Computer-based infectious disease surveillance systems are capable of real-time or near real-time detection of serious illnesses and potential bioterrorism agent exposures and represent a major step forward in disease surveillance. Infectious Disease Informatics: Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health and Bio-Defense is an in-depth monograph that analyzes and evaluates the outbreak modeling and detection capabilities of existing surveillance systems under a unified framework, and presents the first book-length coverage of the subject from an informatics-driven perspective. Individual chapters consider the state of the art, including the facilitation of data collection, sharing and transmission; a focus on various outbreak detection methods; data visualization and information dissemination issues; and system assessment and other policy issues. Eight chapters then report on several real-world case studies, summarizing and comparing eight syndromic surveillance systems, including those that have been adopted by many public health agencies (e.g., RODS and BioSense). The book concludes with a discussion of critical issues and challenges, with a look to future directions. This book is an excellent source of current information for researchers in public health and IT. Government public health officials and private-sector practitioners in both public health and IT will find the most up-to-date information available, and students from a variety of disciplines, including public health, biostatistics, information systems, computer science, and public administration and policy will get a comprehensive look at the concepts, techniques, and practices of syndromic surveillance.

Computer-based infectious disease surveillance systems are capable of real-time or near real-time detection of serious illnesses and potential bioterrorism agent exposures and represent a major step forward in disease surveillance. Infectious Disease Informatics: Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health and Bio-Defense is an in-depth monograph that analyzes and evaluates the outbreak modeling and detection capabilities of existing surveillance systems under a unified framework, and presents the first book-length coverage of the subject from an informatics-driven perspective. Individual chapters consider the state of the art, including the facilitation of data collection, sharing and transmission; a focus on various outbreak detection methods; data visualization and information dissemination issues; and system assessment and other policy issues. Eight chapters then report on several real-world case studies, summarizing and comparing eight syndromic surveillance systems, including those that have been adopted by many public health agencies (e.g., RODS and BioSense). The book concludes with a discussion of critical issues and challenges, with a look to future directions. This book is an excellent source of current information for researchers in public health and IT. Government public health officials and private-sector practitioners in both public health and IT will find the most up-to-date information available, and students from a variety of disciplines, including public health, biostatistics, information systems, computer science, and public administration and policy will get a comprehensive look at the concepts, techniques, and practices of syndromic surveillance.

This book provides a systematic treatment of the mathematical underpinnings of work in the theory of outbreak dynamics and their control, covering balanced perspectives between theory and practice including new material on contemporary topics in the field of infectious disease modelling. Specifically, it presents a unified mathematical framework linked to the distribution theory of non-negative random variables; the many examples used in the text, are introduced and discussed in light of theoretical perspectives. The book is organized into 9 chapters: The first motivates the presentation of the material on subsequent chapters; Chapter 2-3 provides a review of basic concepts of probability and statistical models for the distributions of continuous lifetime data and the distributions of random counts and counting processes, which are linked to phenomenological models. Chapters 4 focuses on dynamic behaviors of a disease outbreak during the initial phase while Chapters 5-6 broadly cover compartment models to investigate the consequences of epidemics as the outbreak moves beyond the initial phase. Chapter 7 provides a transition between mostly theoretical topics in earlier chapters and Chapters 8 and 9 where the focus is on the data generating processes and statistical issues of fitting models to data as well as specific mathematical epidemic modeling applications, respectively. This book is aimed at a wide audience ranging from graduate students to established scientists from quantitatively-oriented fields of epidemiology, mathematics and statistics. The numerous examples and illustrations make understanding of the mathematics of disease transmission and control accessible. Furthermore, the examples and exercises, make the book suitable for motivated students in applied mathematics, either through a lecture course, or through self-study. This text could be used in graduate schools or special summer schools covering research problems in mathematical biology.

Scroll shoulder tool is a relatively new friction stir welding (FSW) tool introduced by The Welding Institute of UK in 1999. It offers extra advantages of eliminating the tilted tool axis that is usually used in conventional tool FSW and performing non-linear thick section FSW with a relatively simple machine. However, the forming mechanism of its shoulder flow zone still remains unidentified. This mechanism is fundamental in designing a proper scroll shoulder tool to produce a defect-free weld. This monograph, firstly, systematically reviewed FSW tool design, weld zone material flow pattern and flow forming mechanism, and scroll shoulder tool shoulder flow zone formation to date. Then, a novel scroll shoulder tool design and experimental techniques were detailed. Subsequently, the experimental results were presented. Finally, the shoulder flow zone forming mechanism and strategy to secure weld quality for scroll shoulder tool were suggested. This study has revealed for the first time the forming mechanism of shoulder flow zone and approaches to control weld quality for scroll shoulder tool. This monograph is an excellent reference for FSW researchers, engineers and practitioners.

Over the last few years, the field of nanotechnology has shaped up to be the next big thing, with many potential applications such as switches, sensors, and single-molecule devices. Compared to the vast literature covering inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials, little is available on organic nanostructures and molecular devices. Perylene diimides are a group of organic compounds well known for their high fluorescence quantum yield, high photostability, and high charge carrier mobilities. This book, therefore, provides a safari to the young and promising field of nano- and molecular device research field built on perylene diimides. Four distinctly different topics are covered: fluorescent redox switch; self-organization of nanostructure; single-molecule device; conformational switch. This book should be especially useful to professionals in self-assembly, biosensor, and single-molecule spectroscopy research fields, or anyone else who may be interested in utilizing nano- and molecular devices and borrowing the design principles for their own research.