Code-switching, the alternating use of two or more languages within conversation, has become an increasingly topical field of research. This volume brings together contributions from a wide variety of sociolinguistic settings in which this phenomenon of "conversational code-switching" is observed. It addresses the structure, function and ideological value of such bilingual behaviour. The contributors question many views of code-switching on the empirical basis of many European and non-European contexts. By bringing together linguistic, anthropological and socio-psychological research, they aim to move towards a more realistic conception of bilingual conversational action. The international contributors include: Mark Sebba, Li Wei, Melissa Moyer, Yael Mashler, Ben Rampton and Jan Blommaert. This text should be of interest to students of bilingualism, sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics.

Code Switching, the alternating use of two or more languages ation, has become an increasingly topical and important field of research.
Now available in paperback, Code-Switching in Conversation brings together contributions from a wide variety of sociolinguistics settings in which the phenomenon is observed. It addresses not only the structure and the function, but also the ideological values of such bilingual behaviour. The contributors question many views of code switching on the empirical basis of many European and non European contexts. By bringing together linguistics, anthropological and socio-psychological research, they move towards a more realistic conception of bilingual conversation action.

Related link: http://www.udc.es/dep/lx/cac/c-s/

This book, situated within the framework of Comparative Interactional Linguistics, explores a family of fourteen discourse markers across the languages of Europe and beyond (Yiddish, Hebrew, Russian, Polish, Romani, Estonian, Finnish, Upper Saxonian and Standard German, Dutch, Icelandic, and Swedish), arguing that they go back to one, possibly two, particles: NU/NA. Each chapter analyzes the use of one of the NU/NA family members in a particular language, usually on the basis of conversational data, feeding into a comprehensive chapter on the structure, function, and history of these particles. The approach taken in this volume broadens the functional linguistic concept of 'structure' to include the sequential positioning of the particles and their composition, and the concept of 'function' to include the conversational actions performed in interaction. Employing conversation analytic methodology thus enables a study of the ways these particles acquire meaning within certain sequential and action environments -- both cross-linguistically and with regard to the grammaticization of the particles. All this sheds light on the borrowing patterns of NU/NA across the languages. With contributions by Peter Auer, Galina B. Bolden, Gonen Dori-Hacohen, Andrea Golato, Harrie Mazeland, Auli Hakulinen, Helga Hilmisdottir, Leelo Keevallik, Hanna Lehti-Eklund, Anna Lindstroem, Yael Maschler, Yaron Matras, Gertrud Reershemius, Mirja Saari, Lea Sawicki, Marja-Leena Sorjonen, Heidi Vepsalainen and Matylda Weidner.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory, ALT 2014, held in Bled, Slovenia, in October 2014, and co-located with the 17th International Conference on Discovery Science, DS 2014. The 21 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. In addition the book contains 4 full papers summarizing the invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections named: inductive inference; exact learning from queries; reinforcement learning; online learning and learning with bandit information; statistical learning theory; privacy, clustering, MDL, and Kolmogorov complexity.

This volume embarks on an exploration of the processual and dynamic character of grammatical constructions in emergence, both from an 'emergent' and an 'emerging' perspective. 'Emerging' constructions develop out of their discourse contexts. Talking of emerging constructions is compatible with a view of grammar as a stable system of rules and structures which may 'emerge' (i.e., come into existence) out of a pool of previously unordered elements. 'Emergent' constructions on the contrary are due to the on-line production of grammar in time. The term 'emergent' emphasises the fact that a grammatical structure is always temporary and ephemeral. In both senses, grammar is modelled as a highly adaptive resource for interaction. On the basis of empirical studies on spoken English, German, Hebrew, Swedish and French, the volume addresses the following questions: How can what initially appears to be construction x end up being construction y in on-line syntax? What are the local interactional needs which such processes respond to in the process of their emergence? Does the on-line (re-)modelling of a construction concern its syntactic or semantic side - or both? And finally: Should emergent grammatical structures as they unfold in real time be seen as stages in the emerging of grammar?

This volume presents an interactional perspective on linguistic variability that takes into account the construction of social identities through the formation of social communicative styles. It shows that style is a useful category in bridging the gap between single parameter variation and social identity. Social positioning, i.e., finding one's place in society, is one of its motivating forces. Various aspects of the expression of stylistic features are focused on, from language choice and linguistic variation in a narrow sense to practices of social categorization, pragmatics patterns, preferences for specific communicative genres, rhetorical practices including prosodic features, and aesthetic choices and preferences for specific forms of taste (looks, clothes, music, etc.). These various features of expression are connected to multimodal stylistic indices through talk; thus, styles emerge from discourse. Styles are adapted to changing contexts, and develop in the course of social processes. The analytical perspective chosen proposes an alternative to current approaches to variability under the influence of the so-called variationist paradigm.

Why do languages allow us to say 'the same thing' in so many different ways? One of the answers is that in saying what we want to say, we always position ourselves in social space as well, by speaking differently from relevant other social actors or groups. This volume explores how variability in language is exploited (and maintained) in order to perform this social identity work in interaction. It shows that variable features cluster together in socially meaningful ways when considered as social (communicative) styles linked to social identities.

This volume is an up-to-date, concise introduction to bilingualism and multilingualism in schools, in the workplace, and in international institutions in a globalized world. The authors use a problem-solving approach and ask broad questions about bilingualism and multilingualism in society, including the question of language acquisition versus maintenance of bilingualism. Key features: provides a state-of-the-art description of different areas in the context of multilingualism and multilingual communication presents a critical appraisal of the relevance of the field, offers solutions of everyday language-related problems international handbook with contributions from renown experts in the field

This volume contains papers presented at the Eighteenth Annual Conference on Learning Theory (previously known as the Conference on Computational Learning Theory) held in Bertinoro, Italy from June 27 to 30, 2005. The technical program contained 45 papers selected from 120 submissions, 3 open problems selected from among 5 contributed, and 2 invited lectures. The invited lectures were given by Sergiu Hart on "Uncoupled Dynamics and Nash Equilibrium", and by Satinder Singh on "Rethinking State, Action, and Reward in Reinforcement Learning". These papers were not included in this volume. The Mark Fulk Award is presented annually for the best paper co-authored by a student. The student selected this year was Hadi Salmasian for the paper titled "The Spectral Method for General Mixture Models" co-authored with Ravindran Kannan and Santosh Vempala. The number of papers submitted to COLT this year was exceptionally high. In addition to the classical COLT topics, we found an increase in the number of submissions related to novel classi?cation scenarios such as ranking. This - crease re?ects a healthy shift towards more structured classi?cation problems, which are becoming increasingly relevant to practitioners.

Using Hamburg as an example, this book shows that the Turkish language is well-established today in Germany's large cities and has become an integral part of everyday communication - not only for citizens of Turkish decent. In fact, teenagers and young adults of German and other heritages are learning Turkish fragmentarily or completely and using it in everyday life. The book examines the process of and social-symbolic motivation for learning Turkish, the structure of the Turkish being acquired, as well as its application in conversation.

This volume is an up-to-date, concise introduction to bilingualism and multilingualism in schools, in the workplace, and in international institutions in a globalized world. The authors use a problem-solving approach and ask broad questions about bilingualism and multilingualism in society, including the question of language acquisition versus maintenance of bilingualism. Key features: provides a state-of-the-art description of different areas in the context of multilingualism and multilingual communication presents a critical appraisal of the relevance of the field, offers solutions for everyday language-related problems international handbook with contributions from renowned experts in the field

Das Phanomen Sprache und seine aktuelle Erforschung. Sprachwissenschaft umfasst mehr als nur Grundlegendes wie Laute, Woerter und Satze. Daher greift das Lehrbuch uber die grammatischen Disziplinen hinaus zahlreiche Themen auf, die das Interesse fur das Fach Linguistik wecken: sprachliche Interaktion, Variation und Wandel, Sprachkontakt und Mehrsprachigkeit, Sprache und Kultur, Ursprung der Sprache u. a. Das grosse Format und das zweifarbige Layout erleichtern den UEberblick. Umfassend und kompakt ideal fur BA-Studierende.

This volume introduces students to the subject matter, methods and findings of conversation analysis. One of the main focal points of applied linguistics, conversation analysis deals with all situations of every-day communication (e.g. doctor-patient, lawyer-client, buyer-vendor etc.). The Introduction to Conversation Analysis provides a basis for all BA-/MA study programmes in which the methods of conversation analysis have a role to play, e.g. linguistics, sociology, psychology, communication science, ethnology and anthropology. Written by leading German philologists from the field of linguistic conversation and interaction analysis at the cutting edge of current research clear, comprehensible and concise replaces the successful introduction by Henne/Rehbock (Sammlung GAschen, 1982, 4th edition 2001)

Proceeding from 22 authorsand 22 different concepts, the book provides an overview of the essential present-day knowledge of the analysis of linguistic interaction. The authors selected include not only linguists, but also major sociologists, culturalscientists, and language philosophers, as well as some recent authors of rank.

Dialects are constantly changing, and due to increased mobility in more recent years, European dialects have 'levelled', making it difficult to distinguish a native of Reading from a native of London, or a native of Bonn from a native of Cologne. This comprehensive study brings together a team of leading scholars to explore all aspects of recent dialect change, in particular dialect convergence and divergence. Drawing on examples from a wide range of European countries - as well as areas where European languages have been transplanted - they examine a range of issues relating to dialect contact and isolation, and show how sociolinguistic conditions differ hugely between and within European countries. Each specially commissioned chapter is based on original research, giving an overview of work on that particular area and presenting case studies to illustrate the issues discussed. Dialect Change will be welcomed by all those interested in sociolinguistics, dialectology, the relevance of language variation to formal linguistic theories, and European languages.

This collection of articles deals with phonetic and phonological aspects of the prosodic concepts 'syllable cut' and 'tonal accent'. Syllable cut refers to the way in which a vowel is modified ('cut') by the consonant following it. As such, the concept of syllable cut is a prosodic approach representing a viable alternative to more segmentally defined concepts like vowel quantity or quality. Tonal accents establish lexical/phonological contrasts at word level with the help of contrasting intonation curves. The volume presents new findings on syllable cut and tonal accents from the following research fields: historical phonology and graphemics, dialectology, auto-segmental phonology, acoustical phonetics, language typology.

In the linguistic research on the Wende undertaken so far, phenomena like vocabulary change and political language usage have been in the forefront of interest. This has involved a high degree of neglect for broad areas of everyday and spoken language and their socio-cultural moorings. The present volume sees itself as an empirical contribution to rectifying that situation. There are three main subjects: >EastWest

The authors here promote the reintroduction of temporality into the description and analysis of spoken interaction. They argue that spoken words are, in fact, temporal objects and that unless linguists consider how they are delivered within the context of time, they will not capture the full meaning of situated language use. Their approach is rigorously empirical, with analyses of English, German, and Italian rhythm, all grounded in sequences of actual talk-in-interaction.

Dialects are constantly changing, and due to increased mobility in more recent years, European dialects have 'levelled', making it difficult to distinguish a native of Reading from a native of London, or a native of Bonn from a native of Cologne. This comprehensive study brings together a team of leading scholars to explore all aspects of recent dialect change, in particular dialect convergence and divergence. Drawing on examples from a wide range of European countries - as well as areas where European languages have been transplanted - they examine a range of issues relating to dialect contact and isolation, and show how sociolinguistic conditions differ hugely between and within European countries. Each specially commissioned chapter is based on original research, giving an overview of work on that particular area and presenting case studies to illustrate the issues discussed. Dialect Change will be welcomed by all those interested in sociolinguistics, dialectology, the relevance of language variation to formal linguistic theories, and European languages.