China is the world's second largest consumer of commercial energy and is therefore a significant contributor to atmospheric pollution. It is becoming a major player in global and regional markets for energy products, services and investment. This book provides an overview of the formulation and implementation of energy policy in China. Part One provides background information on China's energy sector. Part Two examines the nature of China's energy policy and of the policy-making process, with examples drawn from the coal and natural gas sectors, as well as from the government's drive to promote energy conservation and energy efficiency. Part Three focuses on recent efforts to reform the energy sector in China and to regulate it more effectively, paying particular attention to the electrical power sector and to small-scale coal mines. Part Four evaluates, from the perspective of the citizen, policy relating to the electrical power sector and to the closure of small-scale coal mines. Part Five addresses the international dimensions of China's energy policy, with accounts of both inward and outward investment, and of the international political implications.

By now, most people in the ecological and environmental fields have heard of sustainable development, but how many know how we go about getting there, and if we are achieving it? By synthesizing the many disparate elements of the field of Ecological Economics, Toward Sustainable Development: An Ecological Economics Approach combines analysis, theory, and empiricism to answer the whats, whys, and hows of moving towards sustainable development.

Since the ecological economics approach to sustainable development is still a relatively new paradigm, its long-term success rests heavily on the formalized establishment of the most basic and fundamental principles. This volume discusses the formation of these principles and their implementation in the real world. Lawn establishes the ground-rules by showing that development need not be achieved at the expense of ecological sustainability. He presents the tools, guidelines, and conceptual framework necessary to move toward sustainable development.

Filled with figures, tables, and illustrations, Toward Sustainable Development: An Ecological Economics Approach systematically develops a conceptual framework from which to design workable policies. The author shows that development and ecological sustainability don't have to be trade-offs but can be complimentary and outlines a range of economic and non-economic indicators to measure performance.

By now, most people in the ecological and environmental fields have heard of sustainable development, but how many know how we go about getting there, and if we are achieving it? By synthesizing the many disparate elements of the field of Ecological Economics, Toward Sustainable Development: An Ecological Economics Approach combines analysis, theory, and empiricism to answer the whats, whys, and hows of moving towards sustainable development. Since the ecological economics approach to sustainable development is still a relatively new paradigm, its long-term success rests heavily on the formalized establishment of the most basic and fundamental principles. This volume discusses the formation of these principles and their implementation in the real world. Lawn establishes the ground-rules by showing that development need not be achieved at the expense of ecological sustainability. He presents the tools, guidelines, and conceptual framework necessary to move toward sustainable development. Filled with figures, tables, and illustrations, Toward Sustainable Development: An Ecological Economics Approach systematically develops a conceptual framework from which to design workable policies. The author shows that development and ecological sustainability don't have to be trade-offs but can be complimentary and outlines a range of economic and non-economic indicators to measure performance.

One of the most important technologies a photographer can master is shooting and working with raw images. However, figuring out the best way to work with raw files can be confusing and overwhelming. What's the advantage to working in raw? How do you manage, organize, and store raw files? What's the best way to process your files to meet your photographic needs? How do Photoshop, Lightroom and Adobe Camera Raw work together? Is it possible to keep your photos in the raw format and still enhance them extensively? Philip Andrews answers these questions and more in his all-new essential raw workflow guide. Whether you are a beginner just starting to explore the intricacies of shooting raw, or a seasoned pro looking for a better workflow, this book provides all of the information you need to know to create stunning images from your raw files. As well as covering the most popular raw software packages such as Adobe Camera Raw and Lightroom, it provides general information that you will find useful no matter which software you prefer. Clear, precise step-by-step instructions will help you get from start to finish with essential tips and tricks along the way. Packed with inspirational images and clearly marked screenshots pointing out the exact information you need, you'll be on your way to creating a better, faster, and more efficient raw workflow in no time.

Starting with the basics of camera control and moving on to shutter speeds, aperture, zoom and flash, Langford’s Starting Photography gives you the only introduction to digital photography you’ll ever need. Once you’ve mastered the basics, examples and projects allow you to explore the key methods for capturing a variety of subjects from portraits and pets to landscapes and sports photography, alongside straightforward advice on using editing software to get the best out of your digital shots, will have you producing unforgettable images in moments.

More inspiring than a textbook, more interesting than a reference, and more in-depth than a photography class, Langford’s Starting Photography is the only guide you need to start taking great images.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Picture Making; Chapter 2: Cameras, Sensors and Film; Chapter 3: Creative use of Camera Controls; Chapter 4: Tackling Different Photographic Subjects; Chapter 5: Controlling Light; Photographic Workflow; Chapter 6: Digital Processing and Printing; Chapter 7: Black and White Film Processing and Printing; Chapter 8: Experimental and constructed images; Chapter 9: Presenting and Assessing Your Work; Chapter 10: Troubleshooting; Appendices. Glossary.

In addition to environmental change, the structure and trends of global politics and the economy are also changing as more countries join the ranks of the world's largest economies with their resource-intensive patterns. The nexus approach, conceptualized as attention to resource connections and their governance ramifications, calls attention to the sustainability of contemporary consumer resource use, lifestyles and supply chains. This book sets out an analytical framework for understanding these nexus issues and the related governance challenges and opportunities.

It sheds light on the resource nexus in three realms: markets, inter-state relations, and local human security. These three realms are the organizing principle of three chapters, before the analysis turns to cross-cutting case studies including shale gas, migration, lifestyle changes and resource efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer and food systems, water and the Nile Basin, climate change and security and defense spending. The key issues revolve around competition and conflict over finite natural resources. The authors highlight opportunities to improve both the understanding of nexus challenges and their governance. They critically discuss a global governance approach versus polycentric and multi-level approaches, and the lack of those dimensions in many theories of international relations.

In addition to environmental change, the structure and trends of global politics and the economy are also changing as more countries join the ranks of the world's largest economies with their resource-intensive patterns. The nexus approach, conceptualized as attention to resource connections and their governance ramifications, calls attention to the sustainability of contemporary consumer resource use, lifestyles and supply chains. This book sets out an analytical framework for understanding these nexus issues and the related governance challenges and opportunities.

It sheds light on the resource nexus in three realms: markets, inter-state relations, and local human security. These three realms are the organizing principle of three chapters, before the analysis turns to cross-cutting case studies including shale gas, migration, lifestyle changes and resource efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer and food systems, water and the Nile Basin, climate change and security and defense spending. The key issues revolve around competition and conflict over finite natural resources. The authors highlight opportunities to improve both the understanding of nexus challenges and their governance. They critically discuss a global governance approach versus polycentric and multi-level approaches, and the lack of those dimensions in many theories of international relations.

China's rapid economic growth has led to a huge increase in its domestic energy needs. This book provides a critical overview of how China's growing need for oil imports is shaping its international economic and diplomatic strategy and how this affects global political relations and behaviour. Part One is focused on the domestic drivers of energy policy: it provides a systematic account of recent trends in China's energy sector and assesses the context and processes of energy policy making, and concludes by showing how and why China's oil industry has spread across the world in the last fifteen years. Part Two analyses the political and foreign policy implications of this energy-driven expansion and the challenges this potentially poses for China's integration into the international system. It examines a number of factors linked to this integration in the energy field, including the unpredictabilities of internal policymaking; China's determination to promote its own critical national interests, and the general ambition of the Chinese leadership to integrate with the international system on its own terms and at its own speed. The highly topical book draws together the various dimensions of China's international energy strategy, and provides insights into the impact of this on China's growing international presence in various parts of the world.

China's rapid economic growth has led to a huge increase in its domestic energy needs. This book provides a critical overview of how China's growing need for oil imports is shaping its international economic and diplomatic strategy and how this affects global political relations and behaviour.

Part One is focused on the domestic drivers of energy policy: it provides a systematic account of recent trends in China's energy sector and assesses the context and processes of energy policy making, and concludes by showing how and why China's oil industry has spread across the world in the last fifteen years. Part Two analyses the political and foreign policy implications of this energy-driven expansion and the challenges this potentially poses for China's integration into the international system. It examines a number of factors linked to this integration in the energy field, including the unpredictabilities of internal policymaking; China's determination to promote its own critical national interests, and the general ambition of the Chinese leadership to integrate with the international system on its own terms and at its own speed.

The highly topical book draws together the various dimensions of China's international energy strategy, and provides insights into the impact of this on China's growing international presence in various parts of the world.

China is frequently described as a threat to regional and global stability and its rapidly rising demand for imported energy is seen as one cause of this threat. This book shows that domestic politics and foreign policy have both played a part in China's recent major energy policy decisions. However, China's increasing involvement in the global energy markets can be seen as an opportunity to enhance cooperation and interdependence rather than as a threat.

This book assesses China's reputation as a global clean energy champion, and applies institutional and public policy theories to explain how the country has achieved so much and why there continue to be so many unintended consequences and constraints to progress. It considers the extent to which the government has successfully boosted the manufacture and deployment of low-carbon electricity generating infrastructure, cleaned up thermal power generation, and enhanced energy efficiency, dramatically constraining China's rising carbon dioxide emissions, but also examines the substantial political and financial capital required to reinforce the predominantly administrative policy instruments and the mix of special interests and poor coordination that are endemic to the energy sector. Arguing that the current approach seems to be encountering ever diminishing returns, the book considers whether ongoing sector reforms and the new national emissions trading scheme can reinvigorate the nation's clean energy trajectory.

Brimming with beautiful pictures, this successful book guides you through a project-based, progressive curriculum so that you can build all the essential skills to enhance photographs creatively and professionally with Photoshop CS3. If you are an aspiring professional, enthusiastic amateur photographer, or a student learning photography, digital imaging, art and design, or design graphics, you'll be amazed at the stunning results you can achieve! New! Downloadable resources are included FREE. Additional learning materials include * full-resolution, royalty-free images to download for trying-out your new techniques * over 8 hours of QuickTime movie tutorials to support the practical projects * Presets from layer styles to curves, shapes, and gradients * indispensable RAW files for editing practice And don't miss the companion website with updates, practice material, and more at www.photoshopessentialskills.com! "The perfect companion guide for Photoshop users of multiple levels." Photoshop Creative Magazine "This book provides excellent coverage of Photoshop as a digital darkroom tool, as well as covering a truly amazing amount of background information. It is very readable and is truly a gem." Mark Lewis, Director, Mount Saint Mary College, USA The Essential Skills Photography Series from Focal Press uniquely offers a structured learning experience for photographers of all ages, with both the underlying theory and loads of invaluable 'how to' and real-life practice projects - all from the most talented photography practitioners/educators in the world. Each subject includes: * learning objectives for each section - for class use or self-study * color images of student and teacher/author work * activities to check learning outcomes * assignments to put theories into creative practice * full glossary of terms Other titles in the series: Studio Photography: Essential Skills by John Child, Photographic Lighting: Essential Skills by John Child and Mark Galer and Digital Photography in Available Light by Mark Galer.

Photoshop users of all levels need access to the crucial information in a flash. Techniques books provide the step-by-step instructions and how-to advice but this easy to navigate, dip-into guide provides quick answers to the inevitable 'what does that do?' questions that all too often bring progress to a grinding halt. The full colour A to Z format covers hundreds of tools, features and menu options clearly and succinctly, with cross-references to related topics, screen shots and illustrative examples to help things fall into place. A new techniques section delves deeper into key areas, providing more instruction on essential tasks in an easy, step-by-step format. Fully updated with new CS3 features throughout, this is the Photoshop desk reference to adorn every digital image-maker's shelf. Intuitive A to Z format and clear, concise definitions make this the ideal desk reference guide to Photoshop's multitude of tools, options and features. Find the explanations, answers and practical advice you need to quickly get on with the task in hand - don't waste time looking anywhere else! Fully updated for CS3, with source images from the book and supporting tutorials provided on the accompanying website: www.photoshop-a-z.com.

Completely updated for the latest version of Adobe Photoshop Elements, Philip Andrews returns with his comprehensive guide to this popular software package. Akin to Martin Evening's bestselling Photoshop title, every feature and function of Elements is covered here in step-by-step detail. Accompanied by helpful screenshots and colorful images, highlighted in an updated and modernized design, this versatile guide is perfect if you're a first time user wanting to dip your toe into the world of digital image adjustment, or a seasoned pro wanting to hone your skills for perfectly fine tuned images. The more advanced projects, such as completing a photo book from scratch, stitching together multiple images to create fantastic panoramas, working with raw files, and more, are perfect if you want to push your images even further for amazing results from this fabulous software package. The easy to follow tutorials are complemented by general photography tips and tricks to give your images that masterful edge. Truly geared toward the photographer's needs, both pre and post-capture, this essential guide is a perfect companion for anyone wanting to take their images a step further with Elements.

New to Photoshop? Looking to unlock the impressive power of Photoshop CC? Want to master image editing techniques and achieve professional-level results? Then Photoshop CC: Essential Skills is the resource you need. This book and companion website's proven combination of real world image editing examples, step-by-step projects, and professional advice from two internationally recognized authors and Adobe Photoshop Ambassadors delivers an essential learning experience for beginner to intermediate Photoshop users. This self-study guide to Photoshop CC covers the foundational skills for photographers and image editors to get started before moving onto more advanced image editing and photomontage techniques. A complete section of step-by-step imaging projects and 10 plus hours of video tutorials on the companion website hone image editing skills to yield expert-quality results.

If you're new to Elements and need a complete overview of each feature and function, you'll find exactly what you're looking for here: step-by-step instructions covering every aspect of Elements, accompanied by helpful screenshots and colorful images. If you're a more experienced user, you'll find Philip's signature advanced tips and techniques invaluable as you stretch the power of Elements beyond what you previously thought possible. From basic techniques such as importing files and performing simple image edits to more complex projects such as creating scrapbooks, making panoramas, and working with raw files, it's all covered in this comprehensive guide from one of the industry's premier Elements experts, and always in the context of creating great photographs first and foremost.Be sure to visit the accompanying websites www.photoshopelements.net and pse-4-photographers.photoshop.com for additional Elements 8 tutorials, tips, example galleries, offers and advice.

With a new edition of this best-selling guide to Photoshop Elements, Philip Andrews takes his comprehensive coverage further than ever before. Using a perfect blend of colorful images and helpful screen shots, Adobe Photoshop Elements 10 for Photographers covers every function and feature of Elements 10. Whether you are a new user wanting to take your first steps into the world of digital image editing, or a seasoned pro looking for professional-quality results from your images, this expert guide will help you get up to speed. Starting with the basics of importing and organizing your images through to the essentials of image adjustments and corrections, Adobe Photoshop Elements 10 for Photographers builds up your skills before moving on to more advanced techniques. Complex topics such as effectively working with layers and filters, creating panoramas, and outputting your images for web and print will have you pushing your images and creativity further than ever before. Completed by a series of small projects to put your new skills to the test, this book covers it all! Incorporating general photography tips along the way, Philip Andrews has geared this essential guide towards the digital photographer and all your needs. Packed with images and screen shots to show you how to get the most out of your imagesWritten by Adobe Ambassador and Elements expert Philip AndrewsTutorials and professional examples show you how to put your new skills to the test in the real worldBe sure to visit the accompanying websites www.PhotoshopElements.net and pse-4-photographers.photoshop.com for additional Elements 10 tutorials, tips, example galleries, offers and advice. An experience photographer, author, editor and online course creator, Philip Andres is Adobe Australia's official Photoshop and Elements Ambassador, making him the perfect guide to the Elements software.

China is frequently described as a threat to regional and global stability and its rapidly rising demand for imported energy is seens as one cause of this threat. This book shows that domestic politics and foreign policy have both played a part in China's recent major energy policy decisions. However, China's increasing involvement in the global energy markets can be seen as an opportunity to enhance cooperation and interdependence rather than as a threat.

To coincide with some of the biggest changes in Photoshop Elements for years, Philip Andrews completely revises his bestselling title to include all the new features of this release. See how the new interface works alongside new tools, techniques and workflows to make editing, enhancing and sharing your pictures easier than ever. And as always, he introduces the changed and improved features with colorful illustrations and the clear step-by-step instruction that has made his books the go-to titles for photographers the world over. In this edition Andrews highlights the following new features: Interface for both the Editor and Organizer Revel integration in Organizer New tools in the Quick Editor workspace Changes to the Actions palette Pen and Ink, Comic and Graphic Novel filters Vignette, Tilt-Shift, High Key, and Low Key Guided Edit effects Places, People and Events Organizer work modes Changes for Adobe Camera Raw Supercharged folder view Online content The Task bar Exposure and Vibrance sliders in Quick Edit At the same time, Andrews provides a comprehensive overview of the most used tools and techniques in the rest of the program. Readers also benefit from a being able to access book resources and instructional videos at the associated website photoshopelements.net. They can also extend their learning with the special Photoshop Elements for Photographers app available from the Apple App Store.

This essential guide for intermediate/advanced photographers has now been fully updated for Elements 7. Bestselling author and Elements guru Philip Andrews turns his expansive knowledge to this powerful application, delivering, once again, a practical approach in a crystal-clear writing style. For the advanced Elements user, this book offers a standalone guide to advancing knowledge of the software. For those with a little less experience, it works seamlessly in conjunction with Philip's other Elements guide: "Adobe Photoshop Elements 7: A visual introduction to digital photography." Philip expands on the solid foundation delivered by that title to deliver a master-guide that shows you just how powerful this deceptively simple software package can be. Throughout the book, Philip takes a pro's approach, emphasising a streamlined, non-destructive workflow. Diverse chapters cover the entire spectrum of photographic potential offered by the software, including key areas such as: darkroom techniques, advanced selection techniques, professional retouching, photo restoration, panoramas, collages, RAW processing and printing. Additionally, the content is supplemented by extra great learning tools available on a brand new website including; downloadable resources, and Elements vodcasts. Essential reading for all photographers using Elements 7.

One of the most important technologies a photographer can master is shooting and working with raw images. However, figuring out the best way to work with raw files can be confusing and overwhelming. What's the advantage to working in raw? How do you manage, organize, and store raw files? What's the best way to process your files to meet your photographic needs? How do Photoshop, Lightroom and Adobe Camera Raw work together? Is it possible to keep your photos in the raw format and still enhance them extensively? Philip Andrews answers these questions and more in his all-new essential raw workflow guide. Whether you are a beginner just starting to explore the intricacies of shooting raw, or a seasoned pro looking for a better workflow, this book provides all of the information you need to know to create stunning images from your raw files. As well as covering the most popular raw software packages such as Adobe Camera Raw and Lightroom, it provides general information that you will find useful no matter which software you prefer. Clear, precise step-by-step instructions will help you get from start to finish with essential tips and tricks along the way. Packed with inspirational images and clearly marked screenshots pointing out the exact information you need, you'll be on your way to creating a better, faster, and more efficient raw workflow in no time.

Brimming with beautiful pictures, this successful book guides you through a project-based, progressive curriculum so that you can build all the essential skills to enhance photographs creatively and professionally with Photoshop CS3. If you are an aspiring professional, enthusiastic amateur photographer, or a student learning photography, digital imaging, art and design, or design graphics, you'll be amazed at the stunning results you can achieve! New! Downloadable resources are included FREE. Additional learning materials include * full-resolution, royalty-free images to download for trying-out your new techniques * over 8 hours of QuickTime movie tutorials to support the practical projects * Presets from layer styles to curves, shapes, and gradients * indispensable RAW files for editing practice And don't miss the companion website with updates, practice material, and more at www.photoshopessentialskills.com! "The perfect companion guide for Photoshop users of multiple levels." Photoshop Creative Magazine "This book provides excellent coverage of Photoshop as a digital darkroom tool, as well as covering a truly amazing amount of background information. It is very readable and is truly a gem." Mark Lewis, Director, Mount Saint Mary College, USA The Essential Skills Photography Series from Focal Press uniquely offers a structured learning experience for photographers of all ages, with both the underlying theory and loads of invaluable 'how to' and real-life practice projects - all from the most talented photography practitioners/educators in the world. Each subject includes: * learning objectives for each section - for class use or self-study * color images of student and teacher/author work * activities to check learning outcomes * assignments to put theories into creative practice * full glossary of terms Other titles in the series: Studio Photography: Essential Skills by John Child, Photographic Lighting: Essential Skills by John Child and Mark Galer and Digital Photography in Available Light by Mark Galer.

This book describes best practices for successful FPGA design. It is the result of the author's meetings with hundreds of customers on the challenges facing each of their FPGA design teams. By gaining an understanding into their design environments, processes, what works and what does not work, key areas of concern in implementing system designs have been identified and a recommended design methodology to overcome these challenges has been developed. This book's content has a strong focus on design teams that are spread across sites. The goal being to increase the productivity of FPGA design teams by establishing a common methodology across design teams; enabling the exchange of design blocks across teams. Coverage includes the complete FPGA design flow, from the basics to advanced techniques. This new edition has been enhanced to include new sections on System modeling, embedded design and high level design. The original sections on Design Environment, RTL design and timing closure have all been expanded to include more up to date techniques as well as providing more extensive scripts and RTL code that can be reused by readers. Presents complete, field-tested methodology for FPGA design, focused on reuse across design teams; Offers best practices for FPGA timing closure, in-system debug, and board design; Details techniques to resolve common pitfalls in designing with FPGAs.

Starting with the basics of camera control and moving on to shutter speeds, aperture, zoom and flash, Langfords Starting Photography gives you the only introduction to digital photography you'll ever need. Once you've mastered the basics, examples and projects allow you to explore the key methods for capturing a variety of subjects from portraits and pets to landscapes and sports photography, alongside straightforward advice on using editing software to get the best out of your digital shots, will have you producing unforgettable images in moments. More inspiring than a textbook, more interesting than a reference, and more in-depth than a photography class, Langfords Starting Photography is the only guide you need to start taking great images.