Managing solid waste is one of the biggest challenges in urban areas around the world. Technologically advanced economies generate vast amounts of organic waste materials, many of which are disposed of in landfills. In the future, efficient use of carbon-containing waste and all other waste materials must be increased to reduce the need for virgin raw materials acquisition, including biomass, and reduce carbon emissions to the atmosphere, mitigating climate change. Moreover, expeditious development in information and communications technology (ICT) has made the machines more powerful and efficient, but at the same time, there is a simultaneous decrease in product life leading to an extensive rise in the annual production of e-waste, or electronic waste. Considering the health hazards and environmental implications of e-waste, it has become a global problem that needs serious attention. Safe Disposal Methods of Municipal Solid Wastes for a Sustainable Environment covers waste management principles and strategies in different fields and corresponding applications. The book also focuses on the waste management strategies for a sustainable environment that have emerged. Covering key topics such as waste, energy, and recycling, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for environmentalists, government officials, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Knowledge Engineering (KE) is a fi eld within artifi cial intelligence that develops knowledgebased systems. KE is the process of imitating how a human expert in a specifi c domain would act and take decisions. It contains large amounts of knowledge, like metadata and information about a data object that describes characteristics such as content, quality, and format, structure and processes. Such systems are computer programs that are the basis of how a decision is made or a conclusion is reached. It is having all the rules and reasoning mechanisms to provide solutions to real-world problems. This book presents an extensive collection of the recent fi ndings and innovative research in the information system and KE domain. Highlighting the challenges and diffi culties in implementing these approaches, this book is a critical reference source for academicians, professionals, engineers, technology designers, analysts, undergraduate and postgraduate students in computing science and related disciplines such as Information systems, Knowledge Engineering, Intelligent Systems, Artifi cial Intelligence, Cognitive Neuro - science, and Robotics. In addition, anyone who is interested or involved in sophisticated information systems and knowledge engineering developments will fi nd this book a valuable source of ideas and guidance.

This book examines the key aspects that will define future sustainable energy systems: biofuels, green nanomaterials and the production of bioethanol and bio-hydrogen from bio-waste. Bio-based fuels are the future energy carriers for internal combustion engines as they have lower environmental impact and higher efficiency. The book clearly illustrates the requirement for a unified engineering approach based on solid mathematical and engineering principles. Aside from the ecological advantages, support for sustainable energy can help the socioeconomic situation of developing countries by providing a consistent supply of new energy along with the generation of new job opportunities. The sustainable energy applications and existing contextual investigations provide useful guidance for the broad comprehension of the significance of sustainable energy. Technical topics discussed in the book include: - Thermochemical Conversion process; - Catalytic conversion process; - Rankine cycle; - Nanomaterials;

The book discusses contemporary issues such as global financial architecture and regulatory practices, trade, investment and the multilateral process, the future of work, the role of technology for adaptation and mitigation of climate change, and financing infrastructure for sustainable development. With increasing global connectivity, events in one part of the world immediately affect or spread to the other parts. In this context, G20 has proved to be an effective forum, particularly after the Asian financial crises. Furthermore, over recent decades, G20 has been instrumental in managing financial crises and international conflicts by deploying global cooperation as a functional tool. As a body responding to crises, the G20 has played a central role in providing the political momentum for the strong international cooperation that ensured greater policy coherence and helped ease situations that could otherwise have been decidedly worse. The G20's agendas have encompassed short-term but critical issues of economic recovery, the sovereign crisis of Europe, high unemployment and financial sector regulation. But since moderate stabilization in the global economic environment, the focus of the group has also embraced long-term areas of governance and development. For emerging economies, such as India, the G20 has been an important platform framework to promote an inclusive global economic architecture that seeks to achieve equitable outcomes. This book reviews the past 20 years of the G20, since it was conceptualized as a replacement for the G-7. While issues such as global financial order have been a constant area of discussion, one of the failures has been not recognizing and acknowledging the importance of issues like trade, climate change and future of work. Featuring academic papers by experts in the area, this book provides a platform for the necessary discourse on these issues.

We have seen a sharp increase in the development of data transfer techniques in the networking industry during the last few years. We can see that the photos are assisting clinicians in detecting Covid-19 infection in patients even in the current Covid-19 pandemic condition. With the aid of ML/AI, medical imaging, such as lung X-rays for Covid-19 infection, is crucial in the early detection of many diseases. We also learned that in the Covid-19 scenario, wired and wireless networking are improved for data transfer but have network congestion. An intriguing concept that has the ability to reduce spectrum congestion and continuously offer new network services is providing wireless network virtualization. The degree of virtualization and resource sharing varies between the paradigms. Each paradigm has both technical and non-technical issues that need to be handled before wireless virtualization becomes a common technology. For wireless network virtualization to be successful, these issues need careful design and evaluation. Future wireless network architecture must adhere to a number of Quality of Service requirements (QoS). Virtualization has been extended to wireless networks as well as conventional ones. By enabling multi-tenancy and tailored service with a wider range of carrier frequencies, it improves efficiency and utilization. In the IoT environment, wireless users are heterogeneous, and the network state is dynamic, making network control problems extremely difficult to solve as dimensionality and computational complexity keep rising quickly. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has been developed by the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as a potential approach to solve high-dimensional and continuous control issues effectively. Deep Reinforcement Learning techniques provide great potential in IoT, edge and SDN scenarios and are used in heterogeneous networks for IoT-based management on the QoS required by each Software Defined Network (SDN) service. While DRL has shown great potential to solve emerging problems in complex wireless network virtualization, there are still domain-specific challenges that require further study, including the design of adequate DNN architectures with 5G network optimization issues, resource discovery and allocation, developing intelligent mechanisms that allow the automated and dynamic management of the virtual communications established in the SDNs which is considered as research perspective

This book is a compilation of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Machine Intelligence and Data Science Applications, organized by the School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, on September 4 and 5, 2020. The book starts by addressing the algorithmic aspect of machine intelligence which includes the framework and optimization of various states of algorithms. Variety of papers related to wide applications in various fields like image processing, natural language processing, computer vision, sentiment analysis, and speech and gesture analysis have been included with upfront details. The book concludes with interdisciplinary applications like legal, health care, smart society, cyber physical system and smart agriculture. The book is a good reference for computer science engineers, lecturers/researchers in machine intelligence discipline and engineering graduates.

Ideas are ubiquitous. They are the fundamental building blocks for all aspects of life. Yet, efforts to use ideas as a basic unit of analysis in a shared framework are rare. We often find it difficult to look past the artificial boundaries that academic disciplines and specialist fields of knowledge construct. In this book, the authors address this substantial lacuna by proposing an intuitive theory of ideas that serves as a trans-disciplinary basis for studying innovation and creativity. The theory proposed shows how new ideas emerge from contexts that rely on mechanisms, which were originally built on older and more central ideas. It demonstrates how these mechanisms help instantiate different perspectives on the same idea in variegated manners. By applying their theory to a variety of bat and ball sports, the authors illustrate the role that primitive ideas have on sports innovation, and explore further avenues for employing the theory in a number of different situations. This original book will be of interest to anyone who wishes to gain a deeper understanding of the processes of innovation and creativity, developed within a complex framework of ideas.

This book gives a complete overview of cloud computing: its importance, its trends, innovations, and its amalgamation with other technologies. Key Features: 1. In-depth explanation of emerging technologies utilizing cloud computing 2. Supplemented with visuals, flowcharts, and diagrams 3. Real-time examples included 4. Caters to beginners, as well as advanced researchers, by explaining implications, innovations, issues, and challenges of cloud computing 5. Highlights the need for cloud computing and the true benefits derived by its application and integration in emerging technologies 6. Simple, easy language

In today's fast-paced world, businesses must keep up with ever-changing trends and consumer expectations to stay relevant. The solution lies in Supply Chain 5.0 — a concept that prioritizes customer-centricity, sustainability, and digitization.In this groundbreaking book, the authors have evolved the essential ingredients of Supply Chain 5.0, defining the next generation of business performance. With a focus on digital technology, this guide explores the use of quantum computing and robotics, AI, Blockchain, and digitization of procurement to optimize operations and achieve business objectives.But that's not all. The authors also delve into the critical importance of sustainability and human rights in today's supply chain management. Discover how to create a socially responsible and sustainable supply chain while providing exceptional customer service.From the impact of robotics to the future of healthcare supply chains, this comprehensive guide covers a wide range of topics. It provides actionable insights and strategies that businesses can use to improve supply chain efficiency, sustainability, and resilience.Whether you're a supply chain professional, a business owner, or simply interested in the future of global commerce, this book is a must-read. Get ready to stay ahead of the curve and transform your supply chain management in the face of an ever-changing landscape.

Provides an overview of the biowaste as a sustainable source in the field of biofuel production Includes effective conversion parameters of the biowaste feedstocks and their classification Summarizes current research into the development and exploitation of new biofuel sources Discusses improvement of pilot scale scalability, and chemical processing and design flow Presents relevant and realistic global explanations on biowaste management techniques for biofuels

1. Covers latest concepts in image processing and intelligent computing systems. 2. Presents the applications of image processing based intelligent systems. 3. Covers latest research topics in the field. 4. Written in a comprehensive and simple manner. 5. The text is accompanied by tables and illustrative figures for better understanding of the topic.

Data Science for Effective Healthcare Systems has a prime focus on the importance of data science in the healthcare domain. Various applications of data science in the health care domain have been studied to find possible solutions. In this period of COVID-19 pandemic data science and allied areas plays a vital role to deal with various aspect of health care. Image processing, detection & prevention from COVID-19 virus, drug discovery, early prediction, and prevention of diseases are some thrust areas where data science has proven to be indispensable. Key Features: The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Big Data Analytics, Applications & Challenges in Healthcare Descriptive, Predictive and Prescriptive Analytics in Healthcare Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning and IoT in Healthcare Data Science in Covid-19, Diabetes, Coronary Heart Diseases, Breast Cancer, Brain Tumor The aim of this book is also to provide the future scope of these technologies in the health care domain. Last but not the least, this book will surely benefit research scholar, persons associated with healthcare, faculty, research organizations, and students to get insights into these emerging technologies in the healthcare domain.

Brecht in India analyses the dramaturgy and theatrical practices of the German playwright Bertolt Brecht in post-independence India. The book explores how post-independence Indian drama is an instance of a cultural palimpsest, a site celebrating a dialogue between Western and Indian theatrical traditions, rather than a homogenous and isolated canon. Analysing the dissemination of a selection of Brecht's plays in the Hindi belt between the 1960s and the 1990s, this study demonstrates that Brecht's work provided aesthetic and ideological paradigms to modern Hindi playwrights, helping them develop and stage a national identity. The book also traces how the reception of Brecht was mediated in India, how it helped post-independence Indian playwrights formulate a political theatre, and how the dissemination of Brechtian aesthetics in India addressed the anxiety related to the stasis in Brechtian theatre in Europe. Tracking the dialogue between Brechtian aesthetics in India and Europe and a history of deliberate cultural resistance, Brecht in India is an invaluable resource for academics and students of theatre studies and theatre historiography, as well as scholars of post-colonial history and literature.

Brecht in India analyses the dramaturgy and theatrical practices of the German playwright Bertolt Brecht in post-independence India. The book explores how post-independence Indian drama is an instance of a cultural palimpsest, a site celebrating a dialogue between Western and Indian theatrical traditions, rather than a homogenous and isolated canon. Analysing the dissemination of a selection of Brecht's plays in the Hindi belt between the 1960s and the 1990s, this study demonstrates that Brecht's work provided aesthetic and ideological paradigms to modern Hindi playwrights, helping them develop and stage a national identity. The book also traces how the reception of Brecht was mediated in India, how it helped post-independence Indian playwrights formulate a political theatre, and how the dissemination of Brechtian aesthetics in India addressed the anxiety related to the stasis in Brechtian theatre in Europe. Tracking the dialogue between Brechtian aesthetics in India and Europe and a history of deliberate cultural resistance, Brecht in India is an invaluable resource for academics and students of theatre studies and theatre historiography, as well as scholars of post-colonial history and literature.

Cellular mechanisms of BE development; Role of obesity and familial factors in BE and cancer; Histology of metaplasia and dysplasia; Molecular markers and genetics in cancer development; Improving screening practices for BE; Risk factors for BE cancer development; New technologies for BE imaging; Medical treatment and cancer prevention; Endoscopic therapy in BE; Surgical therapy for high grade dysplasia and early cancer; Role of neoadjuvant therapy for BE cancer; Surgical palliation for BE cancer

Learn ES6 best practices for code optimization and organization and walk through practical, common examples of how to implement complete components of your applications. While this book covers the basic concepts of modern JavaScript, it primarily focuses on the new syntax, data-types, functionalities, and everything else that's new in ES6, the latest standard of JavaScript. You'll examine how to use ES6 in functional programming and explore the new more modular and object-oriented approach to JavaScript. This book will help you sharpen and upgrade your JavaScript language skills so you to easily explore modern ES6 based frameworks or libraries such as ReactJS, ReactNative, Angular4 and Vue.js. ES6 for Humans is a complete guide to writing ES6 and will enable you to start taking advantage of this exciting new version of JavaScript. What You'll Learn Use all the new features added to JavaScript Compare ES5 and ES6 in varied situations Refresh your core JavaScript fundamentals Understand the modular and object-oriented approach to JavaScript Who this Book Is For Any Javascript developer who wants to fully understand and dive into the new features of ES6/ES2015. Developers with some background in programming, preferably in JavaScript. A basic understanding of coding concepts and exposure to object-oriented programming is expected.