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This book goes back to the origins of the transformation of health
and medicine into a business, during the first part of the
twentieth century, focusing on the example of Japan. In the past
hundred years, medicine has gone from being a charitable activity
to a large economic sector, amounting to 12-15% of the GDP in many
developed countries, and one of the fastest-growing businesses
around the world. Despite the mounting presence of the medical
industry, there is a lack of academic work detailing this major
transformation. The objective of this book is to fill this gap and
address the following question: how did medicine become a business?
Using over ten years of research in the field, Pierre-Yves Donze
argues that economic factors and business factors were decisive in
transforming the way that medicine enters our lives. This book will
be of interest to historians of medicine, business historians,
health economists, scholars in medical humanities, and more.
This book offers an analysis of the formation of contemporary
hospital systems between the mid-19th century and the mid-20th
century. Based on extensive archival material and a broad
international literature review, it focuses on the case of the
canton of Vaud, Switzerland, and uses a triple approach that
discusses technological innovations, hospital management, and
health policy. This research is a major contribution to the history
of medicine which gives a unique overview of the formation of
contemporary hospital systems.
This book explores the luxury industry and how it has undoubtedly
been one of the fastest-growing sectors since the 1970s, and one in
which Europe has managed to strengthen its competitiveness in the
world market. While many aspects of globalization remain abstract
and intangible, the luxury industry has created markets where
previously there were none, by educating Japanese about the history
of French handbags, Chinese about the finest wines, and setting
global standards for an elite, inspirational lifestyle. In this
edited volume, a wide range of scholars comes together to analyze
the history of the business and the innovations in management and
marketing that have emerged from it. Invaluable for scholars,
industry figures, and dilettantes alike, it will define the field
of study for years to come.
World watch production today is concentrated in three countries:
Switzerland, Japan and China. Former centres such as Great Britain,
France, the United States and Russia saw the industrial manufacture
of watches disappear from their territory during the twentieth
century. How did this situation come about? The business of time
aims to answer this question by presenting the first comprehensive
history of the sector. It traces the evolution and transformation
of the global watch industry from the mid-nineteenth century to the
present day, highlighting the conditions that enabled watch
production to expand across the globe and revealing how
multinational companies gradually emerged to dominate the industry.
-- .
This book offers an analysis of the dynamics of the global medical
device (medtech) industry from the 1960s until the present, using
the approaches of business history and industry studies. While most
of the publications in the corresponding field have focused on
particular countries/regions or actors, this research is unique in
its scope. First, it explores the formation and development of
medtech business both globally and in the major countries engaged
in this industry (the United States, Japan, Germany, Switzerland,
France, and China). Second, it tackles a broad range of actors and
organizations, from individual entrepreneurs, medical doctors, and
engineers to small family firms, start-ups, and large
multinationals, as well as universities and research centers.
Hence, for the first time, this book both provides a general
understanding of the formation and transformation of the medtech
industry throughout the world and sheds light on the main features
of a fast-growing business in the twenty-first century. This book
will be of value to historians, industry professionals, and
analysts.
This book offers a discussion about the dramatic development of
healthcare business around the world during the twentieth century.
Through a broad range of cases in Asia, Europe and the US, it shows
how health was transformed into a fast-growing and diversified
industry. Health and medicine have developed as one of the fastest
growing sectors of the economy around the world during the
twentieth century. However, very little is known about the
conditions of their transformation in a big, globalized business.
This book discusses the development of health industries, tackling
the various activities in manufacturing (drugs, biotechnology,
medical devices, etc.), infrastructure (hospital design and
construction) and services (nursing care, insurances, hospital
management, etc.) in relation to healthcare. The business history
of health carried out in this book offers a systemic perspective
that includes the producers (companies), practitioners (medical
doctors) and users (patients and hospitals) of medical technology,
as well as the providers of capital and the bodies responsible for
regulating the health system (government). The chapters in this
book were originally published as a special issue of the journal
Business History.
Changes in the dynamics of economic activities since the last
decades of the 20th century have yielded major changes in the
composition of industries and the division of labor and production
across different regions of the world. Despite these shifts in the
global economy, some industries have remained competitive even
without relocating their operations overseas. Industries and Global
Competition examines how and why the specificities of certain
industries and firms determined their choice of location and
competitiveness. This volume identifies the major drivers of this
process and explains why some firms and industries moved to other
parts of world while others did not. Relocation was not the sole
determinant of the success or failure of firms and industries.
Indeed some were able to reinvent themselves at their original
location and build new competitive advantages. The path that each
industry or firm took varied. This book argues that the specific
characteristics of each industry defined the conditions of
competitiveness and provide a wide range of cases as illustrations.
Aimed at scholars, researchers and acadmeics in the fields of
business history, international business and related disciplines
Industries and Global Competition exmaines the unique questions;
How and why did the specificities of certain industries and firms
determine their choice of location and competitiveness?
Changes in the dynamics of economic activities since the last
decades of the 20th century have yielded major changes in the
composition of industries and the division of labor and production
across different regions of the world. Despite these shifts in the
global economy, some industries have remained competitive even
without relocating their operations overseas. Industries and Global
Competition examines how and why the specificities of certain
industries and firms determined their choice of location and
competitiveness. This volume identifies the major drivers of this
process and explains why some firms and industries moved to other
parts of world while others did not. Relocation was not the sole
determinant of the success or failure of firms and industries.
Indeed some were able to reinvent themselves at their original
location and build new competitive advantages. The path that each
industry or firm took varied. This book argues that the specific
characteristics of each industry defined the conditions of
competitiveness and provide a wide range of cases as illustrations.
Aimed at scholars, researchers and acadmeics in the fields of
business history, international business and related disciplines
Industries and Global Competition exmaines the unique questions;
How and why did the specificities of certain industries and firms
determine their choice of location and competitiveness?
Research on the international transfer of technology in economics
and management literature has primarily focused on the role of
countries and that of companies, in particular multinational
enterprises (MNEs). Similarly, economic and business historians
have tended to view international technology transfer as a way for
economically 'backward' countries to acquire new technologies in
order to catch up with more developed economies. This volume
provides a more in-depth understanding of how the international
transfer of technologies is organized and, in particular,
challenges the core-periphery model that is still dominant in the
extant literature. By looking beyond national systems of
innovation, and statistics on foreign trade, patent registration
and foreign direct investment, the book sheds more light on the
variety of actors involved in the transfer process (including
engineers, entrepreneurs, governments, public bodies, firms, etc.)
and on how they make use of a broad set of national and
international institutions facilitating technology transfer. Put
differently, the volume offers a better understanding of the
complexity of global technology flows by examining the role and
actions of the different actors involved. By bringing together a
number of original case studies covering many different countries
over the period from the late 19th to the 21st century, the book
demonstrates how technology is being transferred through complex
processes, involving a variety of actors from several countries
using the national and international institutional frameworks.
The phenomena of Japan emerging as one of the most competitive
industrial nations in the twentieth century and the general shift
of competitiveness to East Asia since the 1980s have been widely
studied by many scholars from different fields of the social
sciences. Drawing on sources from Japanese, Swiss, and American
archives, the historical analysis of this book tackles a wide range
of actors and sheds light on the various processes that enabled
Japanese watch companies to transfer technology and expand
commercially starting in the second half of the nineteenth century.
By exploring the case of the watch industry, this book serves to
establish a better understanding of the origins of the
competitiveness of Japanese manufacturing and its evolution until
its decline in the post-bubble economy (in the 1990s and 2000s).
The phenomena of Japan emerging as one of the most competitive
industrial nations in the twentieth century and the general shift
of competitiveness to East Asia since the 1980s have been widely
studied by many scholars from different fields of the social
sciences. Drawing on sources from Japanese, Swiss, and American
archives, the historical analysis of this book tackles a wide range
of actors and sheds light on the various processes that enabled
Japanese watch companies to transfer technology and expand
commercially starting in the second half of the nineteenth century.
By exploring the case of the watch industry, this book serves to
establish a better understanding of the origins of the
competitiveness of Japanese manufacturing and its evolution until
its decline in the post-bubble economy (in the 1990s and 2000s).
Chanel suits, Louis Vuitton bags and Omega watches are now objects
that embody a globalized material culture. Over the past 30 years,
the luxury goods industry has undergone a tremendous expansion
around the world. However, it remains largely dominated by European
companies, ranging from diversified conglomerates such as LVMH and
Richemont to independent companies such as the Italian fashion
houses Armani and Ermenegildo Zegna, and industrial groups like
Swatch and L'Oreal or new start-ups such as Richard Mille. How and
why did these companies succeed? How did they manage to transform a
sector previously dominated by small family firms into a global big
business? Selling Europe to the World presents the development of
the global luxury goods industry from the 1980s to the present day.
It highlights the strategies implemented by a new generation of
entrepreneurs and explains, beyond the glamorous image conveyed by
luxury brands, the sources of success of these firms. An essential
book for understanding the success of the contemporary luxury
industry.
This book explores the luxury industry and how it has undoubtedly
been one of the fastest-growing sectors since the 1970s, and one in
which Europe has managed to strengthen its competitiveness in the
world market. While many aspects of globalization remain abstract
and intangible, the luxury industry has created markets where
previously there were none, by educating Japanese about the history
of French handbags, Chinese about the finest wines, and setting
global standards for an elite, inspirational lifestyle. In this
edited volume, a wide range of scholars comes together to analyze
the history of the business and the innovations in management and
marketing that have emerged from it. Invaluable for scholars,
industry figures, and dilettantes alike, it will define the field
of study for years to come.
Research on the international transfer of technology in economics
and management literature has primarily focused on the role of
countries and that of companies, in particular multinational
enterprises (MNEs). Similarly, economic and business historians
have tended to view international technology transfer as a way for
economically 'backward' countries to acquire new technologies in
order to catch up with more developed economies. This volume
provides a more in-depth understanding of how the international
transfer of technologies is organized and, in particular,
challenges the core-periphery model that is still dominant in the
extant literature. By looking beyond national systems of
innovation, and statistics on foreign trade, patent registration
and foreign direct investment, the book sheds more light on the
variety of actors involved in the transfer process (including
engineers, entrepreneurs, governments, public bodies, firms, etc.)
and on how they make use of a broad set of national and
international institutions facilitating technology transfer. Put
differently, the volume offers a better understanding of the
complexity of global technology flows by examining the role and
actions of the different actors involved. By bringing together a
number of original case studies covering many different countries
over the period from the late 19th to the 21st century, the book
demonstrates how technology is being transferred through complex
processes, involving a variety of actors from several countries
using the national and international institutional frameworks.
This book offers an analysis of the dynamics of the global medical
device (medtech) industry from the 1960s until the present, using
the approaches of business history and industry studies. While most
of the publications in the corresponding field have focused on
particular countries/regions or actors, this research is unique in
its scope. First, it explores the formation and development of
medtech business both globally and in the major countries engaged
in this industry (the United States, Japan, Germany, Switzerland,
France, and China). Second, it tackles a broad range of actors and
organizations, from individual entrepreneurs, medical doctors, and
engineers to small family firms, start-ups, and large
multinationals, as well as universities and research centers.
Hence, for the first time, this book both provides a general
understanding of the formation and transformation of the medtech
industry throughout the world and sheds light on the main features
of a fast-growing business in the twenty-first century. This book
will be of value to historians, industry professionals, and
analysts.
This book goes back to the origins of the transformation of health
and medicine into a business, during the first part of the
twentieth century, focusing on the example of Japan. In the past
hundred years, medicine has gone from being a charitable activity
to a large economic sector, amounting to 12-15% of the GDP in many
developed countries, and one of the fastest-growing businesses
around the world. Despite the mounting presence of the medical
industry, there is a lack of academic work detailing this major
transformation. The objective of this book is to fill this gap and
address the following question: how did medicine become a business?
Using over ten years of research in the field, Pierre-Yves Donze
argues that economic factors and business factors were decisive in
transforming the way that medicine enters our lives. This book will
be of interest to historians of medicine, business historians,
health economists, scholars in medical humanities, and more.
Chanel suits, Louis Vuitton bags and Omega watches are now objects
that embody a globalized material culture. Over the past 30 years,
the luxury goods industry has undergone a tremendous expansion
around the world. However, it remains largely dominated by European
companies, ranging from diversified conglomerates such as LVMH and
Richemont to independent companies such as the Italian fashion
houses Armani and Ermenegildo Zegna, and industrial groups like
Swatch and L'Oreal or new start-ups such as Richard Mille. How and
why did these companies succeed? How did they manage to transform a
sector previously dominated by small family firms into a global big
business? Selling Europe to the World presents the development of
the global luxury goods industry from the 1980s to the present day.
It highlights the strategies implemented by a new generation of
entrepreneurs and explains, beyond the glamorous image conveyed by
luxury brands, the sources of success of these firms. An essential
book for understanding the success of the contemporary luxury
industry.
This innovative volume brings together contributions from leading
experts in the study of luxury to present the full range of
perspectives on luxury business, from a variety of social science
approaches. Topics include conceptual foundations and the evolution
of the luxury industry; the production of luxury goods; luxury
branding and marketing; distributing luxury; globalization and
markets; and issues of morality, inequality, and environmental
sustainability. The Oxford Handbook of Luxury Business is a
necessary resource for all students and researchers of the field as
well as for forward-thinking industry professionals.
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