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This book challenges the popular thesis of a downward trend in the
viability of welfare states in competitive market economies.
With approaches ranging from historical case studies to
cross-national analyses, the contributors explore various aspects
of the relationships between welfare states, industrial relations,
financial government and production systems. Building upon and
combining comparative studies of both the varieties of capitalism
and the worlds of welfare state regimes, the book considers issues
such as:
*the role of employers and unions in social policy
*the interdependencies between financial markets and pension
systems
* the current welfare reform process.
It sheds new light on the tenuous relationship between social
policies and market economies and provides thought-provoking
reading for students and scholars of Comparative Politics, Public
Policy, the Welfare State and Political Economy.
This book challenges the popular thesis of a downward trend in the viability of welfare states in competitive market economies. With approaches ranging from historical case studies to cross-national analyses, the contributors explore various aspects of the relationships between welfare states, industrial relations, financial government and production systems. Building upon and combining comparative studies of both the varieties of capitalism and the worlds of welfare state regimes, the book considers issues such as: *the role of employers and unions in social policy *the interdependencies between financial markets and pension systems * the current welfare reform process. It sheds new light on the tenuous relationship between social policies and market economies and provides thought-provoking reading for students and scholars of Comparative Politics, Public Policy, the Welfare State and Political Economy. eBook available with sample pages: 0203166825
1. 1 Problemstellung Es gehoert zu den heute allgemein akzeptierten
Erkenntnissen, dass Politik sektoral differenziert ist. Dahinter
steht die - vor allem von der Policy-Forschung vermittelte -
Einsicht, dass Funktionsprobleme moderner Gesellschaften und darauf
abzie- lende Steuerungsversuche keinen universellen Charakter
besit- zen, sondern eine hochgradig politikfeldspezifische Pragung
aufweisen. Im folgenden wird es darum gehen, die Entwick- lung und
den langfristigen Wandel eines dieser Politikfelder zu analysieren,
ohne sich dabei auf die Erklarung von Einzelpha- nomenen wie
Gesetzgebungsprozessen, der Rolle von Parteien und organisierten
Interessen oder auf bestimmte Entwick- lungsphasen (Expansion,
Blockade, Transformation) zu be- schranken. Unser
Untersuchungsgegenstand ist - bewusst breit gewahlt - die Genese
der bundesdeutschen Gesundheitspolitik seit der Nachkriegszeit. Im
Mittelpunkt sollen dabei derWan- del von Akteurinteressen und
-strategien stehen, die Verande- rungen der institutionellen
Handlungsgrundlagen sowie die variierenden Problemanforderungen,
mit denen sich die Akteu- re in der Gesundheitspolitik konfrontiert
sahen. Ein derart breit gefasstes Untersuchungsziel bedarf eines
analytischen Bezugs- rahmens, der sowohl die zahlreichen
Beobachtungseinheiten ordnen hilft wie auch sektorale
Entwicklungstendenzen sicht- bar macht. Ein solcher analytischer
Rahmen soll hier zunachst in Auseinandersetzung mit einigen
vorherrschenden politik- wissenschaftlichen Ansatzen entwickelt
werden. 14 Innerhalb der empirisch orientierten Politikforschung
sind derzeit zwei konzeptionelle Tendenzen erkennbar.
Sixty years of democratic representation in Germany allow us to
study the working of a specific type of electoral system, namely a
mixed system combining proportional and majoritarian rules, in
great detail. Mixed systems have figured as a reference point in
many reform debates of the recent past. This is because they appear
to combine advantageous traits of proportional and majoritarian
rules, such as fairness, proximity between constituencies and
representatives, and stable government majorities. Mixed systems
have also attracted much scholarly attention of late, because they
allow us to study the effects of electoral rules while holding many
intervening variables constant. But they also attract interest
because the proportional and majoritarian electoral tiers affect
each other in ways that differ from what would have resulted under
pure PR or plurality. All this makes mixed systems a fascinating
object of study, and the German system is its oldest and
prototypical exemplar.
This book radically revises established knowledge in comparative
welfare state studies and introduces a new perspective on how
religion shaped modern social protection systems. The interplay of
societal cleavage structures and electoral rules produced the
different political class coalitions sustaining the three welfare
regimes of the Western world. In countries with proportional
electoral systems the absence or presence of state church conflicts
decided whether class remained the dominant source of coalition
building or whether a political logic not exclusively based on
socio-economic interests (e.g. religion) was introduced into
politics, particularly social policy. The political
class-coalitions in countries with majoritarian systems, on the
other hand, allowed only for the residual-liberal welfare state to
emerge, as in the US or the UK. This book also reconsiders the role
of Protestantism. Reformed Protestantism substantially delayed and
restricted modern social policy. The Lutheran state churches
positively contributed to the introduction of social protection
programs.
This book radically revises established knowledge in comparative
welfare state studies and introduces a new perspective on how
religion shaped modern social protection systems. The interplay of
societal cleavage structures and electoral rules produced the
different political class coalitions sustaining the three welfare
regimes of the Western world. In countries with proportional
electoral systems the absence or presence of state church conflicts
decided whether class remained the dominant source of coalition
building or whether a political logic not exclusively based on
socio-economic interests (e.g. religion) was introduced into
politics, particularly social policy. The political
class-coalitions in countries with majoritarian systems, on the
other hand, allowed only for the residual-liberal welfare state to
emerge, as in the US or the UK. This book also reconsiders the role
of Protestantism. Reformed Protestantism substantially delayed and
restricted modern social policy. The Lutheran state churches
positively contributed to the introduction of social protection
programs.
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