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Approximately 99% of all life that has ever existed is extinct.
Fortunately, these long dead species have left traces of their
lives and interactions with other species in the rock record that
paleoecologists use to understand how species and ecosystems have
changed over time. This record of past life allows us to study the
dynamic nature of the Earth and gives context to current and future
ecological challenges. This book brings together forty-four classic
papers published between 1924 and 1999 that trace the origins and
development of paleoecology. The articles cross taxonomic groups,
habitat types, geographic areas, and time and have made substantial
contributions to our knowledge of the evolution of life.
Encompassing the full breadth of paleoecology, the book is divided
into six parts: community and ecosystem dynamics, community
reconstruction, diversity dynamics, paleoenvironmental
reconstruction, species interaction, and taphonomy. Each paper is
also introduced by a contemporary expert who gives context and
explains its importance to ongoing paleoecological research. A
comprehensive introduction to the field, Foundations of
Paleoecology will be an essential reference for new students and
established paleoecologists alike.
Approximately 99% of all life that has ever existed is extinct.
Fortunately, these long dead species have left traces of their
lives and interactions with other species in the rock record that
paleoecologists use to understand how species and ecosystems have
changed over time. This record of past life allows us to study the
dynamic nature of the Earth and gives context to current and future
ecological challenges. This book brings together forty-four classic
papers published between 1924 and 1999 that trace the origins and
development of paleoecology. The articles cross taxonomic groups,
habitat types, geographic areas, and time and have made substantial
contributions to our knowledge of the evolution of life.
Encompassing the full breadth of paleoecology, the book is divided
into six parts: community and ecosystem dynamics, community
reconstruction, diversity dynamics, paleoenvironmental
reconstruction, species interaction, and taphonomy. Each paper is
also introduced by a contemporary expert who gives context and
explains its importance to ongoing paleoecological research. A
comprehensive introduction to the field, Foundations of
Paleoecology will be an essential reference for new students and
established paleoecologists alike.
Macroevolutionary inference has historically been treated as a
two-step process, involving the inference of a tree, and then
inference of a macroevolutionary model using that tree. Newer
models blend the two steps. These methods make more complete use of
fossils than the previous generation of Bayesian phylogenetic
models. They also involve many more parameters than prior models,
including parameters about which empiricists may have little
intuition. In this Element, we set forth a framework for fitting
complex, hierarchical models. The authors ultimately fit and use a
joint tree and diversification model to estimate a dated phylogeny
of the Cincta (Echinodermata), a morphologically distinct group of
Cambrian echinoderms that lack the fivefold radial symmetry
characteristic of extant members of the phylum. Although the
phylogeny of cinctans remains poorly supported in places, this
Element shows how models of character change and diversification
contribute to understanding patterns of phylogenetic relatedness
and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses.
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