogic study of the "fourth" state of matter. The constituents of the plasma state are influenced by electric and magnetic fields, and in turn also produce electric and magnetic fields. This fact leads to a rich array of properties of plasma described in this text. The author uses examples throughout, many taken from astrophysical phenomena, to explain concepts. In addition, problem sets at the end of each chapter will serve to reinforce key points. A basic knowledge of mathematics and physics is preferable to fully appreciate this text. This book provides the ideal introduction to this complex and fascinating field of research, balancing theoretical aspects with practical and preparing the graduate student for further study.

The "Collected Poems of Philip Lamantia" represents the lifework of the most visionary poet of the American postwar generation. Philip Lamantia (1927-2005) played a major role in shaping the poetics of both the Beat and the Surrealist movements in the United States. First mentored by the San Francisco poet Kenneth Rexroth, the teenage Lamantia also came to the attention of the French Surrealist leader Andre Breton, who, after reading Lamantia's youthful work, hailed him as a "voice that rises once in a hundred years." Later, Lamantia went "on the road" with Jack Kerouac and shared the stage with Allen Ginsberg at the famous Six Gallery reading in San Francisco, where Ginsburg first read "Howl." Throughout his life, Lamantia sought to extend and renew the visionary tradition of Romanticism in a distinctly American vernacular, drawing on mystical lore and drug experience in the process. The "Collected Poems" gathers not only his published work but also an extensive selection of unpublished or uncollected work; the editors have also provided a biographical introduction.

Everyone knows how rude and grumpy bears can be if they don't get enough sleep! When a bad-tempered bear trips over a tiny turtle, no-one can foresee the consequence. When Turtle challenges Bear to a race along the lakeshore, Bear is confident about the outcome. But Turtle is smarter than Bear can imagine... Celebrated writer and story-teller Andrew Fusek Peters brings out all the comedy and ingenuity of this traditional Native American trickster tale. Complete with Audio CD.

Our closest living relatives are the chimpanzee and bonobo. We share many characteristics with them, but our lineages diverged millions of years ago. Who in fact was our last common ancestor? Bringing together ecology, evolution, genetics, anatomy and geology, this book provides a new perspective on human evolution. What can fossil apes tell us about the origins of human evolution? Did the last common ancestor of apes and humans live in trees or on the ground? What did it eat, and how did it survive in a world full of large predators? Did it look anything like living apes? Andrews addresses these questions and more to reconstruct the common ancestor and its habitat. Synthesising thirty-five years of work on both ancient environments and fossil and modern ape anatomy, this book provides unique new insights into the evolutionary processes that led to the origins of the human lineage.

The Collected Poems of Philip Lamantia represents the lifework of the most visionary poet of the American postwar generation. Philip Lamantia (1927-2005) played a major role in shaping the poetics of both the Beat and the Surrealist movements in the United States. First mentored by the San Francisco poet Kenneth Rexroth, the teenage Lamantia also came to the attention of the French Surrealist leader Andre Breton, who, after reading Lamantia's youthful work, hailed him as a "voice that rises once in a hundred years." Later, Lamantia went "on the road" with Jack Kerouac and shared the stage with Allen Ginsberg at the famous Six Gallery reading in San Francisco, where Ginsburg first read "Howl." Throughout his life, Lamantia sought to extend and renew the visionary tradition of Romanticism in a distinctly American vernacular, drawing on mystical lore and drug experience in the process. The Collected Poems gathers not only his published work but also an extensive selection of unpublished or uncollected work; the editors have also provided a biographical introduction.

A detailed memoir of a highly traumatic time where a fight for life was taken on by an observant and caring family, a professional hospital team and the patient himself. This story starts with a dramatic awakening in a hospital bed with, initially no clear idea of the reason for being there and no concept of how long those around have already been engaged with the fight already to save his life. The book describes the horror and confusion of hallucinations and the intrusions, pain and discomfort of treatments and procedures which are required to be undertaken through a lengthy and uncertain hospital stay. We follow the patient beyond the acute stage with his continued efforts to regain an as near to normal a life as possible. The writing is presented from the first-hand perspective of the patient prior to their hospital discharge, through Outpatient visits post-discharge and on into the longer phase of gradual recovery and readjustment and in being back in their village community. The extracts from the medical notes and journals written at the time give true to life insights into those times. The book shows great respect, admiration and gratitude to the those who helped the author through their illness and recovery, while seeming to underplay the strength and fortitude the author must have had to come through their life-changing illness with bravery and fortitude.