The Nordic tax systems have recently undergone dramatic changes. Tax bases have been broadened, marginal tax rates have been cut, and the Nordic countries have abandoned the traditional income tax in favour of a 'dual' income tax combining progressive taxation of labour income with a low flat tax rate on capital income. Nordic governments have also experimented with new innovative methods of taxing business income. This book evaluates the Nordic tax reforms in the light of recent advances in the theory of taxation.

This non-technical volume analyses topical problems of public finance in a changing world characterized by growing mobility of production factors, liberalized economic policy regimes, and the formation of new nations. It discusses alternative views of government and the way we measure its activities; the modern welfare state and its impact on entrepreneurship and employment; issues of fiscal coordination and income redistribution in a world with many jurisdictions; and the problems of raising government revenue and of allocating property rights in transition economies.

A privileged British education inspires an obsession with spanking and kink "Maid Service" is "Risky Business" meets "Austin Powers" On a lifetime's journey from curious pervert to qualified pimp, the path is paved with spanks

Introducing Advanced Macroeconomics covers a rich variety of topics in growth and real business cycles and uses. Beginning with an examination of macroeconomics for the long run before considering the economy in the short run, the third edition continues to help intermediate-level students develop their understanding and technical skills so that they can become comfortable with more advanced macroeconomics material and tools. Recognizing mathematics to be a common area of vulnerability, the authors carefully explain all derivations. They also concentrate on the cornerstone models to ensure students can form a deep comprehension of how to apply and examine them. Discussion is motivated by empirical data throughout, demonstrating how real life and theory are connected, and encouraging readers to dissect model predictions and the policy issues they relate to. Guided exercises at the end of every chapter help students to build their confidence as they tackle more challenging material. Digital formats and resources The third edition is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources. - The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks - This book is accompanied by online resources featuring datasets to support end-of-chapter exercises, instructions on how to perform Hodrick-Prescot filtering in Excel, and solutions to the in-chapter exercises for lecturers.

The Nordic tax systems have recently undergone dramatic changes. Tax bases have been broadened, marginal tax rates have been cut, and the Nordic countries have abandoned the traditional income tax in favour of a 'dual' income tax combining progressive taxation of labour income with a low flat tax rate on capital income. Nordic governments have also experimented with new innovative methods of taxing business income. This book evaluates the Nordic tax reforms in the light of recent advances in the theory of taxation.

Snow in the Tropics by Thomas Taro Lennerfors and Peter Birch offers the first comprehensive history of the independent reefer operators. These shipping companies, such as Lauritzen, Salen, Seatrade, Star Reefers, and NYK Reefer, developed the dedicated transport of refrigerated products like meat, fish, and fruit by ship, from the early 20th century to the present. Snow in the Tropics describes how the history of the reefer operators has been formed in relation to shippers, such as Dole and Chiquita, in a constant struggle with the liner companies, such as Maersk, and in relation to global economic and political trends. It also covers how the industry is discursively constructed and the psychological drivers of the business decisions in it.