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This volume discusses how small bioreactors can produce useful
biogas and compost from biodegradable waste. The authors identify
which biodegradable wastes are optimal for small bioreactors, and
how these choices can be used to increase bioreactor productivity.
Additionally, readers will learn about how the amount and
composition of biogas is estimated, the concentration of
biodegradable waste that needs to be supplied to a bioreactor, the
development of small bioreactors including the ratio of cost to the
obtained benefits, and the nature of biodegradable wastes generated
by both small farms and large food industry enterprises. The
beginning chapters explain what biodegradable waste is, show how to
predict how much waste an enterprise will produce, and elaborate
the characteristics of the biogas which is generated from
biodegradable waste in small bioreactors. Then the book discusses
the types of small bioreactors and how to select the optimal
bioreactor for a given case. Bioreactor performance is analyzed on
both an economical and production efficiency basis, with
experimental results provided on the quantity and quality of the
biogas produced. The final chapters address how small bioreactors
can be incorporated into small biogas plants, and the potential use
of small bioreactors in countries with high demand for alternative
energy using the case of Lithuania. The audience for this work
includes specialists in biodegradable waste management and
utilization enterprises, designers, and academics, researchers and
students engaged in environmental engineering.
This monograph describes ways of using trees and their byproducts
in environmental protection technologies and methodologies
throughout their lifecycles. The tree, the planet's main source of
biomass, is an indispensable tool for sustainable technologies, and
the authors present a holistic picture of how and why in this
volume. The authors describe the indispensable role of the living
tree in phytoremediation and biomonitoring and detail the
relationship of the tree with its surrounding ecosystem. The direct
and indirect relationships of a tree at its vegetation period with
various components of the ecosystem (i.e. atmosphere, hydrosphere,
lithosphere and soil) contribute to the role of a tree as the
medium for integrating aerogenic and edaphic pollutants. Trees
phytostabilize pollutants in their organisms and remove them from
the soil. The ability of some species of trees to reflect the
quality of the environment makes a basis for the environmental
bioindication, while quantitative representation of the chemical
composition of the surrounding environment allows for the use of
trees in biomonitoring. Morphological features of trees (e.g.
annual tree rings) allow us to observe environmental conditions in
the past and retrospectively evaluate them. This monograph also
details how wood products (e.g. biochar, chips, bark, etc.) of a
tree after it has died are used in environmental technologies. Due
to the specific morphological form and physical and chemical
composition of wood products, they may be used as active materials
in the technologies aimed at reducing pollution in an effective and
sustainable manner.
This volume discusses how small bioreactors can produce useful
biogas and compost from biodegradable waste. The authors identify
which biodegradable wastes are optimal for small bioreactors, and
how these choices can be used to increase bioreactor productivity.
Additionally, readers will learn about how the amount and
composition of biogas is estimated, the concentration of
biodegradable waste that needs to be supplied to a bioreactor, the
development of small bioreactors including the ratio of cost to the
obtained benefits, and the nature of biodegradable wastes generated
by both small farms and large food industry enterprises. The
beginning chapters explain what biodegradable waste is, show how to
predict how much waste an enterprise will produce, and elaborate
the characteristics of the biogas which is generated from
biodegradable waste in small bioreactors. Then the book discusses
the types of small bioreactors and how to select the optimal
bioreactor for a given case. Bioreactor performance is analyzed on
both an economical and production efficiency basis, with
experimental results provided on the quantity and quality of the
biogas produced. The final chapters address how small bioreactors
can be incorporated into small biogas plants, and the potential use
of small bioreactors in countries with high demand for alternative
energy using the case of Lithuania. The audience for this work
includes specialists in biodegradable waste management and
utilization enterprises, designers, and academics, researchers and
students engaged in environmental engineering.
This monograph describes ways of using trees and their byproducts
in environmental protection technologies and methodologies
throughout their lifecycles. The tree, the planet's main source of
biomass, is an indispensable tool for sustainable technologies, and
the authors present a holistic picture of how and why in this
volume. The authors describe the indispensable role of the living
tree in phytoremediation and biomonitoring and detail the
relationship of the tree with its surrounding ecosystem. The direct
and indirect relationships of a tree at its vegetation period with
various components of the ecosystem (i.e. atmosphere, hydrosphere,
lithosphere and soil) contribute to the role of a tree as the
medium for integrating aerogenic and edaphic pollutants. Trees
phytostabilize pollutants in their organisms and remove them from
the soil. The ability of some species of trees to reflect the
quality of the environment makes a basis for the environmental
bioindication, while quantitative representation of the chemical
composition of the surrounding environment allows for the use of
trees in biomonitoring. Morphological features of trees (e.g.
annual tree rings) allow us to observe environmental conditions in
the past and retrospectively evaluate them. This monograph also
details how wood products (e.g. biochar, chips, bark, etc.) of a
tree after it has died are used in environmental technologies. Due
to the specific morphological form and physical and chemical
composition of wood products, they may be used as active materials
in the technologies aimed at reducing pollution in an effective and
sustainable manner.
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