This book provides a comprehensive account of past, present and future of the biomass based biorefineries. It is an all-inclusive and insightful compilation of recent advancements in the technology and methods used for conversion of biomass to bioenergy and other useful biochemicals. The book also focuses on the limitations of existing technologies and provides the future prospects, as well as discusses socio-economic impact of biomass based biorefineries. This book assists researchers in the area of lignocellulosic biorefineries and can be used by the students, scientist and academician as an advanced reference textbook.

The edited book covers all potential products from microalgal-based biorefinery having the focus on contemporary technologies and future outlook. Along with the focus on microalgal biorefinery products, the book also focuses on biotechnological advances via the utilization of modern molecular biology, system biology, synthetic biology, or metabolic engineering approach in microalgal biorefinery. The development of any technologies has a direct effect on the human being and the environment, therefore, the socio-economic, techno-economic, and environmental impact of the microalgae-based biorefineries will also be included in the book. In microalgal biomass-based biorefinery different biofuel- biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, and value-added compounds such as carotenoids, fatty acids, and protein can be produced simultaneously. Understanding the technical advances to develop an integrated biorefinery approach with the motive of designing a consolidated self-sustainable microalga-based biorefinery. This book is equally beneficial for researchers and engineers in biomass-based biorefineries or the bachelors, master, or young budding graduate students as a textbook.

Provides exhaustive information on the use of algae for the simultaneous treatment and resource recovery of wastewater. Discuses algae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria applications in-detail. Presents critical insight into limitations of the prevalent technologies. Reviews methodology of advanced technologies. Includes illustrations and interesting trivia boxes throughout the book.

Explores role of hydrolysing enzymes in breakdown and transformation of biomass hydrolysis Discusses potential of auxiliary enzyme (LPMO's) for enhancing hydrolysis potential Covers recent development in the field of enzymatic-assisted hydrolysis of waste for conversion of waste to value-added products Deliberates all possible products that can be generated from enzymatic hydrolysis of waste and their possible utilization Elucidate the limitations and advantages of enzyme-based hydrolysis and possible strategies for moving from laboratory to the large-scale industries

Explores all the modern-day technologies that can be potentially used in enzyme-based biorefinery conversion of wastes to value- added products. Covers technological, economic and environmental assessments of enzyme-based biorefinery prospects Deliberates all possible products that can be generated from wastes including biofuel and essential chemicals Illustrates techniques for enhanced yield and properties to be used in various industrial applications Reviews advanced information of relevant sources and mechanism of enzymes

"Enzymes in Valorization of waste: Enzymatic pre-treatment of waste for development of enzyme based biorefinery" focusses on the role of key delignifying enzymes (Laccase, MnP, LiP and LPMO's) involved in biomass pre-treatment. The role of these enzymes such as hemicellulose, chitinases, and pectinases are discussed exhaustively including enzyme assisted recovery of high value phenolic compounds and value-added compounds generated during the pre-treatment process. All chapters cover broad topics and thematic areas associated with the pre-treatment step of biorefinery including enzyme mediated water treatment and its associated applications in biofuels, biorefineries and bioconversion. Features: Highlights mechanistic approach how the enzyme being able to regulate the delignification. Discusses advantages of the enzymatic delignification over other physical and chemical methods. Illustrates role of enzymes such as pectinase and chitinases and breaking down of biomass recalcitrance due to presence of pectin and chitin. Consolidates details on de-lignifying enzymes ((Laccase, MnP, LiP and LPMO's) suitable in biomass pretreatment. Explores role of delignifying enzymes in high value phenolic compounds recovery during the enzymatic delignification. This book aims at Graduate students, Researchers and related Industry Professionals in Biochemical Engineering, Environmental Science, Wastewater Treatment, Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology, Biomass Based Biorefinery, Biochemistry, Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development, Waste Treatment, Enzymology, Microbial Biotechnology, and Waste Valorization.

Divided into three volumes, Enzymes in Valorization of Waste covers enzymatic pre-treatment of waste for development of enzyme based biorefineries, enzymatic hydrolysis of waste for development of value-added products and next-Gen technological advances for sustainable biorefinery development. It covers enzyme assisted recovery of value-added compounds generated during the pre-treatment process, role of key enzymes used in the hydrolysis step of the biorefinery setup and modern next gen technologies for promoting the application of sustainable and greener enzymatic steps at industrial scale for development of futuristic and self-sustainable biorefinery. Features: Highlights mechanistic approach how the enzyme being able to regulate the delignification. Discusses advantages of the enzymatic delignification over other physical and chemical methods. Explores role of hydrolyzing enzymes in breakdown and transformation of biomass hydrolysis. Discusses potential of auxiliary enzyme (LPMO's) for enhancing hydrolysis potential. Includes all the modern day technologies that can be potentially used in enzyme based biorefinery conversion of wastes to value added products. This book aims at Graduate students, Researchers in Biochemical Engineering, Environmental Science, Wastewater Treatment, Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology, Biomass Based Biorefinery, Biochemistry, Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development, Waste Treatment, Enzymology, Microbial Biotechnology, and Waste Valorization.

Industrial microbiology utilizes microorganisms to produce industrially important products in a more sustainable way, as opposed to the traditional chemical and energy intensive processes. The present book is an attempt to provide its readers with compiled and updated information in the area of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. This book provides the basics of microbiology and how it has been exploited at an industrial scale. The book focuses on the role of biotechnological advances that directly impact the industrial production of several bioactive compounds using microbes-based methods under a controlled and regulated environment. On one hand, this book presents detailed information on the basics of microbiology such as types of microbes and their applications, bioreactor design, fermentation techniques, strain improvement strategies, etc. At the same time it also provides recent and updated information on industrial production, recovery, and applications of enzymes, alcohols, organic acids, steroids as a drug precursor, etc., using microbial biotechnological approaches. The book presents an overview of modern technological advances for the generation of energy (biomethane, bioethanol, and bioelectricity) and resource recovery from waste. It also highlights the application of CRISPR-based technologies in the industrial microbiology sector. This book is developed with the motive to benefit students, academicians, as well as researchers. The book will also find interests among microbiologists, biotechnologists, environmentalists, and engineers working in the application of the microbes-based approach for the development of greener technologies.

This book provides a comprehensive account of past, present and future of the biomass based biorefineries. It is an all-inclusive and insightful compilation of recent advancements in the technology and methods used for conversion of biomass to bioenergy and other useful biochemicals. The book also focuses on the limitations of existing technologies and provides the future prospects, as well as discusses socio-economic impact of biomass based biorefineries. This book assists researchers in the area of lignocellulosic biorefineries and can be used by the students, scientist and academician as an advanced reference textbook.

The edited book covers all potential products from microalgal-based biorefinery having the focus on contemporary technologies and future outlook. Along with the focus on microalgal biorefinery products, the book also focuses on biotechnological advances via the utilization of modern molecular biology, system biology, synthetic biology, or metabolic engineering approach in microalgal biorefinery.  The development of any technologies has a direct effect on the human being and the environment, therefore, the socio-economic, techno-economic, and environmental impact of the microalgae-based biorefineries will also be included in the book. In microalgal biomass-based biorefinery different biofuel- biodiesel, bioethanol, bio-hydrogen, and value-added compounds such as carotenoids, fatty acids, and protein can be produced simultaneously. Understanding the technical advances to develop an integrated biorefinery approach with the motive of designing a consolidated self-sustainable microalga-based biorefinery. This book is equally beneficial for researchers and engineers in biomass-based biorefineries or the bachelors, master, or young budding graduate students as a textbook.  

Most of the biochemical and metabolic activities have been studied in land plants and also work has been done in the case of aquatic plants especially submerged hydrophytes, hence it was considered as interest to study Hydrilla with the objectives such as physico- chemical parameters of water, growth pattern and biochemical changes of Hydrilla plant and Correlation between physico-chemical parameters of water and biological parameter of Hydrilla

Hamisar is central to the social and cultural consciousness of Bhuj city. This heritage lakes speaks of the suffering of the drought years, and the joy of the good years.Lake studies are conducted to meet specific purposes like Protection of present water quality, Water Quality Impacts associated with Eutrophication and Restoration of former water quality.After complete investigation the result of physical and chemical parameters were compared with WHO (1971) and BIS (1991) standard. After comparing the 98 result it was found that many number of parameters were above desirable limit, which indicate that water of Hamisar lake show some level of pollution

Phytoplankton (microscopic algae) usually occurs as unicellular, colonial or filamentous forms and is mostly photosynthetic and is grazed upon by the zooplankton and other organisms occurring in the same environment. The phytoplanktons stand at the baseline of food webs in aquatic environments and are very sensitive to changes in the environmental conditions. Plankton, particularly phytoplankton, has long been used as indicators of water quality. They flourish both in highly eutrophic waters while a few others are very sensitive to organic and/or chemical wastes. Some species have also been associated with noxious blooms sometimes creating offensive tastes and odours or toxic conditions. Because of their short life cycles planktons respond quickly to environmental changes, and hence the standing crop and species composition indicate the quality of the water mass in which they are found.

Castor is a plant that is commercially very important to the world. It is produced in about 30 countries lying in the tropical belt of the world. Due to high production and utilization of such crop, it gets essential to differentiate the varieties for benefit of mankind. Single species with 9 cultivars were subjected to RAPD analysis for differentiation from each other through unique banding pattern and combined profiles of 20 primers in the present study. The present study shows genetic relationship among cultivars of Ricinus communis using RAPD markers. Using the cluster pattern, genetic relationships can be obtained which may prove to be helpful to the breeders in identifying the diverse cultivars and construct the phylogenetic history of the species. This information can further help to distinguish modified castor varieties. The genetic similarity obtained from the analysis will be useful in selecting divergent parents for breeding and mapping purposes. RAPD analysis was proved to be a powerful technique for fingerprinting and relationship between and among the cultivars even from the same population.